Background

The present disclosure relates to a workbench system. In particular, it is directed to a workbench system suitable for use in a laboratory facility or the like.

The present application claims priority to United Kingdom patent application No. 2201481 .5, the entire contents of which is hereby incorporated by reference. This application discloses a further workbench system, focusing on the location of a robotic arm for a collaborative robot (robots which operate at low enough peak forces which allow them to work safely alongside people). The present disclosure can be applied to the workbench system as disclosed in this application.

In such an environment, the ability to move samples is particularly important. This may be for example to move samples around a single workbench - such as during a processing step. In further examples, the sample may need to be moved between multiple workbenches such as where different processing is carried out at different work stations on different workbenches.

Existing systems include trolleys running on tracks. Such systems require connection between any adjacent tracks to allow movement across different workbenches. This introduces a potential failure location and makes it more complicated to change the overall set-up of a system.

WO 2013/064662 A1 discloses a laboratory sample distribution system. An array of static electromagnets is selectively provided with an electric current in order to move a sample around a surface. A large number of electromagnets is required to cover the entire surface. It is therefore difficult to scale this system. The laboratory stations are spaced away from the transport plane, leading to a system with a large footprint that does not operate as a workbench.

WO 2010/085670 A1 discloses a transport system powered by short block linear synchronous motors. The rail system on which objects are moved restricts the available movement of the system. WO 2015/042409 A1 discloses a transport system comprising a guideway having a plurality of regions in which one or more vehicles are propelled. Again, a large number of fixed propulsion coils are provided which are selectively activated to drive movement.

US 5 477 788 A discloses a magnetic levitating apparatus. Electromagnets are provided above an object to be levitated and attract the object to thereby levitate it. The levitated object moves along guide rails to transport this. The levitated object can therefore only be moved along these guide rails. Again, a large number of magnets are required, and this system is difficult to quickly scale.

Summary

A workbench system is provided according to claim 1 . This system allows for effective movement of a sample around a workbench for processing. The system can be easily scaled by adjusting the size of the magnetic conveyor system without the need for more magnets. Further, the provision of the work surface and transport layer at different levels provides a simple modular system with a minimised footprint.

The first workbench may further comprise a mounting for a robotic arm. This allows for an arm to be attached for further automation of the workbench system.

The workbench system may further comprise a robotic arm for moving a sample between the transport layer and the work surface. This allows for further automation of the workbench system. This robotic arm may be on a mounting on the first workbench, or any other suitable arrangement.

The magnetic conveyor system may be configured to move the coupling element in both the x direction and the y direction. This can increase the available movement of the sample around the workbench. In the broadest sense a sample moving in a single direction provides an operable system but movement in multiple directions further increases the flexibility of the system - particularly in handling multiple shuttle carriers on a transport surface as they can move around each other.

The coupling element may comprise a coupling magnet for magnetic coupling through the transport surface in use with a shuttle carrier on the transport surface. The coupling magnet may be a permanent magnet or an electromagnet. In alternatives, the coupling element may have one or more magnetic regions.

The coupling element may comprise a plurality of coupling magnets for magnetic coupling through the transport surface with a shuttle carrier on the transport surface. For example this may be with one or more shuttle magnets. Multiple coupling magnets may allow for a stronger magnetic coupling as well as providing additional flexibility which may be used, for example, in handover of a shuttle carrier between adjacent workbenches.

The or each coupling magnet may be a permanent magnet. Permanent magnets may be easier to incorporate into a system as well as using less power.

The coupling element may be selectively engageable and disengageable with a shuttle carrier on the transport surface. For example, this may be with one or more shuttle magnets. Engaging means being in magnetic coupling, and disengaged means not being in magnetic couple. Disengaging may also be referred to as decoupling. This may allow the shuttle carrier to be effectively picked up and dropped off at different positions on the transport surface. This may allow, for example, multiple shuttle carriers to be moved about a single transport surface. This could be achieved by selectively providing an electric current to an electromagnet or by vertical movement of a magnet as discussed further below.

The magnetic conveyor system may further comprise an actuation system configured to move the coupling element in a z direction towards and away from the transport surface, the z direction being perpendicular to the x direction and the y direction, for engaging and disengaging the coupling element and a shuttle carrier on the transport surface. This may be an effective way to engage and disengage a permanent magnet or an electromagnet without having to remove the electric current.

The magnetic conveyor system may further comprise an actuation system configured to rotate the coupling element about a z direction, the z direction perpendicular to the x direction and the y direction. This actuation system may be the same as the actuation system discussed above in relation to the z movement. For example, the actuation system may comprise one or more actuators which result in this rotational movement. Alternatively, this may be entirely separate to the actuation system of the z movement. Rotating the coupling element leads to rotation of the shuttle carrier which may further increase the flexibility of the system and allow for passing of shuttle carriers between workbenches around a bend.

The magnetic conveyor system may comprise a first rail and a second parallel rail, arranged at opposite edges of the transport surface, and a third rail extending between the first rail and the second rail, wherein: the third rail is configured to move along the first and second rails to move the coupling element in the x direction; and the coupling element is configured to move along the third rail to move in the y direction. This is also known as gantry XY and may be an effective system to move the coupling element across an entire underside of the transport layer.

The coupling element may further comprise an identification reader arranged to read identification information through the transport surface of a shuttle carrier carried on the transport surface. This allows information such as the identity of a shuttle carrier to be checked, further allowing for a more autonomous system.

The transport surface may comprise a handover region, wherein the handover region is reachable for moving a sample between the transport surface and the work surface. The handover region may provide an area of the transport surface which can be accessed by the robotic arm, this provides a defined region for stationary shuttle carriers to be placed. This keeps stationary shuttle carriers away from moving shuttle carriers.

The handover region may be reachable by the robotic arm in examples where this is present for moving a sample between the transport surface and the work surface.

The workbench system may further comprise an anchoring system for retaining a shuttle carrier in the handover region of the transport surface. The anchoring system may hold a shuttle carrier in place to ensure that it does not drift away from its intended position.

The handover region may be adjacent to an edge of the transport surface. Such a handover region may be more easily accessible by a user and/or a robotic arm.

The transport layer may be at a level below the work surface. This allows the transport layer to be put out of the way. For example, in a collaborative workspace the work surface may be at a level for easy user interaction with the transport layer below at a level that is not convenient for users to access.

The workbench system may further comprise an auxiliary conveyor system for moving a shuttle carrier on the transport surface. This auxiliary conveyor system may be generally the same as the magnetic conveyor system. Alternatively, it may be different such as a conveyor or conveyor belt. This auxiliary conveyor system may be responsible for transferring shuttle carriers between workbenches.

