CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims priority to and the benefit under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 62/869,511, filed on July 1, 2019, entitled "WIRE TO BOARD CONNECTOR WITH LOW HEIGHT," which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

[0002] Wire to board electrical connectors allow the transfer of power and/or data signals between a printed circuit board (PCB) and other components of an electronic system. In one example, power may be provided to devices mounted on the circuit board by a wire to board connector that connects a power wire to a conductive power trace on a surface of the PCB. In another example, data may be provided to devices mounted on the circuit board by a wire to board connector that connects a data wire to a conductive data trace on a surface of the PCB.

BRIEF SUMMARY

[0003] Embodiments of a low profile wire to board connector are described. In accordance with some embodiments, an electrical connector may comprise an insulative housing comprising an opening for receiving a second connector, the opening being bounded by at least a first wall and a second wall of the insulative housing, and the first wall comprising at least one receiving portion configured to receive a projection from the second connector, and the second wall being transverse to the first wall, a plurality of conductive terminals attached to the first wall of the insulative housing and extending into the opening, and at least one locking tab attached to the second wall of the insulative housing. The at least one locking tab may comprise a compliant portion configured to engage a surface on the second connector when the second connector is inserted in the opening.

[0004] In accordance with some embodiments, an electrical connector may comprise an insulative housing, a plurality of conductive terminals supported by the insulative housing, and at least one spring supported by the insulative housing. The insulative housing may comprise an opening for receiving a second connector. The first connector may comprise a first retention feature for engaging the second connector at a first end of the opening and a second retention feature for engaging the second connector at a second end of the opening, with the first end offset from the second end in a first direction. The at least one spring may be configured to apply a force to the second connector in the first direction when the second connector is in the opening.

[0005] In accordance with some embodiments, a method of mating a cable connector with a board connector may comprise inserting the cable connector into a recess of the board connector along a first direction, securing the cable connector to the board connector at least in part by:

[0006] applying a spring force to the cable connector in a second direction at least partially opposite the first direction, and impeding movement of the cable connector in direction perpendicular to the second direction.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0007] FIG. 1A is a top perspective view of an electrical interconnect system 100 that includes a receptacle connector 120 and a plug connector 140, in accordance with some embodiments;

[0008] FIG. IB is a cross-sectional side view of the electrical interconnect system 100 of FIG. 1A, in accordance with some embodiments;

[0009] FIG. 2A is a perspective view of the electrical interconnect system 100 of FIGs. 1A- 1B in which the receptacle connector 120 is partially inserted into the plug connector 140, in accordance with some embodiments;

[0010] FIG. 2B is a perspective view of the electrical interconnect system 100 of FIGs. 1A- 1B, with receptacle connector 120 in an inserted, unsecured position with respect to plug connector 140, in accordance with some embodiments;

[0011] FIG. 2C is a perspective view of the electrical interconnect system 100 of FIGs. 1 A- 1B with receptacle connector 120 in a secured position with respect to plug connector 140, in accordance with some embodiments;

[0012] FIG. 2D is a side view of the electrical interconnect system 100 of FIGs. 1A-1B, in which the receptacle connector 120 is partially inserted into the plug connector 140 as illustrated in FIG. 2A, in accordance with some embodiments;

[0013] FIG. 2E is a side view of the electrical interconnect system 100 of FIGs. 1A-1B with receptacle connector 120 in the inserted, unsecured position illustrated in FIG. 2B, in accordance with some embodiments; [0014] FIG. 2F is a side view of the electrical interconnect system 100 of FIGs. 1A-1B with receptacle connector 120 in the secured position illustrated in FIG. 2C, in accordance with some embodiments;

[0015] FIG. 2G is a top view of the electrical interconnect system 100 of FIGs. 1A-1B with receptacle connector 120 in the secured position illustrated in FIG. 2C;

[0016] FIG. 2H is a side view of a cross-section of the electrical interconnect system 100 of FIGs. 1A-1B in which the receptacle connector 120 is partially inserted into the plug connector 140 as illustrated in FIG. 2A, in accordance with some embodiments;

[0017] FIG. 21 is a side view of a cross-section of the electrical interconnect system 100 of FIGs. 1A-1B with receptacle connector 120 in the secured position illustrated in FIG. 2C in the inserted, unsecured position illustrated in FIG. 2B, in accordance with some

embodiments;

[0018] FIG. 2J is a side view of a cross-section of the electrical interconnect system 100 of FIGs. 1A-1B with receptacle connector 120 in the secured position illustrated in FIG. 2C in the secured position illustrated in FIG. 2C, in accordance with some embodiments;

[0019] FIG. 3A is a bottom perspective view of the receptacle connector 120 of FIGs. 1 A- 1B, in accordance with some embodiments;

[0020] FIG. 3B is a zoomed view of the receptacle connector 120 of FIGs. 1A-1B, in accordance with some embodiments;

[0021] FIG. 3C is an exploded view of the receptacle connector 120 of FIGs. 1A-1B, illustrating the receptacle housing 130 separate from the receptacle terminals 122a and 122b and wires 104a and 104b, in accordance with some embodiments;

[0022] FIG. 3D is a side view of a cross-section of the receptacle connector 120 of FIGs. 1A- 1B through the insulated wire 104b and the receptacle terminal 122b, in accordance with some embodiments;

[0023] FIG. 4A is a top perspective view of a receptacle terminal 122 and an insulated wire 104 that may be included in the receptacle connector 120 of FIGs. 1 A- IB, in accordance with some embodiments;

[0024] FIG. 4B is a bottom perspective view of the receptacle terminal 122 of FIG. 4A, in accordance with some embodiments;

[0025] FIG. 5A is a top perspective view of the plug connector 140 of FIGs. 1A-1B, in accordance with some embodiments; [0026] FIG. 5B is an exploded view of the plug connector 140 of FIGs. 1A-1B, in accordance with some embodiments;

[0027] FIG. 5C is a side cross-sectional view of the plug connector 140 of FIGs. 1A-1B, in accordance with some embodiments;

[0028] FIG. 6 is a top perspective view of a spring tab 144 that may be included in the plug connector 140 of FIGs. 1A-1B, in accordance with some embodiments;

[0029] FIG. 7A is a top perspective view of an alternative electrical interconnect system 200 that includes a receptacle connector 220 and a plug connector 250, in accordance with some embodiments;

[0030] FIG. 7B is a side cross-sectional view of the electrical interconnect system 200 of FIG. 7A, in accordance with some embodiments;

[0031] FIG. 8A is a top perspective view of an electrical interconnect system 200a configured to connect two wires to a board, in accordance with some embodiments;

[0032] FIG. 8B is a top perspective view of an electrical interconnect system 200b

configured to connect four wires to a board, in accordance with some embodiments;

[0033] FIG. 8C is a top perspective view of an electrical interconnect system 200c configured to connect six wires to a board, in accordance with some embodiments;

[0034] FIG. 9A is a top perspective view of the electrical interconnect system 200 of FIGs. 7A-7B in which the receptacle connector 220 is partially inserted into the plug connector 250, in accordance with some embodiments;

[0035] FIG. 9B is a top perspective view of the electrical interconnect system 200 of FIGs. 7A-7B in which receptacle connector 220 is in a secured position in the plug connector 250, in accordance with some embodiments;

[0036] FIG. 9C is a side view of a cross-section Xi-Xi’ of the electrical interconnect system 200 of FIGs. 7A-7B in which the receptacle connector 220 is partially inserted into the plug connector 250, in accordance with some embodiments;

[0037] FIG. 9D is a side view of the cross-section Xi-Xi’ of electrical interconnect system 200 of FIGs. 7A-7B in which receptacle connector 220 is in the secured position, in accordance with some embodiments.

