WIND-SOLAR CHIMNEY

TECHNICAL FIELD

This invention relates to a wind-solar chimney developed to convert the kinetic energy of the air and the heat energy of the sun into mechanical energy.

PRIOR ART

Turbines used in energy production today are used to convert the kinetic energy found in fluids such as water, wind, steam and gas into mechanical energy and then into electrical energy. Many types of turbines have been developed for this purpose.

In solar energy, the energy provided by the sun is converted into electrical energy by various methods, especially in photo voltaic.

Using the drag force of fluids: In the state of the technique, the first known methods used to benefit from the energy of fluids are based on the principle of converting the drag effect of fluids into mechanical energy by a wheel. Known examples for this method are pelton turbines in hydraulics and Savonius turbines in wind. In this method, the propeller speed cannot exceed the fluid speed. For this reason, the amount and continuity of the electrical energy produced depending on the mechanical energy obtained is limited by the fluid velocity. This limitation of energy production also reduces the efficiency of the energy produced. The most important technical problem of wind turbines with vertical shaft operating with drag force is that a part of the turbine cannot be used because the rotating propeller has to reverse the fluid direction in half of each revolution completed. This technical problem reduces the efficiency of turbines using the drag force of fluids.

Use of buoyancy of fluids: In the state of the technique, devices that have high electrical energy production capacity and are used in energy generation applications created by the combination of more than one turbine use the buoyancy of fluids. In this method, fluid passes on both sides of the wings and creates a lift force on the wings. Examples of this method in the state of the technique; Kaplan turbine in hydraulics, steam turbines in gas and conventional wind turbines in air. Two basic principles are valid for propellers and propeller blades that use the lifting force of fluids, the basic operating modes of which are described above:

- Bemoli's Principle, which reveals the formation of pressure differentials over the blades - The Coanda Principle, which reveals that air (fluid) flows on curved surfaces in accordance with the shape of the surface.

In the state of the technique;

Examples of using primarily lift and drag forces of fluids are explained in detail below.

Thermodynamic method in solar energy: The sun's rays are concentrated in a narrow area with parabolic reflectors, and the energy of a fluid (oil, water, etc.) heated in this way is converted into mechanical energy by known methods (steam boiler, turbine, etc.). In the state of the technique, when heat is applied to the fluids, they expand, their pressure increases, and this situation reaches up to phase change, as in the example of water-steam. Known devices used to benefit from heat energy are hot water and steam boilers.

Photovoltaic method in solar energy: With this widely used and known method, the energy in light photons is converted into electrical energy. This method, known as solar panel in practice, is widely used.

TRADITIONAL WIND TURBINE

Usually three wings and a horizontal axis is the only design in almost the all commercially used design. Alternative commercial wind turbines have not been developed so far, and industrial product development and use plans and general plans for wind energy are made based on this design.

The important technical problems of the turbine, whose characteristics are known in detail, are the weaknesses that emerged during the application and explained below.

The wings are sweeping the surface. In order to use this sweeping surface, which is perpendicular to the wind direction, efficiently, the blades must sweep at high speed. When the tip speed of the wing tips can increase 6-8 times the wind speed, it is only possible to obtain a certain amount of energy from the swept surface. According to the fluid dynamics, the instantaneous energy passing through the swept surface is expressed as !/2*A*V ³ . Here, A is the surface swept by the blades and V is the wind speed.

