RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims benefit of U S. patent applications 60/027,218, filed September 30, 1996, 60/027,220, filed October 1. 1996, and 60/027, 075, filed September 30, 1996. FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates, in pan. to newly identified polynucieotides and polypeptides; variants and deπvatives of these polynucieotides and polypeptides; processes for making these polynucieotides and these polypeptides. and their variants and deπvatives and antagonists of the polypeptides; and uses of these polynucieotides, polypeptides, vaπants, deπvatives and antagonists. In particular, in these and in other regards, the invention relates to polynucieotides and polypeptides of spsA, hereinafter referred to as "spsA". BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The majority of proteins that are translocated across one or more membranes from the site of synthesis are initially synthesized with an N-terminal extension known as a signal, or leader, peptide (Wickner, W , et al, (1991) Ann. Rev Biochem 60: 101-124). Proteolytic cleavage of the signal sequence to yield the mature protein occurs during, or shortly after, the translocation event and is catalyzed in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes by enzymes known as signal, or leader, peptidases (herein "SPases") The bacteπal SPases are membrane proteins consisting of a single poiypeptide anchored to the membrane by one (Gram-positive (herein "G ⁺ ) and Gram-negative (herein G ^" ) bacteria) or two (G ^" bacteria) rra umembrane sections Predicted ammo acid sequences of bacteπal SPases show a high level of similarity and are known for Eschenchia coli (Wolfe. P.B, et al. ( 1983) J. Bωl. Chem. 258: 12073- 12080), Pseudomonas fluorescent (Black, M.T., et al, (1992). Biochem J 20 ^* 2:539-543), Salmonella typhimunum (van Dijl, J.M., et al, ( 1990). Mol. Gen. Genet. 22J.233-240), Haemophύus influenzae (Fleischmann, R.D., et al, (1995). Science 269:496-512), Phormidium laminosum (Packer, J.C., et al, (1995) Plant Mol. Biol. 27.199-204. K. Cregg, et al- Signal pepttdase from Staphylococcus aureus Manuscript JB765-96), Brady rliizobium japonicitm (Mϋller, P., et al. (1995). Mol. Microbiol. 78.831-840), Rhodobacter capsulatus (Klug, G., et al, ( 1996). GenBank entry, accession number 268305), Bacillus subtilis (two chromosomal and two of plasmid origin (Akagawa, et al, (1995) Microbiol. 141:3241 -3245; Meljer, W.J J., et al, ( 1995). Mol. Microbiol. 77:621-631; van Dijl, J.M., et al, (1992). EMBO J. //:2819-2828), Bacillus licheniformis (Hoang, V , et al, (1993) Sequence P42668 submitted to embl/genbank/ddbj data banks.), Bacillus caldotyricus (van Dijl, J.M. ( 1993) Sequence p41027, submitted to embl/genbank/ddbj data banks), Bacillus

amyloliquifaciens (two chromosomal genes) (Hoang, V. and J. Hofemeister. (1995). Biochim. Biophys. Acta 7269:64-68; van Dijl. J.M. ( 1993). Sequence p41026, submitted to embl/genbank ddbj data banks) and a partial sequence has been reported for Bacillus pumilis (Hoang, V. and J. Hofemeister. (1995). Biochim. Biophys. Acta 7269:64-68). These enzymes have been collectively defined as type- 1 signal pepidases (van Dijl, J.M., et al, (1992). EMBO J. 77:2819-2828). Although the amino acid sequences of fifteen bacterial SPases (and a sixteenth partial sequence) have now been reported, the best studied examples are leader peptidase (LPase or LepB) from E. coli and a SPase from B. subtilis (SipS).