[0038] FIG. 9E is a top view of the electrical interconnect system 200 of FIGs. 7A-7B, in accordance with some embodiments; [0039] FIG. 9F is a side view of an alternative cross-section X2-X2’ of the electrical interconnect system 200 of FIGs. 7A-7B in which the receptacle connector 220 is partially inserted into the plug connector 250, in accordance with some embodiments;

[0040] FIG. 9G is a side view of the alternate cross-section X2-X2’ of the electrical interconnect system 200 of FIGs. 7A-7B in which receptacle connector 220 is in the secured position, in accordance with some embodiments;

[0041] FIG. 10A is a top perspective view of the receptacle connector 220b of FIG. 8B, in accordance with some embodiments;

[0042] FIG. 10B is partially-exploded view of the receptacle connector 220b of FIG. 8B in which the wire cover 290 is removed from the receptacle housing 230, in accordance with some embodiments;

[0043] FIG IOC is a top perspective view of the receptacle connector 220b of FIG. 8B, in accordance with some embodiments;

[0044] FIG. 10D is an enlarged view of the terminal lance slot 238a of the receptacle housing 230 shown in FIG. IOC, in accordance with some embodiments;

[0045] FIG. 10E is a side view of a cross-section of the receptacle connector 220b of FIG. 8B through the insulated wire 204b and the receptacle terminal 222b, in accordance with some embodiments;

[0046] FIG. 11 A is an exploded view of the receptacle connector 220b of FIG. 8B with the wire cover 290 removed, in accordance with some embodiments;

[0047] FIG. 1 IB is a perspective view of a receptacle terminal 222b and insulated wire 204b of the receptacle connector 220b of FIG. 8B, in accordance with some embodiments;

[0048] FIG. 12A is a side view of the receptacle terminal 222b shown in FIG. 1 IB, in accordance with some embodiments;

[0049] FIG. 12B is a top view of the receptacle terminal 222b shown in FIG. 1 IB, in accordance with some embodiments;

[0050] FIG. 13 A is a top perspective view of the plug connector 250b of FIG. 8B, in accordance with some embodiments;

[0051] FIG. 13B is an exploded view of the plug connector 250b of FIG. 8B, in accordance with some embodiments;

[0052] FIG. 13C is a side view of a cross-section of the plug connector 250b of FIG. 8B, in accordance with some embodiments; and [0053] FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a locking tab 254 that may be included in the plug connector 250b of FIG. 8B, in accordance with some embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] The inventors have recognized and appreciated design techniques for electrical connectors that enable wire to board (or cable to board) receptacle and plug connectors to occupy a small volume while providing reliable operation. Such connectors may have a height of 1 mm or less. Techniques as described herein may lead to compact connectors that resist unintentional unmating.

[0055] The inventors have recognized that small receptacle and plug connectors may be unintentionally unmated if pressure is applied to wires or cables that terminate at the receptacle connector. For example, if the wires or cables are pulled away from the plug connector, the receptacle may be removed from the plug connector. Wires may be pulled, for example, when the wires extend outside an electronic device. Wires attached to earbuds, for example, may extend out of a portable electronic device and may be unintentionally pulled in use.

[0056] In accordance with some embodiments, receptacle and plug connectors may be reliably secured to one another in a manner which reduces the risk of unintentionally unmating the receptacle connector from the plug connector. In some embodiments, a receptacle connector may be inserted into a recess of a plug connector along an insertion direction and a member within the plug connector may apply a spring force to the receptacle connector in a securing direction to secure the receptacle connector to the plug connector.

[0057] The forward edge of the receptacle connector, for example, may be inserted into the recess of the plug connector. In the illustrated embodiments, the forward edge of the receptacle connector mates with blade contacts of the plug connector. The rear edge of the receptacle connector may be shaped to interlock with a portion of the plug housing along a side opposite the blades of the plug. In this example, the securing direction is from the blades towards the opposite side of the plug connector. As a result, when the receptacle moves in the securing direction, features on the rear edge of the receptacle interlock with complementary features on the plug housing, preventing the receptacle from being lifted out of the recess in the plug. [0058] The spring force may be applied at least partially opposite the insertion direction and partially along a bottom surface of the recess, so as to secure the receptacle connector to the plug connector.

[0059] In some embodiments, a forward edge of a receptacle connector may be inserted into a recess of a plug connector along an insertion direction that is angled with respect to a mounting face of the plug connector. The receptacle may engage the plug connector at the forward edge of the receptacle connector. The forward edge of the receptacle connector may be inserted into the recess of the plug connector and mate with blade contacts of the plug connector. The front edge of the receptacle connector may be shaped to interlock with a portion of the plug housing along a portion having the blade contacts of the plug connector, thus impeding inadvertent upward removal of the receptacle connector from the plug connector.

[0060] Rear portions of the plug and/or receptacle connectors may further include features that impede inadvertent rearward removal of the receptacle connector. Securing the receptacle connector in the plug may entail rotating the receptacle connector about the engaged front edge such that the rear of the receptacle rotates towards the mounting face of the plug connector. Features at the rear of the receptacle and/or plug connectors may then engage so as to hold the receptacle connector in the plug connector.

[0061] In some embodiments, the features may include a member within the plug connector that engages the receptacle connector to secure the receptacle connector to the plug connector. The member may be a locking tab coupled to a side wall of the plug housing. A locking tab may have portions, which may be formed from a folded piece of metal, disposed over opposite sides of the side wall. At least one of the portions of the locking tab may be soldered to the board. This soldering may form at least a portion of the attachment of the plug connector to the board. Accordingly, the locking tab may be reliably secured to the board to provide adequate contact force for holding the receptacle connector in the plug connector and the plug connector to the board in the event the receptacle connector is inadvertently pulled upwards.

[0062] In some embodiments, the rear edge of the receptacle connector may include projections that engage with features at the rear of the plug connector when the receptacle connector slides rearward. As a result, a rearward sliding motion may secure the receptacle connector in the plug connector. A rearward sliding motion may be imparted by a spring member between the plug and the receptacle that is compressed upon insertion of the receptacle into the plug connector.

[0063] Turning to the figures, FIG. 1A is a top perspective view of an electrical interconnect system 100 including a receptacle connector 120 and a plug connector 140, in accordance with some embodiments. FIG. IB is a cross-sectional side view of the receptacle connector 120 and the plug connector 140.