The workbench system may further comprise: a second workbench adjacent to the first workbench, the second workbench having a work surface and a transport layer at a different level to the work surface, wherein the transport layer of the second workbench comprises: a transport surface for supporting a shuttle carrier for carrying one or more samples, the transport surface defining a plane with an x direction and a perpendicular y direction; a magnetic conveyor system arranged below the transport surface, comprising a coupling element for magnetic coupling through the transport surface with a shuttle carrier on the transport surface via magnetic force through the transport surface, the magnetic conveyor system configured to move the coupling element in the x direction and/or the y direction. Adjacent workbenches such as these allow for sharing of the transport layer so as to allow movement of shuttle carriers and hence samples between workbenches which may include one or more work stations for processing of the sample.

The workbench system may further comprise a shuttle carrier for carrying one or more samples, the shuttle carrier comprising a plurality of shuttle magnetic regions. Each magnetic region may be a magnet itself (permanent or electromagnet). Alternatively, each magnetic region may only be a magnetic material. Having a plurality of shuttle magnetic regions may increase the magnetic coupling strength, as well as possibly facilitating passing of the shuttle carrier between transport layers of adjacent workbenches.

The plurality of shuttle magnets may comprise a first magnet at a first end of the shuttle carrier and a second magnet at a second end of the shuttle carrier, the second end opposite to the first end. This may allow magnets of the shuttle carrier to overhang the transport layer of a given workbench so as to allow passing to a second workbench. For example, the shuttle carrier may be substantially rectangular with each shuttle magnet arranged at a corner of the shuttle carrier. Each shuttle magnetic region may comprise a shuttle magnet. That is, each shuttle magnetic region may be a magnet. Or a single magnet may be shared between regions. Using shuttle magnets can result in a stronger magnetic coupling, particularly if the coupling element also includes coupling magnets.

The robotic arm may comprise an alignment protrusion and the shuttle carrier may further comprise a complementary alignment surface, the alignment protrusion arranged to engage the complementary alignment surface to move the shuttle carrier in the x direction and/or the y direction. This allows the system to take advantage of the selective compliance of the coupling element and shuttle carrier to ensure correct alignment of the robotic arm and shuttle carrier.

The alignment surface may be a chamfered surface. This is a simple way to achieve the alignment.

The shuttle carrier may further comprise a sample-receiving surface supported by a biasing member, the biasing member biasing the sample-receiving surface in in a z direction away from the transport surface, the z direction perpendicular to the x direction and the y direction. This further allows for alignment in the z direction when picking up a sample from the shuttle carrier.

A method of transporting a sample is provided according to claim 26. This method allows a sample to be effectively moved about a workbench.

The workbench system may further comprise a robotic arm for moving a sample between the transport layer and the work surface, and the method may further comprise the step of picking up the sample with the robotic arm. This allows for further automation of the workbench system.

A method of passing a shuttle carrier for carrying one or more samples between a first workbench and a second workbench adjacent to the first workbench is provided according to claim 28. This method provides an effective way to pass a shuttle carrier between adjacent workbenches, so as to provide a flow of samples through the workbench system. Each magnetic region may be a magnet. Between step ii and iii, there may be the additional step of disengaging the shuttle carrier from the coupling element of the first workbench. In other examples the engagement of the first magnetic region of the shuttle carrier with the coupling element of the second workbench may be sufficiently strong to overcome the engagement of the shuttle carrier with the coupling element of the first workbench.

In step ii, the coupling element can move the shuttle carrier to a position where the shuttle carrier overhangs the edge of the transport surface of the first workbench with at least a first magnetic region of the plurality of shuttle magnetic regions above the transport surface of the second workbench. This means that the shuttle carrier is at least partially above the second transport surface and hence can easily be magnetically coupled to the second coupling element. In alternatives, the coupling element may move the shuttle carrier near to the edge and the coupling element of the second workbench can magnetically couple to the shuttle carrier from here.

The plurality of shuttle magnetic regions may comprise a first shuttle magnetic region and a second shuttle magnetic region. Step i may then correspond to engaging the first shuttle magnetic region of the shuttle carrier with the first coupling magnetic region of the coupling element of the first workbench and the second shuttle magnetic region of the shuttle carrier with the second coupling magnetic region of the coupling element of the first workbench. The method may further comprise, between step i and step ii, the steps of: i-1 . moving the coupling element of the first workbench to move the shuttle carrier to a position where the shuttle carrier is adjacent the edge of the transport surface of the first workbench; i-2. disengaging the first shuttle magnetic region of the shuttle carrier from the first coupling magnetic region of the coupling element of the first workbench and the second shuttle magnetic region of the shuttle carrier from the second coupling magnetic region of the coupling element of the first workbench; i-3. moving the coupling element away from the edge of the transport surface of the first workbench; and i-4. engaging the second shuttle magnetic region of the shuttle carrier with the first coupling magnetic region of the coupling element of the first workbench. This may mean that full engagement of the shuttle carrier is achieved for normal movement, followed by a back-and-forth movement of the coupling element to pass the shuttle carrier to the adjacent workbench. The plurality of shuttle magnetic regions may comprise a first shuttle magnetic region and a second shuttle magnetic region. Step iii may then correspond to engaging the first shuttle magnetic region of the shuttle carrier with the second coupling magnetic region of the coupling element of the second workbench. The method may further comprise, between step iii and step iv, the steps of: iii-1 . Moving the coupling element of the second workbench to move the shuttle carrier to a position where the shuttle carrier is adjacent an edge of the transport surface of the second workbench; iii-2. disengaging the first shuttle magnetic region of the shuttle carrier from the second coupling magnetic region of the coupling element of the second workbench; iii-3. moving the coupling element towards the edge of the transport surface of the second workbench; and iii-4. engaging the first shuttle magnetic region of the shuttle carrier with the first coupling magnetic region of the coupling element of the second workbench and the second shuttle magnetic region of the shuttle carrier with the second coupling magnetic region of the coupling element of the second workbench.

The first shuttle magnetic region may be provided at a first end of the shuttle carrier and the second shuttle magnetic region may be provided at a second end of the shuttle carrier, the second end opposite to the first end. This may make it simple to have a magnet overhanging the work surface of the first workbench and thereby simplify the handover process. For example, the shuttle carrier may be substantially rectangular with each magnet arranged at a corner of the shuttle carrier. There may be a plurality of first magnets and/or a plurality of second magnets.