It has been demonstrated that LPase activity is essential for cell growth in E. coli. Experiments whereby expression of the lepB gene, encoding LPase, was regulated either by a controllable ara promoter (Dalbey, R.E. and Wickner. 260:15925-15931) or by partial deletion of the natural promoter (Date, T. ( 1983). J. Bacteήol. 754:76-83) indicated that minimization of LPase production was associated with cessation of cell growth and division. In addition, an E. coli strain possessing a mutated lepB gene (E. coli IT41) has been shown to have a drastically reduced growth rate and display a rapid and pronounced accumulation of preproteins when the temperature of the growth medium is elevated to 42°C (Inada, T., et al, (1988). J. Bacteriol. 777:585-587). These results imply that there is no other gene product in E. coli that can substitute for LPase and that lepB is a single-copy gene in the E. coli chromosome. This is in contrast to at least two species within the G ⁺ Bacillus genus, B. subtilis and B. amyloliquifaciens. It is known that there are at least two homologous SPase genes in each of these Bacillus species. The sipS gene can be deleted from the chromosome of B. subtilis 168 without affecting cell growth rate or viability under laboratory conditions to yield a mutant strain that can still process preα-amylase. A putative SPase sequence (Akagawa. et al, (1995) Microbiol. 747:3241-3245) may be the gene- product responsible for this activity and / or B. subtilis may harbor more than two SPase genes. Two or more genes encoding distinct SPase homoiogues reside on the chromosome of the closely related species B. amyloliquifaciens (Hoang, V. and J. Hofemeister. ( 1995). Biochim. Biophys. Acta 7269:64-68) and there is evidence to suggest that B. Japonicum may possess more than one SPase (Mϋller, P., et al, (1995). Mol. Microbiol. 78:831-840; Mtiller, P., et al, (1995). Planta 797: 163-175). Although SPase sequences from seven genera of G+ bacteria are now known, only the single Bacillus genus amongst the G+ eubacteria has been investigated with respect to SPase characteristics. It was therefore considered of interest to determine whether a G+ eubacterium that, unlike B. subtilis and B. amyloliquifaciens, is not known for exceptional secretion activity has genes encoding more than one SPase with overlapping substrate specificities or whether it

resembles E. coli and H. influenzae (and possibly other G- eubacteria)more closely in that it has a single SPase gene. The recent publication of the entire genomic sequence of the obligate G ⁺ -like intracellular bacterium Mycoplasma genitalium also reveals an interesting feature relating to heterogeneity amongst SPases (Eraser, CM., et al, (1995). Science 270:397-403). Inhibitors of E. coli LPase have been reported (Allsop, A.E., et al, 1995. Bioorg, & Med. Chem. Letts. 5:443- 448).

Evidence has accumulated to suggest that LPase belongs to a new class of serine protease that does not utilize a histamine as a catalytic base (Black, M.T., et al, (1992). Biochem. J. 282:539-543; Sung, M. and R.E. Dalbey. (1992). J. Biol. Chem 267: 13154-13159) but may instead employ a lysine side-chain to fulfill this role (Black, M.T. (1993). J. Bacteriol. 775:4957- 4961; Tschantz. W.R., et al, (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268:27349-27354). These observations and comparisons with Lex A from E. coli led to the proposal that a serine-lysine catalytic dyad, similar to that thought to operate during peptide bond hydrolysis catalyzed by LexA (Slilaty, S.N. and J. Little. (1987). Proc. Na . Acad. Sci. USA 84:3987-3991), may operate in LPase (Black, M.T. (1993). J. Bacteriol. 775:4957-4961). Similar observations have since been made for SPase from B. subtilis (van Dijl, J.M., et al, (1995). J. Biol. Chem. 270:3611-3618) and for the Tsp periplasmic protease from E. coli (Keiler, K.C. and R.T. Sauer. ( 1995). Biol. Chem. 270:28864- 28868); the similarities of SipS to LexA have been suggested to extend to several regions of primary structure (van Dijl, J.M., et al, (1995). J. Biol. Chem. 270:3611-3618). The serine and lysine residues (90 and 145 respectively in E. coli LPase numbering) known to be critical for catalytic activity in both E. coli LPase (Black, M.T. ( 1993). /. Bacteriol. 775:4957-4961; Tschantz, W.R., et al, (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268:27349-27354) and B. subtilis SPase (van Dijl, J.M., et al, (1995). J. Biol. Chem. 270:361 1-3618) and thought to form a catalytic dyad are both conserved in the S. aureus protein SpsB (S36 and K77). In addition, the aspartate at position 155 (280 in E. coli LPase numbering) is also conserved (this residue appears important for activity of the SipS SPase (van Dijl, J.M., et al, (1995). J. Biol. Chem. 270:361 1-3618) but less so for LPase from E. coli (Sung, M. and R.E. Dalbey. (1992). J. Biol. Chem 267:13154-13159). The present invention provides a novel SPase from 5. aureus.

Clearly, there is a need for factors that may be used to screen compounds for antibiotic activity and which may also be used to determine their roles in pathogenesis of infection, dysfunction and disease. There is a need, therefore, for identification and characterization of such factors which can play a role in preventing, ameliorating or correcting infections, dysfunctions or diseases.