The German Scientist Bet'z showed that it is not possible to harvest all this energy, but it can be harvested at a rate of 16/27, and this factor entered the literature as the power factor “cp”. This value is given by turbine manufacturers as 42-45%. Surface scanning and Bet'z law are a special case of conventional wind turbines. While the blade surface area under the influence of the fluid force is an important factor in power calculations in basic fluid dynamics, increasing the blade surface area (for example, increasing the number of blades) in conventional wind turbines reduces the turbine efficiency. Due to the high sweeping speed, the air passage that cuts the sweeping area vertically creates high turbulence on the blades and the trailing edges of the blades, and wake are formed in the air leaving the turbine. In order to dampen the wakes, the turbines are placed in a staggered manner, leaving significant distances between the turbines. This reduces the overall efficiency of the wind harvest. The design is derived from windmills as of its origin. Conversions carried out in modem wind turbines, extending the blade with propeller characteristics as much as possible, developing it with aviation technique, providing material flexibility, etc. such as transformations. Conventional wind turbines are very sensitive to horizontal and vertical wind angles. In addition to the direction adjustment system (known as yaw), against the horizontal wind direction change, there is an advanced angle of attack control system against the instantaneous change of the horizontal wind angles (known as pitch control). Small changes in vertical wind angle significantly affect turbine efficiency. For this reason, conventional wind turbines cannot be installed on rough terrain and slopes where the vertical wind deflects angularly. The necessity of increasing the size of turbines gradually creates important structural integrity problems for the entire turbine. For example, the wing tips are free, the height of the tower (the entire tower is cantilever). The system cannot utilize sunlight in any way

The lattice rotor turbine, which is the subject of the patent application numbered TR 2013/11899, with vertical axis (to the direction of air flow) and cylindrical sweeping in the invention, produces high rotational motion with the components of the lift force and drag forces of the air passing on both sides of the airfoil section blade. This turbine uses the wind power in half a turn and rotates against the wind in the other half turn. A wind shield is used to prevent this. Carrying and enlarging this shield by the turbine construction arises as a technical problem. Increasing the wing length is also a problem for large designs. Since the resultant lift and drag forces change depending on the position of the wing, it is necessary to use powerful flywheels to ensure torque uniformity. This system cannot be used in sunlight in any way

SAVONIUS WIND TURBINE

Savonius turbines are machines that use the pressure difference created by the drag force of the wind on the turbine blades with S-shaped cross-section. The turbine shaft is vertical and operates independently of the wind direction. The rotor of this turbine makes half of its rotation against the wind and loses power significantly under the drag force of the wind. In addition, the drag force of the air is used, the more efficient lifting force cannot be used. These turbines can only operate in a vertical position and the system cannot utilize sunlight in any way.

DARRIEUS WIND TURBINE

Darrieus turbines are machines that produce rotational movement under the wind with the effect of air buoyancy by connecting the blades with symmetrical airfoil-shaped cross-sections to a vertical axis. The weakness caused by the symmetrical blade shape in the first design has been tried to be eliminated in later designs and many other turbines have been developed on the basic design of this turbine until today. In practice, it is used as a wind and water turbine on a certain scale. The fact that the blade section used in this turbine is symmetrical or very limitedly asymmetrical significantly affects the performance of the turbine to benefit from the aerodynamic lift force. Mainly, it takes advantage of the lift force generated by the head wind generated by the air passing over the airfoil section during rotation. The loads created by the wings at different angles, especially at the angles where the angle of attack increases, cause undesirable effects such as vibration and stalling. Along with the wing size, the loads that must be handled also increase significantly. The turbine rotor makes half its rotation upwind and loses significant power under the drag force of the air. In addition, it can only work in vertical position. At high centrifugal speeds, it is a problem to meet the loads coming from the blades. The structural integrity of the turbine as a whole is weak. This system also works only in vertical position and cannot utilize sunlight in any way.