[0064] For simplicity of description, mating connectors are identified as plug and receptacle based on the shape of their terminals. In this example, the receptacle connector has terminals with members that deflect to generate a contact force upon mating. Here, the deflecting members are opposing members that mate with a blade from the plug connector inserted between them. However, the description herein of mating and securing connectors to one another applies regardless of the shape of the terminals of those connectors. For example, plug connector 140 is shown mounted to a printed circuit board and receptacle connector 120 is shown terminating multiple wires. In other embodiments, a connector mounted to a board may have terminals shaped for a receptacle and a connector terminating a cable may have terminals shaped as blades. Alternatively, each connector may have some plug terminals and some receptacle terminals. Further, it is not a requirement that the plug terminals are rigid during mating. In some embodiments, both the plug and the receptacle terminals may deflect upon mating.

[0065] As shown in FIGs. 1A-1B, the plug connector 140 may be mounted to a board 102, which may be a printed circuit board in some embodiments. In this example, mounting is achieved by placing a mounting face of plug connector 140 on the board 102 and surface mount soldering the connector to the board. The receptacle connector 120 may terminate two insulated wires 104a and 104b. In the mated configuration shown in FIG. 1A, receptacle connector 120 and plug connector 140 may electrically connect conductors within insulated wires 104a and 104b with conductive pads (not shown) on the board 102. In some embodiments, the electrical interconnect system 100 may have a small form factor, such as less than 1 mm in height. Height may be measured relative to a surface of a substrate to which one of the connectors is mounted.

[0066] The receptacle connector 120 includes a receptacle housing 130, which may support receptacle terminals 122a and 122b, of which terminal 122a is shown in FIG. IB. The receptacle housing 130 may be formed using an insulative material such as plastic. The receptacle terminals 122a and 122b may be formed using a conductive material such as phosphor bronze. In FIG. IB, the receptacle terminal 122a may be attached to a conductor of the insulated wire 104a, with crimped portion 124a of receptacle terminal 122a holding the conductor. The conductor may be copper or other metal, in some embodiments, with or without plating, such as silver plating. Designs as described herein may be used in connection with small diameter wires. The conductors may have a diameter less than 32 AWG, in some embodiments. In other embodiments, the diameter may be smaller than 34 AWG, such as 36 AWG or 40 AWG, or smaller.

[0067] A terminal lance 126a of the receptacle terminal 122a may protrude into and, in the illustrated embodiment through, an opening in the receptacle housing 130 to prevent the receptacle terminal 122a from being removed from the receptacle housing 130 when the insulated wire 104a is pulled away from the receptacle housing 130. The terminal lance 126a may be shaped to slide along the bottom wall of the receptacle housing 130 when inserted into the receptacle housing 130. The receptacle terminal 122a is further illustrated in FIGs. 3C-3D and 4A-4B. In some embodiments, the receptacle connector 120 may have a height of 1 mm or less such that when the receptacle connector 120 is inserted into plug connector 140 the height of the mated connectors may be 1mm or less.

[0068] The plug connector 140 may include a plug housing 150, which may support plug terminals 142a and 142b and spring tabs 144a and 144b. The plug housing 150 may be formed using an insulative material such as plastic. The plug terminals 142a and 142b and the spring tabs 144a and 144b may be formed using a conductive material such as phosphor bronze, with or without plating to support surface mount soldering of the plug terminals to board 102. The plug terminals 142a and 142b may have blade contacts. As shown in FIG.

IB, the plug terminal 142a has a first portion 162a configured for surface mount soldering to a pad on the surface of the board 102 and a second portion 162b positioned to contact the receptacle terminal 122a when the receptacle connector 120 is inserted into the plug connector 140. The bottom surface of the plug housing 150 may have openings to allow the plug terminals 142a and 142b and the spring tabs 144a and 144b to be mounted (e.g., soldered) to conductive pads on the board 102, thereby securing the plug terminals 142a and 142b and the spring tabs 144a and 144b to the board 102.

[0069] In some embodiments, in addition to electrically coupling the plug terminals 142a and 142b to the board 102, securing the plug terminals 142a and 142b and the spring tabs 144a and 144b to the board 102 may mechanically secure the plug housing 150 to the board 102.

In the embodiment illustrated, each of the plug terminals 142a and 142b has a portion outside housing 150 configured for soldering to board 102 and a portion in an interior of plug housing 150 also for soldering. Between the two portions, the plug terminals engage a wall of housing 150, securing the housing to the board when the ends of the terminal are soldered to the board.

[0070] As shown in FIG. IB, the plug terminal 142a may electrically couple to the receptacle terminal 122a to a conductive pad on the surface of the board 102 such that a conductor of the insulated wire 104a, which is connected to receptacle terminal 122a is electrically connected to board 102. In some embodiments, the plug connector 140 may have a height of 1 mm or less.

[0071] In some embodiments, insulated wires 104a and 104b may have at least one electrical conductor 106 which may be surrounded by an insulator 108 (shown in FIGs.3C-3D and 4A- 4B). For example, the electrical conductor(s) 106 may include a pair of copper wires wrapped in plastic 108. In some embodiments, the wires may be AWG 36 or 40 wires. It should be appreciated that electrical interconnect systems described herein may be configured to support any number of wires.

[0072] FIGs. 2A-2J illustrate a method of mating the receptacle connector 120 with the plug connector 140 of the electrical interconnect system 100. FIGs. 2A-2C are top perspective views of the electrical interconnect system 100 as the receptacle connector 120 is inserted into and secured to the plug connector 140. FIGs. 2D-2F are side views of the electrical interconnect system 100 as the receptacle connector 120 is inserted into and secured to the plug connector 140. FIGs. 2H-2J are side views of a cross section of the electrical interconnect system 100 as the receptacle connector 120 is inserted into and secured to the plug connector 140. FIG. 2G is a top view of the electrical interconnect system 100, with the receptacle connector 120 secured in the plug connector 140, indicating the cross-section X-X shown in FIGs. 2H-2J.

[0073] As shown in FIGs. 2A, 2D, and 2H, the receptacle connector 120 may be inserted along an insertion direction 110 into the plug connector 140. The insertion direction 110 may make an acute angle with respect to the board 102, such as results from a forward end of receptacle connector 120 being inserted into the plug connector 140 with the receptacle connector 120 oriented with a greater distance between the insulated wires 104a and 104b and the board 102 than between the forward end of the receptacle connector 120 and the board 102. Insertion at an angle enables a projection from the receptacle connector 120 to extend under a feature of the plug housing 150, partially securing the receptacle connector 120 in the plug connector 140.

[0074] As shown in FIGs. 2A and 2D, the plug housing 150 includes a recess 152 that may be shaped to accommodate the receptacle housing 130. The recess 152 includes receiving portions 152a- 152c, which may be shaped to accommodate receptacle housing projecting portions 138a- 138c, respectively. The receiving portions 152a and 152b and the projecting portions 138a and 138b may be disposed on opposite sides of the slot 154 at the rear ends of the plug connector 140 and the receptacle connector 120, respectively. The receiving portions 152b-152c and the projecting portions 138b-138c are shown in FIGs. 2H-2J. As shown in FIGs. 2H-2J, the receiving portion 152c and the projecting portion 138c are disposed on the front ends of the plug connector 140 and the receptacle connector 120, respectively. As the receptacle connector 120 is inserted into the recess 152 of the plug connector 140, the projecting portion 138c may enter the receiving portion 152c, as shown in FIG. 2H.