The poiypeptide of the present invention has amino acid sequence homology to known serine proteases. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Toward these ends, and others, it is an object of the present invention to provide polypeptides, inter alia, that have been identified as novel spsA by homology between the amino acid sequence set out in Figure 2 and known amino acid sequences of other proteins such as Bacillus subtillis sipS.

It is a further object of the invention, moreover, to provide polynucieotides that encode spsA, particularly polynucieotides that encode the poiypeptide herein designated spsA.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of this aspect of the invention the polynucleotide comprises the region encoding spsA in the sequence set out in Figure 1 [SEQ ID NO: 1], or a fragment, analogue or derivative thereof.

In another particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention there is a novel serine protease protein from Staphylococcus aureus comprising the amino acid sequence of Figure 2 [SEQ ID NO:2], or a fragment, analogue or derivative thereof. In accordance with this aspect of the present invention there is provided an isolated nucleic acid molecule encoding a mature poiypeptide expressible by the Staphylococcus aureus bacterial clone contained in NCIMB Deposit No. 40771.

In accordance with this aspect of the invention there are provided isolated nucleic acid molecules encoding spsA, particularly Staphylococcus spsA, including mRNAs, cDNAs, genomic DNAs and, in further embodiments of this aspect of the invention include biologically, diagnostically, prophylactically, clinically or therapeutically useful variants, analogs or derivatives thereof, or fragments thereof, including fragments of the variants, analogs and derivatives, and compositions comprising same.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided the use of a polynucleotide of the invention for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes, in particular genetic immunization.

Among the particularly preferred embodiments of this aspect of the invention are naturally occurring allelic variants of spsA and polypeptides encoded thereby.

In accordance with this aspect of the invention there are provided novel polypeptides of Staphylococcus referred to herein as spsA as well as biologically, diagnostically, prophylactically, clinically or therapeutically useful fragments, variants and derivatives thereof, variants and derivatives of the fragments, and analogs of the foregoing, and compositions comprising same.

Among the particularly preferred embodiments of this aspect of the invention are variants of spsA poiypeptide encoded by naturally occurring alleles of the spsA gene.

In a preferred embodiment of this aspect of the invention there are provided methods for producing the aforementioned spsA polypeptides.

In accordance with yet another aspect of the present invention, there are provided inhibitors to such polypeptides, useful as antibacterial agents, including, for example, antibodies. In accordance with certain preferred embodiments of this aspect of the invention, there are provided products, compositions and methods, inter alia: assessing spsA expression; to treat upper respiratory tract (e.g. otitis media, bacterial tracheitis, acute epiglottitis, thyroiditis), lower respiratory

(e.g. empyema, lung abscess), cardiac (e.g. infective endocarditis), gastrointestinal (e.g. secretory diarrhoea, splenic abscess, retroperitoneal abscess), CNS (e.g. cerebral abscess), eye (e.g. blepharitis, conjunctivitis, keratitis, endophthalmitis, preseptal and orbital cellulitis, darcryocystitis), kidney and urinary tract (e.g. epididymitis, intrarenal and perinephric abscess, toxic shock syndrome), skin (e.g. impetigo, folliculitis , cutaneous abscesses, cellulitis, wound infection, bacterial myositis) bone and joint (e.g. septic arthritis, osteomyelitis); assaying genetic variation; and administering a spsA poiypeptide or polynucleotide to an organism to raise an immunological response against a bacteria, especially a Staphylococcus.

In accordance with certain preferred embodiments of this and other aspects of the invention there are provided polynucieotides that hybridize to spsA polynucleotide sequences.

In certain additional preferred embodiments of this aspect of the invention there are provided antibodies against spsA polypeptides. In accordance with yet another aspect of the present invention, there are provided spsA antagonists which are also preferably bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal.

In a further aspect of the invention there are provided compositions comprising a spsA polynucleotide or a spsA poiypeptide for administration to a cell or to a multicellular organism.

Various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the disclosed invention will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from reading the following description and from reading the other parts of the present disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The following drawings depict certain embodiments of the invention. They are illustrative only and do not limit the invention otherwise disclosed herein. Figure 1 shows the polynucleotide sequence of Staphylococcus aureus spsA [SEQ ID NO: 1].

Figure 2 shows the amino acid sequence of Staphylococcus aureus spsA [SEQ ED NO:2] deduced from the polynucleotide sequence of Figure 1.

Figure 3 shows the polynucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of Staphylococcus aureus spsA and spsB [SEQ ID NO:3].