In the basic working principle of the invention described in document US 6942454 B2, the wind is directed to two vertical shaft turbines from both sides of a fixed guide vane. The fixed guide vane also shields the turbine half sections and the air is directed to the unswept sections only. Thus, it is aimed not to lose power while turning against the wind. The blade design was inspired by the Darrieus wind turbine. A rotation mechanism has been considered on the carrier body to always face the wind at the best angle. In this way, it differs from turbines such as Darrieus and Savonius, which operate independently of the wind direction. The ends of the wings of this tribune are not fixed. There is also no other support on the wings along the entire wing. In this case, it is very difficult to resist the forces on the blades under the wind and to protect the structural integrity of the turbine. Especially when it comes to large blades, this technical problem will be accelerated as with the Darrieus turbine. Oscillating and vibrating blades will constantly cause technical problems. It can only work in vertical position. At high centrifugal speeds, it is a problem to face the loads coming from the blades. Considering the whole device, its structural integrity is weak and cannot use sunlight in any way. The invention described in the document numbered US8403622B2 relates to a turbine with blades arranged around the rotor, whose fluid operates as axial inlet and radial outlet (such as a radial fan or pump) as opposed to the radial inlet and axial outlet flow in radial flow turbines. The fluid passes from the center of the turbine towards the periphery. In an open system flow environment (wind, stream, etc.), the fluid naturally tends towards the side with less resistance. The freely flowing fluid will tend outward from the open forehead of the device instead of entering the turbine. Since the fluid outlet is radial, in an open system flow, the fluid must be turned to the incoming direction, that is, to the axial direction. The flow of flow from the empty space in the middle of the turbine to the surrounding blades is inefficient. It only works in horizontal position. In accordance with the explanations above, a collector that collects the fluid and directs it to the turbine forehead and a diverter housing that will turn the radial outlet back to the axial direction are required for free flow. Considering these, this turbine is more suitable for closed system rather than open system, especially closed system with liquid fluid. This system cannot utilize sunlight in any way.

The invention disclosed in document number W02013/005099 relates to nested wind turbines. The air passing through the outermost turbine turns the smaller diameter turbine inside in the opposite direction compared to the outer one. It is aimed to add turbine powers to each other. Since the entire front receives the wind, the asymmetry of the blades must be very limited as in the Darrieus turbine. The tightness of the nested rotors weakens the inflow of air, resulting in almost zero rotational effect on the rotor blades inside.

If a general evaluation is made by considering all the inventions, the basic features of which are explained above and included in the state of the technique, it is seen that the following technical problems are common:

• The systems are designed for working in vertical position. Vertical turbines are not resistant to incoming fluid loads because the upper side of the turbine is not connected to a place. In this case, the power of the system and its elements needs to be done, and as a result, costs increase significantly. The construction of large-scale turbines is far from being economical and operable for the same reasons.

• When inventions designed as wind turbines are intended to be operated independently of the wind direction, the asymmetry required on the blade sections is reduced to a point where it is almost zero, and the aerodynamic efficiency is significantly reduced with the necessity of turning against the wind. The vertical position, on the other hand, limits the turbine size due to the loads created by the wind on the system elements. Today, although there are many studies, designs and inventions in the field of wind harvesting, only one design can be used commercially efficiently all over the world. In this design, the pressure difference between two adjacent points of the airflow is not used, but rather the pressure difference created as the air passes over a blade in the airfoil geometry.

• These systems do not utilize from sunlight in any way.

In the inventions described in the documents numbered W02005050103A1 and US200501392A 1 , the sun rays are collected in a narrow area by the parabolic reflection method and converted into heat energy and then into mechanical energy. Such designs have obvious disadvantages. Steam must be produced for mechanical action. Steam is a difficult product to manage in machinery business. Regardless of the plant size, a steam operating system is required for this, and this requirement brings an extra cost. The system does not utilize from the wind in any way.

The invention described in the document US 2009/0159126A1 is an invention for obtaining concentrated sunlight by reflecting sunlight more than once and obtaining electrical energy with solar cells. The light reflection scheme requires parabolic elements. These elements are special and costly elements due to their manufacture. Likewise, the solar cell at the end of the system must be special and costly considering the incoming concentrated sunlight. The system cannot benefit from the wind in any way.

PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR PANEL

This method, which is widely used and commercialized, is the method in which high-tech products are used, and its main disadvantages are;

- The product is aging due to its nature and loses 1% capacity approximately every two years.

- Photovoltaic panel surfaces must be kept clean.

- The product is modular and must be spread over a certain area

- They cannot utilize from wind energy in any way.

DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

Figure 1 : General isomeric view of the Wind-Solar chimney

Figure 2: Sectional view of the wind-solar chimney Figure 3: Sectional view of the sunlight collection unit

Figure 4: Representative view of the fluid circulation unit

Figure 5: Wind boundary layer curve

Figure 6: Sunlight collecting unit (a) hexagonal structure (b) sheet structure (c) circular structure

Reference Numbers in Figures

1. Wind-solar chimney

2. Hom venturi

3. Diffuser

4. Aerodynamic Cap

5. Alternator

6. Turbine

7. Solar booster battery

8. Directional guide vanes

9. Sunlight collection unit

10. Turning assembly

11. Fluid recirculation system

12. Wind directing blades

13. Alternator protection shield

14. Liquid circulation collector

15. Sunlight collecting cell

16. Pivot mechanism

DDE.: Vertical axis of rotation

R: Wind direction

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The wind-solar chimney developed with this invention, which is the subject of the application, operates in a vertical position. It has an advanced structural integrity with its venturi-diffuser air passage arrangement, turbine -alternator group, solar energy support battery, aerodynamic cap, wind direction blades, lower turning arrangement, sun beam collection arrangement and hot fluid circulation group. Thanks to its ability to continuously collect the sun's rays efficiently, it can also use the energy of the hot fluid as its efficiency. In the development of the wind solar chimney,

- Increasing the use of fluid energy applications,

- Overcoming the technical problems and application limits in existing systems using the drag and lift forces of the fluid,

- Ensuring more effective and widespread use of air energy,

- Ensuring more efficient use of fluid energy,

- Increasing fluid air power investments and reducing energy costs

- Integration of solar energy into the system at low cost

- Using wind and solar energy together in the same body

- Establishing energy facilities with higher performance and efficiency,

- Obtaining a more robust and durable system thanks to the use of a simple design,

- Obtaining a turbine with flexible design features that can be changed according to the application location and application needs,

- Obtaining a portable system,

- Obtaining a system that can use the lifting effect and/or drag effect of the fluid together in order to collect the fluid energy and thus can accommodate both types of turbine features on a single turbine,

- Obtaining a system where working and repair/maintenance operations can be performed on the carrier and its moving parts even when under flow,

- Obtaining a device whose position can be changed continuously in the direction of the fluid in order to meet the fluid in the most efficient way,

- Can only work with the wind,

- Can also work with only sun rays

- Able to work with wind and sun at the same time a system is intended.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The wind-solar chimney (1) developed with this invention has been developed to convert the kinetic energy of the wind and the heat energy of the sun into mechanical energy; By positioning it vertically, it can use the energies of the air and the sun together.

The main elements constituting the wind-solar chimney (1), which is the subject of the invention, are as follows: Horn Venturi (2)

The horn venturi (2) is a 90° bent of a venturi known in fluid dynamics. The air inlet is horizontal, and the air outlet is vertical, upward. The air inlet velocity is the ambient velocity. The air outlet velocity is higher than the ambient velocity depending on the design of the venturi. Alternator (5) and turbine (6) group is connected to the Venturi output. Venturi design can use known design standards (eg NACA) or an optional design can be used. There is computer software technology that has developed recently and very advanced calculation methods in this field. The center of the venturi outlet also passes through the vertical axis of rotation of the venturi under wind. The vertical axis of rotation of the venturi and the axis of rotation of the turbine are the same. In ventilation systems, the air inlet is known as grating.

Diffuser (3)

The diffuser (3) ensures that the air accelerated by the horn venturi (2) and then passed through the turbine (6) and the solar booster battery (7) is distributed evenly before the aerodynamic cap(4) located at the outlet of the diffuser (3), and to the aerodynamic cap(4) efficiently as a component that passes. The inlet opening of the diffuser (3) is narrower at the bottom (in the part close to the venturi), and the outlet mouth is wider at the top (at the part close to the aerodynamic cap). The diffuser (3) design can also be used as an optional design, as in known standards (eg NACA). The axis about which the diffuser (3) rotates under the wind is the same as the rotation axis of the venturi (2) and coincides with the rotation axis of the turbine (6).