Each coupling element may comprise a plurality of coupling magnetic regions; and at steps i and iv each of the shuttle magnetic regions may be engaged with a corresponding coupling magnetic region. This may allow for a strong magnetic coupling in normal movement of the shuttle carrier across the respective work surface.

Each magnetic region may comprise a magnet. Magnets can result in a strong attachment between the shuttle carrier and coupling element.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The present description will make reference to the accompanying drawings, by way of example only, in which:

Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a workbench system with a single workbench; Figure 2 shows a perspective view of a workbench system including a plurality of workbenches;

Figure 3 shows a top schematic view of a transport layer of a workbench system;

Figure 4 shows a side schematic view of a workbench system;

Figures 5A to 5H sequentially show a side schematic view of a transport layer of a first workbench in a handover process to a transport layer of a second workbench;

Figure 6 shows a perspective view of a robotic arm picking up a sample tray from a sample carrier;

Figure 7 shows an expanded perspective view of a robot arm engaging a sample carrier; and

Figures 8A to 8E sequentially show a side schematic view of a robotic arm picking up a sample tray from a shuttle carrier.

Detailed Description

A first workbench 1 which may form a part of a workbench system is shown in Figure 1 . A side schematic view of this workbench is also shown in Figure 4. The workbench system can be formed of a plurality of workbenches 1 such as shown in Figure 2.

The workbench 1 may have a framework 2 made, as in the current Figures, of a number of hollow square tubes which form the main structure of the workbench and provide support for a number of the features described below. However, any adequately sized material and frame design to sustain the mechanical stresses of the system can be used.

The workbench 1 comprises a work surface 3. This work surface may be at a height to allow easy access for a user standing on a free side of the workbench. An opposite side to the free side may be pushed back against a wall, other equipment or another workbench 1 as the workbench 1 is not designed to be accessed by a user from that side. The user may manipulate objects, such as samples on the work surface 3. This allows, for example, laboratory processes to be carried out to samples on the work surface 3.

The workbench 1 further comprises a transport layer 4. The transport layer 4 is at a different level to the work surface 3. That is, the transport layer 4 and the work surface 3 are vertically offset from one another. In particular examples, such as shown in the present Figures, the transport layer 4 may be at a level below the work surface 3. By below, it means that in use the transport layer 4 is closer to the ground than the work surface 3. Of course, alternative arrangements are also envisioned such as having the transport layer 4 above the work surface 3.

The transport layer 4 will be described in more detail below, but essentially the transport layer 4 acts to allow a shuttle carrier 7 to be moved around the workbench 1 . The shuttle carrier 7 can support one or more samples. For example, the shuttle carrier 7 may have one or more recesses or cavities for receiving a container such as a vial or a test tube. The shuttle carrier 7 may also be referred to as a rack.

A robotic arm 10 may be provided with the workbench system. The workbench 1 may comprise a mounting for the robotic arm 10. This robotic arm 10 may be mounted to a workbench 1 in the workbench system. Alternatively, the robotic arm 10 may be freestanding or attached to a further component or structure. In workbench systems including a plurality of workbenches 1 , each workbench 1 may have a corresponding robotic arm. Alternatively, or additionally, one or more workbenches 1 may share a robotic arm 10. While the following disclosure makes reference to the use of a robotic arm 10 in many aspects, this must be interpreted as only when examples including such a robotic arm 10 are used. For the avoidance of doubt, any disclosure relating to any aspect of the system which does not expressly require the presence of a robotic arm 10 may be applied to a workbench system without a robotic arm 10.

The robotic arm 10 may be suitable for moving a sample between the transport layer 4 and the work surface 3. This may be from the transport layer 4 to the work surface 3, or from the work surface 3 to the transport layer 4. The robotic arm 10 may also be able to move the sample around at least a portion of, or the entirety of, one or both of the work surface 3 and/or transport layer 4.

Below the transport layer 4 may be a wiring layer which connects to a control box immediately beneath it or in the vicinity of it. This provides a simple way of making electrical connections to and from the control box for the work surface 3, transport layer 4 and robotic arm 10. The control box may be in the form of a pull-out drawer accessible from the free side for ease of maintenance and to allow easy upgrading of the workbench 1 in the event that new equipment is installed The robotic arm 10 shown in Figures 1 and 2 may be in accordance with the robotic arm 10 disclosed in one or more of the Applicant’s earlier patent applications WO 2017/060734 A1 , WO 2017/060735 A1 , and/or WO 2020/084316 A1 , the entire contents of which is hereby incorporated by reference, and reference is made to that document for further details of the robotic arm 10. The robotic arm 10 may swing about its multiple axes rotation between the work surface 3 and the transport layer 4. The robotic arm 10 may be on the free side of the workbench 1.

In alternative examples the robotic arm 10 may have any suitable design. For example, the robotic arm 10 may be a Selective Compliance Assembly Robot Arm or Selective Compliance Articulated Robot Arm, also known as a SCARA.

The robotic arm 10 may be mounted on a rail 11 . This allows the robotic arm 10 to move along the rail 11 to access more of the work surface 3 and/or transport layer 4. The rail 11 may be a horizontal rail 11 or a vertical rail 11 .

The rail 11 may be at a vertical location just below the transport layer 4. In the horizontal sense, there may be little or no horizontal gap between the work surface 3 and the rail 11 allowing a user to stand comfortably on the free side and to manipulate objects and manually operate laboratory equipment machines on the work surface 3. A gap may be provided at the lowermost portion of the free side to allow a user to stand even closer in a position where their feet are underneath the rail 11 providing comfortable access to the work surface 3. The rail 11 can be a single linear component shared across multiple benches or could be made up of different modules which mate together so as to ensure a smooth transition. The robotic arm 10 can be driven or manually moved along the rail 11 and may be lockable at various locations along the rail 11 if required.

The robotic arm 10 may have a vertical support turret which is mounted on the rail 11 on a carriage so that it can slide along the rail 11 . The turret may itself be rotatable on a rotatable platform. The turret may support a series of linkages which are movable together along the turret in a vertical direction along a vertical axis. The linkages may comprise three rotatable links or arms, each of which may be rotatable about a respective rotary axis. The final link (such as the third link) may be provided with an actuator for manipulation of objects on the work surface 3. The actuator may be a simple actuator such as a pincer with a single degree of freedom, or a more complex tool with multiple degrees of freedom. In this example, the robotic arm 10 therefore has three axis of rotation and a linear axis as well as having the option of a further axis of rotation about a rotational axis.