GLOSSARY

The following illustrative explanations are provided to facilitate understanding of certain terms used frequently herein, particularly in the Examples. The explanations are provided as a convenience and are not limitative of the invention. SPSA-BINDING MOLECULE, as used herein, refers to molecules or ions which bind or interact specifically with spsA polypeptides or polynucieotides of the present invention, including, for example enzyme substrates, cell membrane components and classical receptors. Binding between polypeptides of the invention and such molecules, including binding or binding or interaction molecules may be exclusive to polypeptides of the invention, which is preferred, or it may be highly specific for polypeptides of the invention, which is also preferred, or it may be highly specific to a group of proteins that includes polypeptides of the invention, which is preferred, or it may be specific to several groups of proteins at least one of which includes a poiypeptide of the invention. Binding molecules also include antibodies and antibody-derived reagents that bind specifically to polypeptides of the invention.

GENETIC ELEMENT generally means a polynucleotide comprising a region that encodes a poiypeptide or a polynucleotide region that regulates replication, transcription or translation or other processes important to expression of the poiypeptide in a host cell, or a polynucleotide comprising both a region that encodes a poiypeptide and a region operably linked thereto that regulates expression. Genetic elements may be comprised within a vector that replicates as an episomal element; that is, as a molecule physically independent of the host cell genome. They may be comprised within plasmids. Genetic elements also may be comprised within a host cell genome; not in their natural state but, rather, following manipulation such as isolation, cloning and introduction into a host cell in the form of purified DNA or in a vector, among others.

HOST CELL is a cell which has been transformed or transfected, or is capable of transformation or transfection by an exogenous polyncleotide sequence. IDENTITY or S ILARTTY, as known in the art, are relationships between two or more poiypeptide sequences or two or more polynucleotide sequences, as determined by comparing the sequences. In the art, identity also means the degree of sequence relatedness between poiypeptide or polynucleotide sequences, as the case may be, as determined by the match between strings of such sequences. Both identity and similarity can be readily calculated (Computational Molecular Biology, Lesk, A.M., ed., Oxford University Press, New York, 1988; Biocomputing: Informatics and Genome Projects, Smith, D.W., ed., Academic Press, New York, 1993; Computer Analysis of Sequence Data, Part I, Griffin, A.M., and Griffin, H.G., eds., Humana Press, New Jersey, 1994; Sequence Analysis in Molecular Biology, von Heinje, G., Academic Press, 1987; and Sequence Analysis Primer, Gribskov, M. and Devereux, J., eds., M Stockton Press, New York, 1991).

While there exist a number of methods to measure identity and similarity between two polynucleotide or two poiypeptide sequences, both terms are well known to skilled artisans (Sequence Analysis in Molecular Biology, von Heinje, G., Academic Press, 1987; Sequence Analysis Primer, Gribskov, M. and Devereux, J., eds., M Stockton Press, New York, 1991; and Carillo, H., and Lipman, D., SIAM J. Applied Math., 48: 1073 (1988). Methods commonly employed to determine identity or similarity between sequences include, but are not limited to those disclosed in Carillo, H., and Lipman, D., SIAM J. Applied Math., 48: 1073 (1988). Preferred methods to determine identity are designed to give the largest match between the sequences tested. Methods to determine identity and similarity are codified in computer programs. Preferred computer program methods to determine identity and similarity between two sequences include, but are not limited to, GCG program package (Devereux, J., et al., Nucleic Acids Research 12(1): 387 (1984)), BLASTP, BLASTN, and FASTA (Atschul, S.F. et al., J. Molec. Biol. 215: 403 (1990)).

ISOLATED means altered "by the hand of man" from its natural state; i.e., that, if it occurs in nature, it has been changed or removed from its original environment, or both. For example, a naturally occurring polynucleotide or a poiypeptide naturally present in a living organism in its natural state is not "isolated," but the same polynucleotide or poiypeptide separated from the coexisting materials of its natural state is "isolated", as the term is employed herein. For example, with respect to polynucieotides, the term isolated means that it is separated from the chromosome and cell in which it naturally occurs. As part of or following isolation, such polynucieotides can be joined to other polynucieotides, such as DNAs, for mutagenesis, to form fusion proteins, and for propagation or expression in a host, for instance. The isolated polynucieotides, alone or joined to other polynucieotides such as vectors, can be introduced into host cells, in culture or in whole organisms. Introduced into host cells in culture or in whole organisms, such DNAs still would be isolated, as the term is used herein, because they would not be in their naturally occurring form or environment. Similarly, the polynucieotides and polypeptides may occur in a composition, such as a media formulations, solutions for introduction of polynucieotides or polypeptides, for example, into cells, compositions or solutions for chemical or enzymatic reactions, for instance, which are not naturally occurring compositions, and, therein remain isolated polynucieotides or polypeptides within the meaning of that term as it is employed herein. POLYNUCLEOTIDE(S) generally refers to any polyribonucleotide or polydeoxribonucleotide, which may be unmodified RNA or DNA or modified RNA or DNA. Thus, for instance, polynucieotides as used herein refers to, among others, single-and double-stranded DNA, DNA that is a mixture of single- and double-stranded regions or single-, double- and triple-stranded regions, single- and double-stranded RNA, and RNA that is mixture of single- and double-stranded