Aerodynamic Cap (4)

The aerodynamic cap (4) is a component that allows the decelerated air in the diffuser (3) to come out again with the help of the wind and get away. It is rigidly connected to the diffuser (3) located at the bottom. Aerodynamic cap (4), diffuser (3) and venturi (2) move under wind as one piece. The aerodynamic cap (4), located at the top position of the wind-solar chimney (1), is in the form of an airfoil. The side of the wing structure facing the diffuser (3) is open, and the upper side is spaced in the form of a grid. There are directional guide vanes (8) positioned at an angle in each grating space on the back tail side part (upper side) of the aerodynamic cap(4), which is spaced in the form of a grid during the wind passage. During the wind passage, the air passing through the wind-solar chimney (1) is provided to move in the direction of the wind by means of the negative pressure (suction) created by the outside air passing by passing over as the back tail side part of the aerodynamic cap (4) and the directional guide vanes (8) works more efficiently. In case the wind blows at low speed, the air that is heated and expanded only by the solar backup battery (7) passes away by passing through the gaps between the directional guide vanes (8). The profile of the aerodynamic cap (4) can be in known standards (for example, NACA) or it can be optionally selected.

Alternator (5)

This component, which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, is a shelf material in the current state of the industry and is an integral part of this system. It can be found in the market as a standard or can be manufactured optionally.

Turbine (6)

While this turbine, which converts the air flow into mechanical rotational energy, can be standard turbines in the market, a horizontal axis cage rotor turbine can be used in a preferred embodiment of the invention. Another alternative is the classic 3-blade turbine. The horizontal axis cage rotor turbine that can be used in the preferred application is the turbine described in the patent number TR2016/02667.

Solar Boost Battery (7)

This unit, which consists of classical serpentine (finned) pipes, is a component in which the liquid fluid heated with the help of the sunlight collecting unit (9) is used for heat transfer. It is the element in which the liquid fluid circulating in the hot fluid circulation unit (11) and coming as hot transfers the heat energy to the air passing through the Wind-Solar Chimney (1) by making heat transfer. Thus, the heated air naturally starts an upward movement. The Solar Boost Battery, whose material is metal, the classical shelf material, can also be manufactured optionally.

Directional guide vanes (8)

The task of the directional guide vanes (8) is to direct the air rising vertically in the Diffuser (3) towards the horizontal air flow, which is the normal flow. The wind directional guide vanes (8) are fixed to each opening on the grid-shaped upper surface of the aerodynamic cap (4) and form the upper curve of the curved aerodynamic cap (4) connecting the top points of the blades. The wind directional guide vanes blades (8) and the aerodynamic cap (4) are an inseparable body. In fluid machines, this group of fins is also known as stator. Sunlight Collecting Unit (9)

This component, which consists of V-shaped sunlight collecting cells (15), is a component that collects whatever the angle of the rays coming from the sun is and directs them to the liquid circulation collector (14). In the preferred design, the Sunlight collecting unit (9) is in the form of a book page (Figure 6(b)). In this preferred embodiment, the V angle of the solar collecting cells (15) is 15° and the number is 12. The cross-sectional shape of the solar collector is semicircular, and the base is flat. It creates a 180° section. The narrowest part of the solar collecting cells at the bottom is open so that the rays reach the liquid circulation collector (14). The inner surfaces of the solar collecting cells (15) are painted or coated to reflect the sun's rays. The reflected and collected rays are directed to the liquid circulation collector (14). Solar collecting cell (15), paper, plastic, metal, synthetic material, glass, etc. It can be produced from many materials such as the liquid circulation collector (14) is likewise made of metal, synthetic material, glass, etc. it could be. Sunlight collecting unit (9) is a whole consisting of sunlight collecting cells (15) and liquid circulation collector (14). Sunlight collecting unit (9) can be placed on the turning assembly (10) or it can be applied as a separate fixed unit. In this case, it should be considered that the inlet and outlet of the hot fluid pipes are exactly on the rotation axis of the connection to the wind-solar chimney (1) and the connections are made accordingly.