In the depicted example, the robotic arm 10 therefore has three axis of rotation R1 , R2 and R3 and a linear axis Z as well as having the option of a further axis of rotation about rotational axis Z.

The workbench 1 may be provided with an additional surface which is directly above the work surface 3. This additional surface may be accessed by the robotic arm 10.

In particular examples of the workbench system, a number of workbenches 1 may be placed adjacent to one another such as shown in Figure 2. In this adjacent position, an edge of the work surface 3 of a first workbench 1 may be adjacent an edge of the work surface 3 of a second workbench 1 . The adjacent edges may be abutting, or within less than 1cm of each other.

The transport layer 4 will now be explained in detail with particular reference to Figures 3 and 4.

The transport layer 4 includes a transport surface 42. This transport surface 42 is suitable for supporting a shuttle carrier 7, which may be carrying one or more samples. The shuttle carrier 7 may be generally as described above. The shuttle carrier 7 is moveable about the transport surface 42. For example, the shuttle carrier 7 may slide over the transport surface 42. Alternatively, the shuttle carrier 7 may include a rotatable component such as a wheel or ball to facilitate its movement about the transport surface 42. The shuttle carrier 7 may comprise one or more low-friction sections for contacting the transport surface 42. For example, the shuttle carrier 7 may comprise polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) pads which allow for sliding contact with the transport surface 42.

The transport surface 42 defines a plane. That is, the transport surface 42 has a substantially flat upper surface, which a plane can be drawn through. This plane defines an x direction and a y direction. Although Figure 3 is below the transport surface 42, the x direction and y direction are clearly shown in this view. Of course, the x direction and the y direction can be reversed for notation. The x direction is perpendicular to the y direction, and the y direction is perpendicular to the x direction. The transport layer 4 further comprises a magnetic conveyor system which is arranged below the transport surface 4. This magnetic conveyor system comprises a coupling element 6 which includes at least one coupling magnetic region 62. For example, a first coupling magnetic region 62 and a second coupling magnetic region 62. The coupling magnetic region 62 may comprise and/or be a coupling magnet 62, as in the depicted example. The term coupling magnet 62 will therefore be used throughout the present specification, but may refer in any example equally to a coupling magnetic region 62. A coupling magnetic region 62 which is not a coupling magnet 62 may be, for example, a region of magnetic and/ or electromagnetic material.

In the depicted example, the coupling element 6 includes 4 coupling magnets 62. The coupling element 6 may be substantially rectangular in the x-y plane, with a coupling magnet 62 arranged adjacent each corner. Particularly, the coupling element 6 may be oblong (i.e. a non-square rectangle). The coupling element 6 is moveable about an underside of the transport surface 42.

The shuttle carrier 7 comprises one or more shuttle magnetic regions 72. For example, there may be a first shuttle magnetic region 72 and a second shuttle magnetic region 72. The shuttle magnetic regions 72 may comprise and/or be a shuttle magnet 72, as in the depicted example. The term shuttle magnet 72 will therefore be used throughout the present specification, but may refer in any example equally to a shuttle magnetic region 72. A shuttle magnetic region 72 which is not a shuttle magnet 72 may be, for example, a region of magnetic and/or electromagnetic material. One or both of the coupling magnetic region 62 and/or the shuttle magnetic region 72 will be a magnet, and the other may simply be a magnetic material. Alternatively, both the coupling magnetic region 62 and the shuttle magnetic region 72 may be magnets.

The shuttle carrier 7 and coupling element 6 may have the same number of shuttle magnets 72 and coupling magnets 62 respectively. Alternatively, there may be a different number of shuttle magnets 72 and coupling magnets 62. The shuttle carrier 7 may be substantially rectangular in the x-y plane, with a shuttle magnet 72 arranged adjacent each corner. Particularly, the shuttle carrier 7 may be oblong (i.e. a non-square rectangle). The shape of the shuttle carrier 7 may generally correspond to the shape of the coupling element 6.a The coupling magnets 62, shuttle magnets 72 and transport surface 42 are selected such that coupling magnets 62 are able to magnetically couple with the shuttle magnets 72 through the transport surface 42. By magnetically couple, this means that there is a magnetic force between the coupling magnets 62 and the shuttle magnets 72 such that movement of the coupling element 6 (and hence the coupling magnets 62) generates a force on the shuttle magnets 72 which leads to movement of the shuttle carrier 7 across the transport surface 42.

This may also be referred to as engagement of the coupling element 6 or coupling magnets 62 with the shuttle carrier 7 or shuttle magnets 72. The term engagement does not mean that every coupling magnet 62 is magnetically coupled with a shuttle magnet 72. As long as one coupling magnet 62 is magnetically coupled with one shuttle magnet 72, the shuttle carrier 7 and coupling element 6 may be defined as engaged. There may be other coupling magnets 62 and/or shuttle magnets 72 which are not magnetically coupled. Engagement of the coupling element 6 with the shuttle carrier 7 is equivalent to engagement of the shuttle carrier 7 with the coupling element 6. Either may be used to refer to this engagement.

The shuttle carrier 7 may comprise one or more shuttle indicators, such as LEDs. These shuttle indicators may be powered through inductive coupling with the coupling element 6. In this sense, the shuttle indicators may be able to indicate to a user that a particular shuttle carrier 7 is in magnetic coupling with the coupling element 6. In further examples, the shuttle indicators may be suitable to indicate a required action for the user. For example, the shuttle indicators may be LEDs which illuminate a certain colour to indicate that samples may be removed from the shuttle carrier 7.

The magnetic conveyor system is configured to move the coupling element 6 in the x direction or the y direction. In a simple example, the magnetic conveyor system may move the coupling element 6 in only one of the x direction or the y direction. Alternatively, the magnetic conveyor system may move the coupling element 6 in both the x direction and the y direction. As noted, the coupling element 6 is below the transport layer 42 and hence the defined plane. However, the x direction and y direction can still be defined in the same direction at this different level.

Thus, the coupling element 6 moves in the x direction or the y direction while it is engaged with the shuttle carrier 7. The magnetic forces between the coupling magnets 62 and shuttle magnets 72 then lead to movement of the shuttle carrier 7 about the transport surface 42. In this sense, the transport layer 4 is able to move a shuttle carrier 7 including one or more samples about the transport surface 42.