[0075] Once the receptacle connector 120 has been inserted into the recess 152, the receptacle connector 120 may be rotated in direction 112 toward the board 102. The axis of rotation for the receptacle connector 120 may be established by engagement of the front of the receptacle connector 120 with the front wall of the plug housing 150 and may be perpendicular to the insertion direction 110. FIGs. 2B, 2E, and 21 show the electrical interconnect system 100 in an inserted, unsecured state after the receptacle connector 120 has been rotated in the direction 112. As shown in FIG. 21, for example, the projecting portion 138c is inserted into the receiving portion 152c, and the projecting portions 138a and 138b are not inserted into the receiving portions 152a and 152b.

[0076] Plug housing 150 may have a slot 154 in a rear wall of the plug housing 150 that accommodates the insulated wires 104a and 104b when the receptacle connector 120 is secured in the plug connector 140. The insulated wires 104a and 104b may be elongated in a direction that they extend through the slot 154.

[0077] As shown in FIGs. 2A-2C, while the receptacle connector 120 is inserted into the plug connector 140, at least one spring tab 144a of the plug connector 140 may apply a force to the receptacle connector 120. For example, a compliant portion 148a of the spring tab 144a may push (e.g., physically contact) the receptacle connector 120 in a securing direction 114 at least partially along the insertion direction 110, along a bottom surface of the recess 152 of the plug connector 140 to secure the receptacle connector 120 to the plug connector 140. The compliant portions 148a and 148b of the spring tabs 144a and 144b are shown in a depressed state in FIGs. 2A-2B, and in a relaxed state in FIG. 2C. The projecting portions 160a and 160b may be configured to secure the receptacle connector 120 when the spring tabs 144a and 144b push the receptacle connector along the bottom surface of the recess 152. The projecting portions 160a and 160b may be configured to impede movement in an upward direction away from the board 102. For example, the projecting portions 160a and 160b of the plug housing 150 may be positioned farther from the board 102 than the projecting portions 138a and 138b of the receptacle housing 130 when the receptacle connector 120 is secured to the plug connector 140. As shown in FIGs. 2H-2J, the projecting portion 152b is positioned above the receiving portion 152b in the upward direction away from the board 102. FIGs. 2C, 2F, and 2J show the electrical interconnect system 100 in an inserted, secured state. As shown in FIG. 2J, for example, the projecting portions 138a and 138b are inserted into the receiving portions 152a and 152b.

[0078] FIGs. 3A-3D further illustrate the receptacle connector 120 of FIGs. 1A-1B. FIG. 3A is a bottom perspective view of the receptacle connector 120. FIG. 3B is an enlarged view of a portion of the receptacle connector 120 illustrating engagement of a terminal 122a with the receptacle housing 130. As shown in FIGs. 3A-3B, the receptacle housing 130 includes slots 136, which may be shaped to secure the receptacle housing 130 to the terminal lances 126a and 126b of the receptacle terminals 122a and 122b. In FIGs. 3A-3B, the terminal lance 126a extends into a slot 136 on the bottom surface of the receptacle housing 130, blocking withdrawal of the terminal 122a from the receptacle housing 130. FIG. 3A further illustrates terminal slots 134a and 134b, which may be shaped to accommodate the plug terminals 142a and 142b when the receptacle connector 120 is inserted into the plug connector 140.

[0079] FIG. 3C is an exploded view of the receptacle connector 120 of FIGs. 1A-1B, illustrating the receptacle housing 130 separate from the receptacle terminals 122a and 122b and wires 104a and 104b. As shown in FIG. 3C, the receptacle terminals 122a and 122b may be inserted into terminal slots 134c and 134d of the receptacle housing 130 to form the receptacle connector 120. Also shown in FIG. 3C, the insulated wires 104a and 104b may include wire insulators 108a and 108b surrounding conductors 106a and 106b. FIG. 3D is a side view of a cross section of the receptacle connector 120 through the insulated wire 104b and the receptacle terminal 122b.

[0080] FIGS. 4A-4B further illustrate the receptacle terminals 122a and 122b of the receptacle connector 120 and the insulated wires 104a and 104b. FIG. 4A is a top perspective view of a receptacle terminal 122, which may be either of the receptacle terminals 122a and 122b in the receptacle connector 120, and an insulated wire 104, which may be either of the insulated wires 104a and 104b, in accordance with some embodiments. FIG. 4B is a bottom perspective view of the receptacle terminal 122 and the insulated wire 104. As shown in FIG. 4 A, crimped portions 124 of the receptacle terminal 122 are shown holding the conductor 106 and the wire insulator 108, respectively. The crimped portion around conductor 106a makes an electrical connection between the receptacle terminal 122a and the conductor 106a.

[0081] As shown in FIG. 4B, the receptacle terminal 122 includes first and second contact portions 128a and 128b shaped for contacting first and second sides of the receptacle contacts 142a and 142b of the plug connector 140, which may have blade contacts. The contact portions 128a and 128b may be compliant such that they exert a contact force on the plug contacts of the plug connector when the plug and the receptacle connectors are mated.

Contact portions 128a and 128b may include protrusions to increase the contact pressure at the mating interface. In one example, displacing the contact portions 128a and 128b by 0.06 mm may exert a pressure of 800 MPa on the contact portions 128a and 128b and generate a contact force of 0.58 N. Also shown in FIG. 4B, a terminal lance 126 may be cut from the bottom side of the receptacle terminal 122. Terminal lance 126 may be biased away from the bottom side such that it will spring outwards and engage a feature of the receptacle housing 130 to secure the receptacle terminal 122 to the receptacle housing 130.

[0082] FIGs. 5A-5C further illustrate the plug connector 140 of FIGs. 1A-1B. FIG. 5A is a top perspective view of the plug when the plug connector and the receptacle connectors are mated. The contact portions 228a and 229a may include protrusions to increase the contact pressure at the mating interface connector 140. FIG. 5B is an exploded view of the plug connector 140. FIG. 5C is a side cross-sectional view of the plug connector 140 through plug terminal 142a.