The sunlight collecting unit (9) can be in 3 different forms as shown in Figure 6. In the embodiment shown in 6(a), the module structure of the unit (9) is hexagonal. In the embodiment shown in 6(c), the module structure of the unit (9) is in circular form. The common feature of all 3 forms is that the cross-section is in a structure to form a repetitive V angle.

Turning Assembly (10)

It is a component that carries Hom Venturi (2), Diffuser (3), Aerodynamic cap (4) and Directing blades (12) on the return assembly, enabling the group to rotate under the wind with the help of directing blades (12). It provides the rotation of the whole system with the help of the pivot mechanism (16) of the rotation mechanism included in it. According to the need, the pivot system of the turning mechanism can also be made motorized. Ideally, it should make a natural turn.

Fluid Circulation System (11)

The fluid circulation system is a system that conveys the heated fluid in the liquid circulation collector (14) within the sunlight collection unit (9) to the solar booster battery (7). It is a conventional circulation system, preferably consisting of copper pipes, and is an integral part of the present invention. This unit, which is an inseparable part of the system, is shown as a representation. This system can be completely created with materials included in the state of the technique.

Wind Direction Blades (12)

Wind direction blades (12) direct the whole system towards the wind. These blades, which are at least two, are necessary to use the wind efficiently and are rigidly connected to the turn table. The whole system moves together on the turn table by means of the wind direction blades (12).

Alternator Protection Shield (13)

The alternator protection shield (13) is a cambered element that prevents the turbulence that may occur at the inlet of the alternator when the air accelerates in the horn venturi (2) and is directed towards the turbine (6) and ensures that the air enters the turbine (6) evenly. In principle, it is the same as the camber on the front of passenger aircraft engines.

The wind-solar chimney (1) developed with this invention is a completely open system.

The wind solar chimney (1), which is the subject of the application, primarily uses the lift force of the air in order to utilize from the fluid energy and sunlight. Basic design parameters in the development of the invention.

- Air speed,

- Sunlight collection area

The wind solar chimney (1), the general view of which is shown in figure 1, provides air flow through the wind-solar chimney (1) in order to use the lift force of the air stream and the heat energy of the sunlight due to its structure.

The basic working principle of the wind-solar chimney (1) can be explained as follows.

The solar booster battery (7) creates an upward air movement by means of heat and the aerodynamic cap (4) by means of suction. This resulting air movement causes horizontal air inlet at the wide inlet of the horn venturi (2).

The air entering the horn venturi (2) horizontally is directed vertically upwards at the narrower outlet, following the horn venturi (2) profile.

The vertically directed air transfers some of its kinetic energy to the turbine (6) as it passes over the turbine (6) blades. The energized turbine (6) turns the alternator (5) to which it is connected, and thus electrical energy is harvested. Continuing its upward movement, the air is distributed throughout the Diffuser (3). When it comes to the highest end of the diffuser (3), it is directed towards the outside air flow direction, again horizontally, by means of the directional guide vanes (8). As a result, the air passing through the wind-solar chimney (1) moves in the direction of the outside air again, passing through the openings on the aerodynamic cap (4).

The hot fluid circulating in the solar booster battery (7) is formed by circulating the heated fluid in the liquid circulation collector (14) within the sunlight collecting unit (9) through the fluid circulation system (11) . As part of the fluid recirculation system (11), the pipes entering the solar booster battery (7) vertically over the Wind-Solar Chimney (1) are coincident with the rotation axis of the Wind Solar Chimney (1).

The air movement mentioned here conforms to the principles of fluid dynamics. The boundary layer curve is shown in Figure 5. As can be seen, the natural air velocity, which is zero on the ground, increases as you go up. This shows us that the air movement reaching into the windsolar shaft (1) is compatible with the laws of physics.

The wind-solar chimney (1) has the following advantages with its design features:

- Operates with the wind alone

- Also works with sunlight alone

- Works by using wind and sunlight together

- By making the aerodynamic cap (4) profile more efficient with flap and slat modifications, the power of the system can be pulled upwards.