The robotic arm 10 may be configured to pick up a sample on the work surface 3 and move it to a shuttle carrier 7 on the transport surface 42. Likewise, the robotic arm 10 may be configured to pick up a sample from the shuttle carrier 7 and move it to the work surface 3. In this sense, the robotic arm 10 can move samples between the work surface 3 and the transport layer 4.

For example, there may be one or more work stations provided at the work surface 3. The robotic arm may move a sample from the transport layer 4, to the work surface 3 and the work station. After work is performed on the sample, the robotic arm 10 may then return the sample back to the shuttle carrier 7 and the transport layer.

The magnetic conveyor system may be any suitable system which allows for movement of the coupling element 6. For example, the coupling element 6 may be mounted on a track. Alternatively, the coupling element 6 may be motorised and include one or more wheels, tracks or the like to allow for its movement.

In the depicted example, the magnetic conveyor system comprises a first rail 52 and a second rail 53 parallel to one another. The first rail 52 is arranged at a first edge of the transport layer 4 and the second rail 53 is arranged at a second edge of the transport layer 4, the first edge opposite the second edge. The first rail 52 and the second rail 53 may be adjacent the respective edge. A third rail 54 may then be provided, extending between the first rail 52 and the second rail 53. Each of the first rail 52, second rail 53, and/or third rail 54 may be a linear actuator or form a part thereof.

The third rail 54 may be moveable along the first rail 52 and the second rail 53 in order to move the coupling element 6 in the x direction. The coupling element 6 may then be moveable along the third rail 53 in order to move the coupling element 6 in the y direction. That is, there may be one or more actuators arranged to drive movement of the third rail 53 with respect to the first rail 52 and the second rail 53. There may be one or more actuators arranged to drive movement of the coupling element 6 with respect to the third rail 53. As noted, the x direction and the y direction are simply for notation and can be switched without changing the present disclosure. Collectively, this group of the first rail 52, second rail 53, third rail 54 and coupling element 6 may be referred to as a gantry system.

This magnetic conveyor system may generally be defined as an XY gantry. In this sense, the coupling element 6 may move about an underside of the transport surface 42 in the x direction and the y direction. Figure 4 shows this XY gantry in side view.

The workbench 1 may comprise an auxiliary conveyor system, which can also move the shuttle carrier 7 on the transport surface 42. This auxiliary conveyor system may be in accordance with any of the magnetic conveyor systems described in the present specification. Alternatively, the auxiliary conveyor system may be any other suitable arrangement such as a conveyor, conveyor belt, or any other system.

In certain examples, this auxiliary conveyor system may comprise its own coupling element 6 as described in any example of the present specification. The transport surface 42 may be separated into one or more regions, each having a separate conveyor system. In certain examples, the first magnetic conveyor system may move a shuttle carrier 7 around the majority of the transport surface 42. An auxiliary conveyor system may then be used to move a shuttle carrier 7 from the workbench 1 to a further workbench 1 , such as using the method described below in relation to Figures 5A to 5H.

The coupling element 6 may be selectively engageable and disengageable with the shuttle carrier 7. As noted above, engagement of the coupling element 6 and the shuttle carrier 7 is when the coupling magnets 62 and shuttle magnets 72 are in magnetic coupling. Disengagement is when the coupling magnets 62 and shuttle magnets 72 are not in magnetic coupling. Disengaging may also be referred to as decoupling. This means that the coupling element 6, and hence the coupling magnets 62, can move about the transport layer in the x direction and/or the y direction without moving the shuttle carrier 7.

This selective engagement and disengagement could be achieved by having the coupling magnets 62 and/or the shuttle magnets 72 being electromagnets. The electromagnet could then be selectively provided with electric current to generate a magnetic field. When the electromagnet is provided with electric current the coupling element 6 and shuttle carrier 7 may be engaged. When the electromagnet is not provided with electric current, the coupling element 6 and shuttle carrier 7 may be disengaged.

In a particular example, such as shown in the Figure 4 the engagement and disengagement of the coupling element 6 and shuttle carrier 7 may be via mechanical separation of the coupling magnets 62 and the shuttle magnets 72. This may particularly be used, for example, when the coupling magnets 62 and the shuttle magnets 72 are permanent magnets and not electromagnets. However, this mechanical separation may also be used when one or both the coupling magnets 62 and shuttle magnets 72 are electromagnets.

The mechanical separation can be achieved by the magnetic conveyor system further comprising an actuation system 66. This actuation system 66 may be configured to move the coupling element 6, or the or each coupling magnet 62, in a linear direction. The actuation system 66 may comprise a single actuator, or a plurality of actuators. For example, the actuation system 66 may comprise a plurality of actuators which independently move a section of the coupling element 6 or one or more coupling magnets 62.

In Figure 4, the entire coupling element 6 is moved in this linear direction. The linear direction may be defined a z direction, which is perpendicular to the x direction and is perpendicular to the y direction. That is, the z direction may be into and out of the plane defined by the transport layer 42. Thus, the x direction, y direction and z direction may define a Cartesian co-ordinate system.

Movement of the coupling element 6 in this z direction moves the coupling element 6 towards and away from the transport layer 42. When the coupling element 6 and hence the coupling magnets 62 are nearer the transport layer they will be nearer the shuttle carrier 7 and hence the shuttle magnets 72. When the coupling magnets 62 and shuttle magnets 72 are suitably near to one another, the coupling element 6 and shuttle carrier 7 are engaged such that movement of the coupling element 6 causes movement of the shuttle carrier 7.

From this position, the actuation system 66 may move the coupling element 6 away from the transport layer 42 to increase the distance between the coupling magnets 62 and shuttle magnets 72. Once the coupling magnets 62 and shuttle magnets 72 are suitably far from one another, the coupling element 6 and shuttle carrier 7 are disengaged such that movement of the coupling element 6 does not cause movement of the shuttle carrier 7.

This mechanical separation may be particularly relevant where each of the coupling magnets 62 and shuttle magnets 72 are permanent magnets as these cannot be turned on and off to achieve engagement and disengagement. However, the mechanical separation can still be used when one or more of the coupling magnets 62 and/or shuttle magnets 72 are electromagnets.

Thus, the actuation system 66 can move the coupling element 6 in the z direction towards and away from the transport surface 42 to selectively engage and disengage the coupling element 6 and the shuttle carrier 7 on the transport surface 42.

Alternatively, or additionally, the actuation system 66 may be configured to rotate the coupling element 6 about the z direction. This means that a shuttle carrier 7 which is engaged with the coupling element 6 is rotated. This may be the same actuators (and hence same actuation system 66) that also move the coupling element 6 in the z direction, or separate actuators and/or actuation system 66. In certain examples, the coupling element 6 can only move in the z direction and not rotate about the z direction. In further examples the coupling element 6 can only rotate about the z direction and not move in the z direction. In further examples still the coupling element 6 can move in the z direction and about the z direction.