[0083] Spring tabs 144a and 144b in FIGs. 5A-5C are an example of a spring member applying a spring force to the receptacle connector 120 upon mating to urge the receptacle connector 120 in the securing direction 114 (FIG. 2F). In accordance with various embodiments, one or more spring members may be used. As shown in FIG. 5B, two spring tabs 144a and 144b are attached to opposite sides of the plug housing 150. For example, in FIG. 5B, the spring tabs 144a and 144b are attached to sides 151a and 151b of the plug housing 150 that are perpendicular to the wall 15 Id through which the plug terminals 142a and 142b extend (e.g. front wall 15 Id). [0084] The plug housing 150 may include openings 158a and 158b on the sides 151a and 151b, of which opening 158b is visible in FIGs. 5A-5B. Openings 158a and 158b may extend through the walls of plug housing such that the compliant portions 148a and 148b of the spring tabs 144a and 144b may extend into the opening of plug housing 150 that receives the receptacle connector. Accordingly, the compliant portions 148a and 148b may physically contact the receptacle connector 120 when the receptacle connector 120 is inserted into the plug connector 120. In the illustrated example, the compliant portions 148a and 148b of the spring tabs 144a and 144b are positioned alongside the plug terminals 142a and 142b, separated in the direction along which the plug terminals 142a and 142b are separated. In this position, the spring tabs 144a and 144b may be compressed when the forward end of the receptacle connector 120 is inserted into the plug housing 150 as shown in FIG. 2A and 2B. Spring force within the spring tabs 144a and 144b may then urge the receptacle connector 120 in the securing direction, as illustrated in FIG. 2C. The openings 158a and 158b may accommodate compression of the compliant portions 148a and 148b by allowing comers of the bends in the compliant portions 148a and 148b to move within the openings in the direction in which the compliant portions 148a and 148b are compressed.

[0085] Spring tabs 144a and 144b may be held in the plug housing 150 with one or more features. The spring tabs 144a and 144b may be held adjacent the front wall 15 Id of the plug housing 150 such that they are captured between the receptacle connector 120 and plug housing 150 upon insertion of the receptacle connector 120. Alternatively or additionally, coupling portions 146a and 146b of the spring tabs 144a and 144b may be clipped onto sides of walls 151a and 151b of the plug housing 150. The elongated portions (e.g., 147b in FIG. 5B) that connect the compliant portions 148a and 148b to the coupling portions 146a and 146b may be disposed outside of the openings 158a and 158b.

[0086] FIG. 6 is a top perspective view of a spring tab 144 that may be either of the spring tabs 144a and 144b of the plug connector 140, in accordance with some embodiments. FIG.

6 shows the coupling portions 146 and compliant portion 148 of the spring tab 144, with an elongated portion 147 connecting the coupling portions 146 to the compliant portion 148. In some embodiments, the spring tab 144 can generate force that urges the receptacle connector into a position in which it engages with a plug housing. In one example, displacing the compliant portion 148 by 0.3 mm exerts a pressure of 800MPa on the spring tab 144 and generates a contact force of 0.44 N. [0087] FIG. 7A is a top perspective view of an alternative electrical interconnect system 200 that includes a receptacle connector 220 and a plug connector 250, in accordance with some embodiments. FIG. 7B is a side cross-sectional view of the electrical interconnect system 200. Similar to the plug connector 140 of the electrical interconnect system 100, the plug connector 250 may be mounted to a board 202, such as by surface mount soldering, which may be a printed circuit board in some embodiments. In the embodiment of FIG. 7A, the receptacle connector 220 terminates twelve insulated wires, of which insulated wires 204a and 204b are labeled. In the mated configuration shown in FIG. 7A, the receptacle connector 220 and plug connector 250 may electrically connect conductors of the insulated wires to conductive pads (not shown) on the board 202. In some embodiments, the insulated wires shown in FIG. 7A may be configured in the manner described for the insulated wires 104a and 104b of FIGs. 1A-1B. In some embodiments, the electrical interconnect system 100 may have a small form factor, such as less than 1 mm in height.

[0088] Similar to the receptacle connector 120, the receptacle connector 220 includes a receptacle housing 230, which may be configured to support a receptacle terminal for each of the insulated wires, of which terminal 222a is shown in FIG. 2B. The receptacle housing 230 may be formed using an insulative material such as plastic. The receptacle terminals may be formed using a conductive material such as phosphor bronze. In one example, the receptacle terminals may be formed using phosphor bronze having a thickness between 0.75 mm and 0.2 mm, between 0.1 mm and 0.14 mm, such as 0.12 mm. In FIG. 7B, a conductor 206a of the insulated wire 204a may be mounted to the receptacle terminal 122a, with a crimped portion 224a of the receptacle terminal 222a holding the conductor 206a. The conductor 206a may be formed using copper in some embodiments. A terminal lance 226a of the receptacle terminal 122a may protrude into and, in the illustrated embodiment, through an opening in the receptacle housing 230 to prevent the receptacle terminal 222a from being removed from the receptacle housing 230 when the insulated wire 204a is pulled away from the receptacle housing 230. The terminal lance 226a may be shaped to slide along the top wall of the receptacle housing 230 when inserted into the receptacle housing 230. The receptacle terminal 222a is further illustrated in FIGs. 1 lA-1 IB and 12A-12B.

[0089] The receptacle connector 220 further includes a wire cover 290 disposed on the top side of the receptacle housing 230. In some embodiments, the wire cover 290 may be formed using an insulative material such as plastic. The wire cover 290 may include multiple wire slots configured to hold the insulated wires in place in the receptacle housing 230. The wire cover 290 is further illustrated in FIG. 10B. In some embodiments, the receptacle connector 220 may have a height of 1 mm or less.

[0090] Similar to the plug connector 140, the plug connector 250 includes a plug housing 270, which may be configured to support twelve plug terminals, of which the plug terminals 252a and 252b are labeled. In some embodiments, the plug connector 250 may have a height of 1 mm or less.

[0091] The plug housing 270 may be formed using an insulative material such as plastic.

The plug terminals may be formed using a conductive material such as phosphor bronze, with or without plating to support surface mount soldering of the plug terminals to the board 202. As shown in FIG. 7B, the plug terminal 252a has at least one first portion 262a configured for surface mount soldering to a pad on the surface of the board 202 and a second portion 262b positioned to contact the receptacle terminal 222a when the receptacle connector 220 is inserted into the plug connector 250. The plug terminals of the plug connector 250 may have blade contacts. The bottom surface of the plug housing 270 may have openings to allow the plug terminals to be mounted (e.g., soldered) to conductive pads on the board 202, thereby securing the plug terminals to the board 202. In the embodiment illustrated, each of the plug terminals 252a and 252b has a portion outside plug housing 270 configured for soldering to board 202 and a portion in an interior of plug housing 270 also for soldering. Between the two portions, the plug terminals engage a wall of housing 270, securing the housing 270 to the board 202 when the ends of the terminal are soldered to the board 202. In some embodiments, securing the plug terminals 252a and 252b to the board 202 may mechanically secure the plug housing 270 to the board 202. As shown in FIG. 7B, the plug terminal 252a may be configured for electrically coupling to the receptacle terminal 222a to electrically connect one or more conductive pads on the surface of the board 202 and a conductor of the insulated wire 204a.

[0092] In the embodiment of FIGs. 7A and 7B, the receptacle connector 220 may be secured in the plug housing 270 by engaging the front of the receptacle connector 220 with a front wall of the plug housing 270 at an acute angle with respect to the surface of the board 202 and then rotating the rear of the receptacle housing 230 into a recess of the plug housing 270. The rear of the receptacle connector 220 may engage features on the plug housing 270, securing the receptacle connector 220 in the plug connector 250. [0093] In the illustrated embodiment, the plug housing 270 supports locking tabs 254a and 254b. The locking tabs 254a and 254b may be formed using a compliant material. In some embodiments, the locking tabs 254a and 254b may be formed using an electrically conductive material such as phosphor bronze, with or without plating to support surface mounting of the locking tabs 254a and 254b to the surface of the board 202. In other embodiments, the locking tabs 254a and 254b may be formed using stainless steel or spring steel. The locking tabs 254a and 254b may each have multiple folded portions disposed over the sides of a wall of the plug housing 270. One or more of the folded portions may extend to the board 202 for mounting (e.g., soldering) to pad(s) on the surface of the board 202. In some embodiments, the locking tabs 254a and 254b may be soldered to the surface of the board 202 to

mechanically couple the housing 270 to the board 202. In some embodiments, the locking tabs 254a and 254b may be configured to electrically couple a structure of the plug connector 250 or the receptacle connector 220 to conductive pads on the surface of the board 202.

[0094] In some embodiments, the insulated wires may have at least one electrical conductor 206 which may be surrounded by an insulator 208 (shown in FIGs. 1 lA-1 IB, for example). The electrical conductor(s) 106 may include a pair of copper wires wrapped in plastic 108. Designs as described herein may be used in connection with small diameter wires. The conductors may have a diameter less than 32 AWG, in some embodiments. In other embodiments, the diameter may be smaller than 34 AWG, such as 36 AWG or 40 AWG or smaller.

[0095] Electrical interconnect systems described herein may be configured to support any number of cables and/or wires. For example, FIGs. 8A-8C show exemplary embodiments of electrical interconnect systems 200a- 200c configured to support different numbers of cables and/or wires using structures to secure the receptacle connector in the plug connector as described above in connection with FIGs. 7A and 7B. FIG. 8A is a top perspective view of an electrical interconnect system 200a configured to connect two wires to a board. FIG. 8B is a top perspective view of an electrical interconnect system 200b configured to connect four wires to a board. FIG. 8C is a top perspective view of an electrical interconnect system 200c configured to connect six wires to a board.

[0096] FIGs. 9A-9G illustrate a method of mating the receptacle connector 220 and the plug connector 250, with structures as described above in connection with FIGs. 7 A and 7B.

FIGs. 9A-9B are top perspective views of the electrical interconnect system 200 as the receptacle connector 220 is inserted into and secured in the plug connector 250. FIGs. 9C-9D are side views of a cross-section of the electrical interconnect system 200 as the receptacle connector 220 is inserted into and secured in the plug connector 250. FIGs. 9F-9G are side views of an alternative cross-section of the electrical interconnect system 200 as the receptacle connector 220 is inserted into and secured in the plug connector 250. FIG. 9E is a top view of the electrical interconnect system 200 indicating the cross sections Xi-Xi’ of FIGs. 9C-9D and X2-X2’ of FIGs. 9F-9G.

[0097] As shown in FIGs. 9 A, 9C, and 9F, a forward end of the receptacle connector 220 may be inserted along an insertion direction 210 into the plug connector 140. The insertion direction 210 may be similar to the insertion direction 110 described in connection with the electrical interconnect system 100. For example, the insertion direction 210 may make an acute angle with respect to the board 202, such as results from a forward end of the receptacle connector 220 being inserted into the plug connector 250 with the receptacle connector 220 oriented with a greater distance between the insulated wires and the board 202 than between the forward end of the receptacle connector 220 and the board 202. Insertion at an angle enables one or more projections from the receptacle connector 220 to extend under features of the plug housing 270, partially securing the receptacle connector 220 in the plug connector 250.

[0098] The plug terminals are shown in FIG. 9A (with plug terminal 252a labeled) separated from each other in a direction perpendicular to the insertion direction 210. As shown in FIGs. 9A and 9C, the plug housing 270 includes a recess 272 that may be shaped to accommodate the receptacle housing 230.

[0099] The receptacle housing 220 further includes one or more front projecting portions, such as front projections 240a-b, of which front projecting portion 240a is labeled in FIG. 9F. The receptacle housing 220 further includes features that engage complimentary features on the plug connector when the rear of the receptacle connector is pressed into the plug housing. In this example those features are located on sides of the receptacle connector near the rear. This features may be rear side projecting portions 240c-d, of which rear side projecting portion 240d is labeled in FIG. 9A.

[0100] The plug housing 270 further includes front receiving portions 284a-b, of which the front receiving portion 284a is labeled in FIG. 9F. and rear side projecting portions 282a-b, of which the rear side projecting portion 282b is labeled in FIG. 9A. The front receiving portions 284a-b of the plug housing 270 may be shaped to accommodate the front projecting portions 240a-b of the receptacle housing 230, respectively. The rear side projecting portions 282a-b of the plug housing 270 may be positioned to engage the rear housing projections 240c-d of the receptacle housing 230, respectively, and may form or be a portion be a portion of a rear wall of the plug housing. The rear side projecting portions 282a-b of the plug housing 270 and the rear side projecting portions 240c-d may be disposed on opposite sides of the slot 276 at the rear ends of the plug connector 250 and the receptacle connector 220, respectively.

[0101] As shown in FIG. 9F, the front projecting portion 240a of the receptacle housing 230 and the front receiving portion 284a of the plug housing 270 are disposed on front ends of the plug connector 250 and the receptacle connector 220, respectively. As the receptacle connector 220 is inserted into the recess 272 of the plug connector 250, the front projecting portion 240a may enter the front receiving portion 284a, as shown in FIGs. 9F-9G.

[0102] Once the receptacle connector 220 has been inserted into the recess 272 of the plug connector 250, the rear of the receptacle connector 220 may be rotated in direction 212 toward the board 202. The axis of rotation for receptacle connector 220 may be established by engagement of the front of the receptacle connector 220 with the front wall of the plug housing 270 and may be perpendicular to the insertion direction 210. FIGs. 9B, 9D, and 9G show the receptacle connector 220 secured in the plug connector 250 after the receptacle connector 220 has been rotated in direction 212.

[0103] The plug housing 170 may have and a slot 276 in the rear wall of the plug housing 270 that may be shaped to accommodate the insulated wires when the receptacle connector 220 is lowered into the plug connector 250. The insulated wires may be elongated and extend through the slot 276.

[0104] As shown in FIGs. 9A-9B, the receptacle connector 220 may be secured in the plug connector 250 by engagement of features on the receptacle connector 220 and on the plug connector 250. In this example, the plug connector 250 has at least one locking tab that is positioned to engage a surface on the receptacle connector 220 when the rear of the receptacle connector 220 is rotated into the plug connector 250. For example, the locking tabs 254a-b shown in FIGs. 9A-9B may engage locking ledges 242a-b of the receptacle housing 230, of which the locking ledge 242b is shown in FIG. 9A, to prevent the receptacle connector 220 from being rotated at least partially about the axis 212 out of the recess 272 of the plug connector 250. The locking ledges 242a-b of the receptacle housing 230 may latch onto compliant portions 258a-b of the locking tabs 254a-b to secure the receptacle connector 220 in the recess 272 of the plug connector 250. The rear side projecting portions 282a-b of the plug housing 270 may be configured to prevent the receptacle connector 220 from sliding out of the rear end of the recess 272 when the insulated wires are pulled in a rearward direction. The front projecting portions 240a-b of the receptacle housing 230 and the front receiving portions 284a-b of the plug housing 270 may be configured to impede movement of the receptacle connector 220 in an upward direction away from the board 202.