The coupling element 6 may comprise one or more sensors arranged to detect the presence of a shuttle carrier 7 above the coupling element 6. For example, the coupling element 6 may comprise one or more Hall effect sensors which would detect the magnetic field of the shuttle magnets 72.

In particular examples, the transport surface 42 may have a handover region. This handover region may be adjacent to an edge of the transport surface 42. This handover region may be reachable for picking up a sample from a shuttle carrier 7 in the handover region, or putting a sample down in a shuttle carrier 7 in the handover region. This may be, for example, reachable by a user of the workbench system. Alternatively, or additionally, the handover region may be reachable by the robotic arm 10. For example, as best shown in Figure 1 the transport surface 42 may extend, in plan view, beyond an edge of the work surface 3. The extension of the transport surface 42 beyond the work surface 3 may be the handover region. The robotic arm 10 may be arranged generally above this extension of the transport surface 42. Thus, the robotic arm 10 may be easily able to reach this handover region.

The handover region may comprise an anchoring system for retaining a shuttle carrier 7 in the handover region. For example, the anchoring system may be a selectively engageable anchoring magnet. This may engage with, for example, a shuttle magnet 72 of the shuttle carrier 7. Alternatively, or additionally, the anchoring system may include a mechanical stop, such as a solenoid, which engages with a catch on a shuttle carrier 7 to hold it in place. The anchoring system may include one or more handover bays which may comprise walls or other elements to hold a shuttle carrier 7 in place. The handover region may be sized to accommodate a plurality of shuttle carriers 7.

The coupling element 6, or any other part of the magnetic conveyor system, may include an identification reader. The shuttle carrier 7 may then include identification information which is readable by the identification reader. The identification information may be changeable so as to provide contextual information about the shuttle carrier 7 or any samples on the shuttle carrier 7. This identification information may provide information about the shuttle carrier 7 including but not limited to a serial number of the shuttle carrier, details about samples of the shuttle carrier 7, a history of processing of the shuttle carrier 7, or any other information. The transport layer 42 may be such that the identification reader can read the identification information through the transport layer 42. For example, the identification reader may be a radio frequency identification (RFID) reader and the identification information may be an RFID tag.

The workbench system may further comprise sensing apparatus for sensing the position of any shuttle carriers 7 on the transport layer 42. This sensing apparatus may be the same as the identification reader discussed above. Alternatively, or additionally, the sensing apparatus may include a camera with a field of vision including the transport layer 42. Computer vision analysis may be applied to a feed from the camera to determine the location of any shuttle carriers 7 on the transport layer 42. In workbench systems with a plurality of workbenches 1 , the sensing apparatus may be shared between multiple workbenches 1 . The workbench system may further comprise other sensing apparatus for sensing parameters of samples on shuttle carriers 7 on the transport layer 42. For example, these parameters may include one or more of temperature, pressure, and/or humidity. The shuttle carrier 7 may comprise means for controlling the sensed parameter. This could be, for example, heating/cooling means.

A method of transporting a sample is therefore provided. A workbench 1 as described above, with or without any of the optional features, is provided. A shuttle carrier 7 is then provided on the transport surface 42 of this workbench 1 . The shuttle carrier 7 is carrying a sample to be transported. The coupling element 6 is then magnetically coupled to the shuttle carrier 7, such as by engaging the coupling element 6 and the shuttle carrier 7. The coupling element 6 is then moved by the magnetic conveyor system. This results in movement of the shuttle carrier 7 due to the magnetic coupling. The sample can then be moved to the work surface 3. For example, the sample may be picked up by the robotic arm 10 and then moved to the work surface 3 by the robotic arm 10.

A particular workbench system is defined with a first workbench 1 and a second workbench 2.

The first workbench 1 includes a work surface 3 and a transport layer 4 at a different level to the work surface 3. The transport layer 4 of the first workbench 1 comprising a transport surface 42 for supporting a shuttle carrier 7. The shuttle carrier 7 suitable for carrying one or more samples. The transport surface 42 defines a plane with an x direction and a perpendicular y direction. A magnetic conveyor system is arranged below the transport surface 42. The magnetic conveyor system comprises a coupling element 6 including a coupling magnet 62. The coupling magnet 62 and hence coupling element 6 is for magnetic coupling through the transport surface 42 with a shuttle magnet 72 on a shuttle carrier 7 on the transport surface 42. The magnetic conveyor system is configured to move the coupling element 6 in the x direction or the y direction.

The second workbench 1 also includes a work surface 3 and a transport layer 4 at a different level to the work surface 3. The transport layer 4 of the first workbench 1 comprising a transport surface 42 for supporting a shuttle carrier 7. The shuttle carrier 7 suitable for carrying one or more samples. The transport surface 42 defines a plane with an x direction and a perpendicular y direction. A magnetic conveyor system is arranged below the transport surface 42. The magnetic conveyor system comprises a coupling element 6 including a coupling magnet 62. The coupling magnet 62 and hence coupling element 6 is for magnetic coupling through the transport surface 42 with a shuttle magnet 72 on a shuttle carrier 7 on the transport surface 42. The magnetic conveyor system is configured to move the coupling element 6 in the x direction or the y direction.

In this sense, the first workbench 1 and the second workbench 1 may be substantially identical. The workbench system may further comprise a robotic arm 10 which is suitable for moving a sample between the transport layer 4 and the work surface 3 of one or both of the first workbench 1 and/or the second workbench 1 . For example, the robotic arm 10 may be arranged on a rail 11 of the first workbench or the second workbench 1 . Each of the first workbench 1 and the second workbench 1 may have a corresponding rail 11 which allows the robotic arm 10 to move between the rail 11 of the first workbench 1 to the rail 11 of the second workbench 1 . The rails 11 may have an open ended configuration at the interface between the two workbenches 1 .

The transport layer 4 of the first workbench 1 may be suitable for passing a shuttle carrier 7 to the transport layer 4 of the second workbench 1 . Likewise, the transport layer 4 of the second workbench 1 may be suitable for passing a shuttle carrier 7 to the transport layer 4 of the first workbench 1 . That is, a shuttle carrier 7 may be passed between the respective transport surfaces.