[0105] FIGs. 10A-10E further illustrate the receptacle connector 220b of FIG. 8B and 9A- 9G. FIG. 10A is a top perspective view of the receptacle connector 220b. As shown in FIG. 10A, the receptacle housing 230b further includes terminal lance slots, of which terminal lance slot 238a is labeled, which may be configured to engage terminal lances of the receptacle contacts, as described herein. Also shown in FIG. 10A is the locking ledge 242b, which may be configured to engage a locking tab of the plug connector 250b when the receptacle connector 220b is inserted into the plug connector 250b. Such a ledge may be formed by forming a recess into a plane of the side wall of the receptacle housing 230 above the ledge or by a projection from the plane of the side wall below the ledge. In the illustrated embodiment, the ledge is formed by a recess into the wall above the ledge. A bottom side of the locking ledge 242b has a rounded edge that may glide over the locking tab when the receptacle connector 220b is inserted into the plug connector 250b, and the top side of the locking ledge 242b is substantially flat to prevent the top side from inadvertently gliding over the locking tab when the receptacle connector 220b is secured in the plug connector 250b and an upward force is exerted on the receptacle connector 220b.

[0106] FIG. 10B is partially-exploded view of the receptacle connector 220b in which the wire cover 290b is removed from the receptacle housing 230b. As shown in FIG. 10B, the wire cover 290b includes projections 292 and wire slots 294. The projections 292 may be configured to enter wire cover slots 234 on the side walls of the receptacle housing 230b to secure the wire cover 290b to the receptacle housing 230b. The wire slots 294 may be shaped to accommodate the insulated wires. With the wire cover 290b removed, the crimped portions (e.g., 224a) of the receptacle terminals are shown holding the insulated wires.

[0107] FIG IOC is a top perspective view of the receptacle connector 220b. FIG. IOC shows the front projecting portions 240a-b and the rear side projecting portions 240c-d of the receptacle housing 230b. FIG. IOC also shows terminal slots in the front wall of the receptacle housing 230b, of which the terminal slot 236a is labeled. The terminal slots may be shaped to accommodate the plug terminals of the plug connector 250b when the receptacle connector 220b is inserted into the plug connector 250b such that the receptacle terminals can electrically couple to the plug terminals. FIG. IOC also shows the terminal lance slots. FIG. 10D is an enlarged view of a portion of the receptacle connector 220b illustrating engagement of a terminal 222a with the receptacle housing 230b. In FIG. 10D, the terminal lances 226a and 227a of the receptacle terminal 222a extend into the terminal lance slot 238a on the top surface of the receptacle housing 230b, blocking withdrawal of the terminal 222a from the receptacle housing 230b.

[0108] FIG. 10E is a side view of a cross-section of the receptacle connector 220b through the insulated wire 204b and the receptacle terminal 222b. The cross-section shown in FIG. 10E includes one side of the receptacle terminal 222b, including part of the crimped portions 224b and 225b, one of the terminal lances 226b, and one of the contact portions 228b. As shown in FIG. 10E, the insulated wires may include a conductor (e.g., 206b of insulated wire 204b).

[0109] FIGs. 11A-11B and 12A-12B further illustrate the receptacle terminals of the receptacle connector 220b of FIG. 8B. FIG. 11 A is an exploded view of the receptacle connector 220b of FIG. 8B with the wire cover 290 removed, in accordance with some embodiments. FIG. 1 IB is a perspective view of the receptacle terminal 222a and the insulated wire 204 of the receptacle connector 220. The receptacle terminal 222b includes terminal lances 226b and 227b and contact portions 228b and 229b. The terminal lances 226b and 227b may be configured to engage the terminal lance slots of the receptacle housing 230. The terminal lances 226b and 227b may be cut from the contact portions 228b and 229b. The terminal lances 226b and 227b may be biased away from the top side such that they will spring outwards and engage a feature of the receptacle housing 230b to secure the receptacle terminal 222b to the receptacle housing 230b.

[0110] As shown in FIGs. 11A-11B, the insulated wire 204b includes a conductor 206b and an insulator 208b. Also shown in FIGs. 1 lA-1 IB, crimped portions 224b may be configured to hold the insulator 208b, and crimped portions 225b may be configured to hold the conductor 206b. The crimped portions 225b may electrically couple to the conductor 206b. The crimped portions 225b around the conductor 206b make an electrical connection between the receptacle terminal 222b and the conductor 206b.

[0111] As shown in FIG. 11 A, the crimped portions 224a and 224b of adjacent receptacle terminals 222a and 222b may be offset from one another in the direction in which the receptacle terminals 222a and 222b are elongated. The crimped portions 225a of the receptacle terminal 222a may be positioned adjacent the crimped portions 224b of the receptacle terminal 222b. The crimped portions 224a may be wider than the crimped portions 225b, such that the offset between the crimped portions 224a and 224b and the positioning of the crimped portions 224a adjacent the crimped portions 225b may reduce a combined width of the receptacle terminals, thereby reducing a width of the receptacle connector 220b. The wire slots 294 of the wire cover 290b may be shaped to accommodate the offset-positioned crimped portions 224a and 224b of the receptacle terminals 222a and 222b.

[0112] The contact portions 228b and 229b may be configured to electrically couple to a plug terminal of the plug connector 250b when the receptacle connector 220b is inserted into the plug connector 250b. In some embodiments, the contact portions 228b and 229b may be compliant such that they exert a contact force on the plug contacts of the plug connector 250b when the plug connector and the receptacle connectors are mated. The contact portions 228a and 229a may include protrusions to increase the contact pressure at the mating interface. In one example, displacing the contact portions 228b and 229b by 0.06 mm exerts a pressure of 1,000 MPa on the contact portions 228b and 229b an and a slot 276 in the rear wall of the plug housing 270 that may be shaped to accommodate the insulated wires when the receptacle connector 220 is lowered into the plug connector 250. The insulated wires may be elongated and extend through the slot 276. d generates a contact force of 0.59 N.

[0113] FIG. 12A is a side view of the receptacle terminal 222b. FIG. 12B is a top view of the receptacle terminal 222b shown in FIG. 1 IB.

[0114] FIGs. 13A-13C further illustrate the plug connector 250b of FIG. 8B. FIG. 13A is a top perspective view of the plug connector 250b. FIG. 13A shows the front receiving portion 284a, the rear side projecting portions 282a-b, and the receiving slot 276 in the rear wall 271c of the plug housing 270b, and the locking tabs 254a-b disposed over the side walls of the plug housing 270b. FIG. 13B is an exploded view of the plug connector 250b of FIGs. 7A-7B. In FIG. 13B, the plug terminals and the locking tabs 254a-b are removed from the plug housing 270b to show the terminal slots 274 and the locking tab slots 280a-b of the plug housing 270b, which may be configured to hold the plug terminals and the locking tabs 254a-b.

[0115] FIG. 13C is a side view of a cross-section of the plug connector 250b through the plug terminal 252b. As shown in FIG. 13C, the locking tab 254a includes coupling portions 256a- b and a compliant portion 258. The coupling portions 256a-b may fold over a side of a side wall 271a of the plug housing 270b and attach to protrusions from the side wall 271a of plug housing 270b that extend into slots in coupling portions 256a-b. The coupling portions 256a- b may each form U shape, fitting over two sides of the side wall 217a.

[0116] The compliant portion 258 may align with a recess 272 of the plug housing 270b, such that the compliant portion 258 may be pressed into side walls (e.g., 271b) of the plug housing 270b to provide clearance for the receptacle connector 220b when inserted into the plug connector 250b. When the receptacle connector 220b is inserted, compliant portion 258 may spring back, engaging a ledge 242a or 242b on the receptacle connector 220b.

[0117] In the illustrated embodiment, the compliant portion 258 is“M” shaped. The M shape may provide a suitable flexibility/rigidity to the compliant portion 258 to enable easy insertion of the receptacle connector 220b into the plug housing 270b while sufficient retention force to prevent inadvertent release of the receptacle connector 220b from the plug housing 270b over a range of operating conditions.

[0118] FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a locking tab 254, which may be either of the locking tabs 254a-b of the plug connector 250b, in accordance with some embodiments. As shown in FIG. 14, the locking tab 254 includes coupling portions 256a and 256b and the compliant portion 258. The locking tab 254 further includes a mounting portion 260 that may be mounted (e.g., soldered) to a pad of the board 202. When the compliant portion 258 engages a locking projection of the receptacle housing 230b, the coupling portions 256a and 256b may hold the receptacle housing 230b to the plug housing 270b, and the mounting portion 260 may hold the receptacle housing 230 and the plug housing 270b to the board 202. In one example, displacing the compliant portion 258 by 0.08 mm may exert a pressure of 900 MPa and generate a contact force of 2.7 N.

[0119] Having thus described several aspects of at least one embodiment of this invention, it is to be appreciated that various alterations, modifications, and improvements will readily occur to those skilled in the art.

[0120] For example, in the illustrated embodiments, two wires are terminated in a receptacle connector. A person of skill in the art will appreciate that variations of such a connector may be made. The cables, for example, may be terminated by a plug connector. A connector with receptacle terminals may be mounted to a board. Likewise, more or fewer wires may be terminated by a connector.

[0121] As another example, a connector was described as terminating insulated wires 104a and 104b with a single conductor each. In other embodiments, the wires may have other configurations, such as coaxial or twin-axial cables. In some embodiments, the insulated wires 104a and 104b or electrical cables may include another conductor (e.g., a ground and/or shielding conductor) surrounding the wires or cables.

[0122] As a further example, a wire cover is shown as a separate piece with features that engage the receptacle housing to hold the cover in place. A cover alternatively or

additionally may be formed by insert molding material around the wires.

[0123] Such alterations, modifications, and improvements are intended to be part of this disclosure, and are intended to be within the spirit and scope of the invention. Further, though advantages of the present invention are indicated, it should be appreciated that not every embodiment of the invention will include every described advantage. Some embodiments may not implement any features described as advantageous herein and in some instances. Accordingly, the foregoing description and drawings are by way of example only.

[0124] Various aspects of the present invention may be used alone, in combination, or in a variety of arrangements not specifically discussed in the embodiments described in the foregoing and is therefore not limited in its application to the details and arrangement of components set forth in the foregoing description or illustrated in the drawings. For example, aspects described in one embodiment may be combined in any manner with aspects described in other embodiments.

[0125] Also, the invention may be embodied as a method, of which an example has been provided. The acts performed as part of the method may be ordered in any suitable way. Accordingly, embodiments may be constructed in which acts are performed in an order different than illustrated, which may include performing some acts simultaneously, even though shown as sequential acts in illustrative embodiments.

[0126] Use of ordinal terms such as“first,”“second,”“third,” etc., in the claims to modify a claim element does not by itself connote any priority, precedence, or order of one claim element over another or the temporal order in which acts of a method are performed, but are used merely as labels to distinguish one claim element having a certain name from another element having a same name (but for use of the ordinal term) to distinguish the claim elements.

[0127] All definitions, as defined and used herein, should be understood to control over dictionary definitions, definitions in documents incorporated by reference, and/or ordinary meanings of the defined terms.

[0128] The indefinite articles“a” and“an,” as used herein in the specification and in the claims, unless clearly indicated to the contrary, should be understood to mean“at least one.” [0129] As used herein in the specification and in the claims, the phrase“at least one,” in reference to a list of one or more elements, should be understood to mean at least one element selected from any one or more of the elements in the list of elements, but not necessarily including at least one of each and every element specifically listed within the list of elements and not excluding any combinations of elements in the list of elements. This definition also allows that elements may optionally be present other than the elements specifically identified within the list of elements to which the phrase“at least one” refers, whether related or unrelated to those elements specifically identified.

[0130] The phrase“and/or,” as used herein in the specification and in the claims, should be understood to mean“either or both” of the elements so conjoined, i.e., elements that are conjunctively present in some cases and disjunctively present in other cases. Multiple elements listed with“and/or” should be construed in the same fashion, i.e.,“one or more” of the elements so conjoined. Other elements may optionally be present other than the elements specifically identified by the“and/or” clause, whether related or unrelated to those elements specifically identified. Thus, as a non-limiting example, a reference to“A and/or B”, when used in conjunction with open-ended language such as“comprising” can refer, in one embodiment, to A only (optionally including elements other than B); in another embodiment, to B only (optionally including elements other than A); in yet another embodiment, to both A and B (optionally including other elements); etc.

[0131] As used herein in the specification and in the claims,“or” should be understood to have the same meaning as“and/or” as defined above. For example, when separating items in a list,“or” or“and/or” shall be interpreted as being inclusive, i.e., the inclusion of at least one, but also including more than one, of a number or list of elements, and, optionally, additional unlisted items. Only terms clearly indicated to the contrary, such as“only one of’ or“exactly one of,” or, when used in the claims,“consisting of,” will refer to the inclusion of exactly one element of a number or list of elements. In general, the term“or” as used herein shall only be interpreted as indicating exclusive alternatives (i.e.“one or the other but not both”) when preceded by terms of exclusivity, such as“either,”“one of,”“only one of,” or “exactly one of.”“Consisting essentially of,” when used in the claims, shall have its ordinary meaning as used in the field of patent law.

[0132] Also, the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. The use of“including,”“comprising,” or“having,” “containing,”“involving,” and variations thereof herein, is meant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof as well as additional items.