The precise passing method may be any suitable method. A particular method of passing a shuttle carrier 7 between a first workbench 1 and a second workbench 1 will be described below in relation to Figure 5A to 5H. The shuttle carrier 7 includes a plurality of shuttle magnets 72. Each workbench 1 comprises a transport surface 42 for supporting a shuttle carrier 7. The transport surfaces 42 each defining a plane with an x direction and a perpendicular y direction. The first workbench 1 and the second workbench 1 may be adjacent in the x direction or the y direction. Any component of the first workbench 1 may be defined as the “first” - such as a first transport surface 42, and any component of the second workbench 1 may be defined as the “second” - such as a second transport surface 42. A magnetic conveyor system is arranged below the transport surface 42. The magnetic conveyor system comprises a coupling element 6 including at least one coupling magnet 62 for magnetic coupling through the transport surface 42 with a shuttle magnet 72 on a shuttle carrier 7 on the transport surface 42.

One or both of the first workbench 1 and/or the second workbench 2 may be as described above, with or without any of the optional features.

The magnetic conveyor system is configured to move the coupling element 6 in the x direction and/or the y direction. Particularly, this may be the direction in which the first workbench 1 and the second workbench 1 are adjacent to one another. That is, if the first workbench 1 is adjacent the second workbench 2 in the y direction, the magnetic conveyor system may be configured to move the coupling element 6 in at least the y direction.

Figure 5A shows the shuttle carrier 7 engaged with the coupling element 6 of the first workbench 1 . As above, engaged with means that the coupling magnets 62 are in magnetic coupling with the shuttle magnets 72 such that movement of the coupling element 6 (and hence the coupling magnets 62) generates a force on the shuttle magnets 72 which leads to movement of the shuttle carrier 7 across the transport surface 42.

From this position, the coupling element 6 of the first workbench 1 is moved with the magnetic conveyor system. This leads to movement of the shuttle carrier 7 across the work surface 42. The shuttle carrier 7 is moved to a position adjacent to an edge of the transport surface 42 of the first workbench 1 as shown in Figure 5B. This edge is an edge of the first workbench 1 adjacent to the second workbench 1 . There is therefore a corresponding edge of the transport surface 42 of the second workbench 1 adjacent to this edge. This movement may be, for example, in the y direction as shown, or the x direction. The direction of movement towards the edge of the transport surface 42 of the first workbench 1 may be defined as a first direction.

The shuttle carrier 7 is then disengaged from the coupling element 6. This may be via any of the disengagement methods discussed above, or any other suitable method. Again, disengagement is when the coupling magnets 62 and shuttle magnets 72 are not in magnetic coupling. This means that the coupling element 6, and hence the coupling magnets 62, can move about the transport layer without moving the shuttle carrier 7. The coupling element 6 is then moved away from the edge of the transport layer 42. This may be in a direction opposite to the movement above towards the edge. For example this may be in a negative y direction as shown in Figures 5A to 5H. This may be defined as a second direction, opposite to the first direction.

The coupling element 6 is then engaged with a second magnet 72B of the plurality of shuttle magnets 72. A first magnet 72A is not engaged with the coupling element 6. The first magnet 72A may be spaced along the shuttle carrier 7 from the second magnet 72B in the first direction. The first magnet 72A may be provided at a first end of the shuttle carrier 7 and the second magnet 72B may be provided at a second end of the shuttle carrier 7. The second end being opposite to the first end.

There may be a plurality of first magnets 72A provided at the first end of the shuttle carrier 7, and/or a plurality of second magnets 72B arranged at the second end of the shuttle carrier 7. For example the shuttle carrier 7 may be substantially rectangular in the x-y plane, with a first magnet 72A or a second magnet 72B arranged adjacent each corner.

Particularly, the coupling element 6 may be oblong (i.e. a non-square rectangle). The corners can be paired across the shortest side. Each pair of corners may define a respective end of the shuttle carrier 7.

The coupling element 6 may then be moved in order to move the shuttle carrier 7 to a position where the shuttle carrier 7 overhangs the edge of the transport surface 42 of the first workbench 1 . By overhangs, it is meant that in plan view the shuttle carrier 7 extends beyond the edge of the transport surface 42 of the first workbench 1 . In this position, as shown in Figure 5D, the first magnet 72A is now above the transport surface 42 of the second workbench 1 .

While the depicted example shows the shuttle carrier 7 overhanging the edge of the transport surface 42 of the first workbench 1 , it is also appreciated that other methods may be used. For example, the coupling element 6 of the second workbench 1 may be able to magnetically couple with a shuttle carrier 7 which is on the transport surface 42 of the first workbench 1 . For example, in a transfer region of the transport surface 42. This transfer region may be, for example, part of a shared transport surface 42 for the first workbench 1 and second workbench 2. Alternatively, the shuttle carrier 7 of the second workbench 1 may protrude from a footprint of the transport surface 42 of the second workbench 1 such that it extends underneath the transport surface 42 of the first workbench 1 . This may be, for example, via a selectively extendable member or simply as a position that the shuttle carrier 7 is driveable to.

The coupling element 6 of the second workbench 1 is then engaged with the first magnet 72A. The coupling element 6 of the second workbench 1 is then moved such that the shuttle carrier 7 is moved to a position adjacent an edge of the transport surface 42 of the second workbench 1 . This may be the corresponding edge of the transport surface 42 of the second workbench 1 adjacent to the edge of the first workbench 1 . This position is shown in Figure 5F. The shuttle carrier 7 is then fully supported by the transport surface 42 of the second workbench 1 . That is, all contact points of the shuttle carrier 7 are entirely within an outer boundary of the transport surface 42 of the second workbench 1 .

The coupling element 6 of the first workbench 1 may remain engaged with second magnet 72B during an initial stage of this movement. In this initial stage, both the first coupling element 6 and the second coupling element 6 may move to move the shuttle carrier 7. This is shown in the movement between Figures 5D and 5E. The coupling element 6 of the first workbench 1 can then disengage from the second magnet 72B in order to allow the shuttle carrier 7 to move to be fully supported by the transport surface 42 of the second workbench 1 . Alternatively, the coupling element 6 of the first workbench may disengage from second magnet 72B before or during the movement between Figures 5D and 5E.

From the position of Figure 5F, the coupling element 6 of the second workbench 1 is then disengaged from the shuttle carrier 7. The coupling element 6 is then moved towards the edge of the transport surface 42 of the second workbench 1 . This movement may be in the second direction.

The coupling element 6 of the second workbench 1 is then engaged with the second magnet 72B of the shuttle carrier 7. The coupling element 6 of the second workbench 1 may be engaged with both the first magnet 72A and the second magnet 72B of the shuttle carrier 7. The coupling element 6 of the second workbench 1 is then moved in order to move the shuttle carrier 7 to a further position where it is fully supported on the transport layer 42 of the second workbench 1 . The shuttle carrier 7 can therefore be moved to any position on the transport layer 42 of the second workbench 1 .

In this sense, the shuttle carrier 7 is passed between the first workbench 1 and the second workbench 1 . The workbench system may comprise a plurality of workbenches 1 arranged in such an adjacent manner. This method can be repeated between each workbench 1 to allow the shuttle carrier 7 to be passed between any number of workbenches 1 . Figure 2 shows a right-angle turn between three adjacent workbenches 1 . This method can equally be applied to such a series of workbenches 1 . One pass will be in the x direction, followed by a pass in the y direction.

Figure 5A shows an example where each coupling element 6 comprises a plurality of coupling magnets 62, and each shuttle magnet 72 is engaged with a corresponding shuttle magnet 72. It may be that one shuttle magnet 72 engages with a plurality of coupling magnets 62, or that one coupling magnet 62 engages with a plurality of shuttle magnets 72. In this example, there are no disengaged shuttle magnets 72 in this initial state.

An alternative example is also considered in which at least a first magnet 72 of the plurality of shuttle magnets 72 is not engaged with any coupling magnet 62 in this initial state. This may, for example, generally correspond to the arrangement shown in Figure 5C which will be discussed later. For example, the coupling element 6 may only engage with a subset of the total number of coupling magnets 62.

In this alternative example, the handover between the first coupling element 6 and the second coupling element 6 may be simplified. The first coupling element 6 can be moved such that the shuttle carrier 7 overhangs the edge of the first transport surface 42 and the first magnet 72A of the shuttle carrier 7 is above the second transport surface 42. From this position, the second coupling element 6 can engage with the first magnet 72A of the shuttle carrier 7. The second coupling element 6 can then move moved such that the shuttle carrier 7 is moved to a position where it is fully supported on the second workbench 42. In this arrangement, back-and-forth movement of each coupling element 6 in the handover can be reduced. Figures 6 to 8E show operation of a particular example of robotic arm 10, which cooperates with the shuttle carrier 7 to allow for alignment. This alignment takes advantage of the selective compliance of the shuttle carrier 7 with the coupling element 6 through the transport surface 42. That is, because the engagement is magnetic coupling through the transport surface 42 the shuttle carrier 7 is able to move about the transport surface 42 to align with the robotic arm 10 without disengaging from the coupling element 6.

A perspective view of an end effector of the robotic arm 10 and the shuttle carrier 7 is shown in Figure 6. The robotic arm 10 comprises an actuator 27 for manipulation of objects. For example, the actuator 27 may comprise a pair of arms 28 which are able to grip a sample. In the example of Figures 6 to 8E, the sample is a sample tray 80. This sample tray 80 comprises one or more recesses or cavities for receiving a container such as a vial or a test tube.

The robotic arm 10 may comprise an alignment protrusion 28A. In certain examples, each arm 28 may comprise an alignment protrusion 28A. These alignment protrusions 28A extend towards the shuttle carrier 7.

The shuttle carrier 7 may comprise an alignment member 78. For example, the alignment member 78 may comprise an alignment surface 78A for engaging with the alignment protrusions 28A to align the shuttle carrier 7 and robotic arm 10. There may be a complementary alignment surface 78A for each alignment protrusion 28A. Alternatively, there may be more alignment surfaces 78A than alignment protrusions 28A to allow for the robotic arm 10 to grip the sample tray 80 from different directions. The alignment member 78 may further comprise a second alignment surface 78B for engaging with the alignment protrusions 28A to align the shuttle carrier 7 and robotic arm 10 in a different direction than the first alignment surface 78A. The two directions may be the x direction and the y direction of the transport surface 42. Each alignment surface 78A, 78B may be a chamfered surface.

The shuttle carrier 7 may further comprise a sample-receiving surface which supports the sample tray 80. This sample-receiving surface may be moveable in use in a z direction towards and away from the transport surface, the z direction perpendicular to the x direction and the y direction. The sample-receiving surface may be supported by a biasing member. For example, the biasing member may be one or more springs, living hinges, resilient material or the like. The biasing member may bias the sample-receiving surface away from the transport surface 42.

Operation of this alignment system is described in relation to Figures 8A to 8E. Figure 8A shows a shuttle carrier 7 holding a sample tray 80, with a robotic arm 10 above this shuttle carrier 7 and ready to pick up the sample tray 80.

The robotic arm 10 moves towards the shuttle carrier 7, which may be out of alignment with each other. The alignment protrusions 28A of the robotic arm 10 engage with the alignment surfaces 78A of the shuttle carrier 7. If the shuttle carrier 7 and robotic arm 10 are out of alignment, the contact between the alignment protrusions 28A and the alignment surfaces 78A will move the shuttle carrier 7 about the transport surface 42 until they are aligned as shown in Figure 8B. The use of magnetic coupling between the shuttle carrier 7 and the coupling element 6 through the transport surface 42 allows the shuttle carrier 7 to move against the magnetic force. This therefore results in alignment of the shuttle carrier 7 and robotic arm in the x direction and the y direction of the transport surface 42.

The robotic arm 10 then moves further in the z direction towards the transport surface 42. This moves the sample-receiving surface against the force of the biasing member towards the transport surface 42, as shown in Figure 8C. This allows for z alignment of the sample tray 80 and the robotic arm 10.

From this position, the robotic arm 10 grips the sample tray 80 as shown in Figure 8D. The alignment protrusions 28A and alignment surfaces 78A may remain engaged in this position so as to keep the sample-receiving surface in the same position against the force of the biasing member.

With the sample tray 80 gripped, the robotic arm 10 then moves away from the transport surface 42 in the z direction as shown in Figure 8E. This lifts the sample tray 80 from the shuttle carrier 7. The robotic arm 10 can then continue manipulation of the sample tray 80, such as moving it to the work surface 3. When the alignment protrusions 28A and alignment surfaces 78A disengage from one another, the shuttle carrier 7 can then move about the transport surface 42 again back to the position of maximum magnetic coupling with the shuttle carrier 6. This method can equally be applied when depositing a sample tray 80 on the shuttle carrier 7.

In this sense, the robotic arm 10 and shuttle carrier 7 can take advantage of the magnetic coupling to ensure correct alignment when picking up and depositing a sample such as a sample tray 80.