regions, hybrid molecules comprising DNA and RNA that may be single-stranded or, more typically, double-stranded, or triple-stranded, or a mixture of single- and double-stranded regions. In addition, polynucleotide as used herein refers to triple-stranded regions comprising RNA or DNA or both RNA and DNA. The strands in such regions may be from the same molecule or from different molecules. The regions may include all of one or more of the molecules, but more typically involve only a region of some of the molecules. One of the molecules of a triple-helical region often is an oligonucleotide. As used herein, the term polynucleotide includes DNAs or RNAs as described above that contain one or more modified bases. Thus, DNAs or RNAs with backbones modified for stability or for other reasons are "polynucieotides" as that term is intended herein. Moreover, DNAs or RNAs comprising unusual bases, such as inosine, or modified bases, such as tritylated bases, to name just two examples, are polynucieotides as the term is used herein. It will be appreciated that a great variety of modifications have been made to DNA and RNA that serve many useful purposes known to those of skill in the art. The term polynucleotide as it is employed herein embraces such chemically, enzymatically or metabolically modified forms of polynucieotides, as well as the chemical forms of DNA and RNA characteristic of viruses and cells, including simple and complex cells, inter alia. Polynucieotides embraces short polynucieotides often referred to as oligonucleotide(s).

POLYPEPTIDES, as used herein, includes all polypeptides as described below. The basic structure of polypeptides is well known and has been described in innumerable textbooks and other publications in the art. In this context, the term is used herein to refer to any peptide or protein comprising two or more amino acids joined to each other in a linear chain by peptide bonds. As used herein, the term refers to both short chains, which also commonly are referred to in the art as peptides, oligopeptides and oligomers, for example, and to longer chains, which generally are referred to in the art as proteins, of which there are many types. It will be appreciated that polypeptides often contain amino acids other than the 20 amino acids commonly referred to as the 20 naturally occurring amino acids, and that many amino acids, including the terminal amino acids, may be modified in a given poiypeptide, either by natural processes, such as processing and other post-translational modifications, but also by chemical modification techniques which are well known to the art. Even the common modifications that occur naturally in polypeptides are too numerous to list exhaustively here, but they are well described in basic texts and in more detailed monographs, as well as in a voluminous research literature, and they are well known to those of skill in the art.

Among the known modifications which may be present in polypeptides of the present are, to name an illustrative few, acetylation, acylation, ADP-ribosylation, amidation, covalent attachment of flavin, covalent attachment of a heme moiety, covalent attachment of a nucleotide or nucleotide derivative, covalent attachment of a lipid or Iipid derivative, covalent attachment of

phosphotidylinositol, cross-linking, cyclization, disulfide bond formation, demethylation, formation of covalent cross-links, formation of cystine, formation of pyroglutamate, formylation, gamma- carboxylation, glycosylation, GPI anchor formation, hydroxylation, iodination, methylation, myristoylation. oxidation, proteolytic processing, phosphorylation, prenylation, racemization, selenoylation, sulfation, transfer-RNA mediated addition of amino acids to proteins such as arginylation, and ubiquitination. Such modifications are well known to those of skill and have been described in great detail in the scientific literature. Several particularly common modifications, glycosylation, Iipid attachment, sulfation, gamma-carboxylation of glutamic acid residues, hydroxylation and ADP-ribosylation, for instance, are described in most basic texts, such as, for instance PROTEINS - STRUCTURE AND MOLECULAR PROPERTIES, 2nd Ed., T. E. Creighton, W. H. Freeman and Company, New York (1993). Many detailed reviews are available on this subject, such as, for example, those provided by Wold, F., Posttranslational Protein Modifications: Perspectives and Prospects, pgs. 1-12 in POSTTRANSLATIONAL COVALENT MODIFICATION OF PROTEINS, B. C. Johnson, Ed., Academic Press, New York (1983); Seifter et al., Meth. Enzymol. 782:626-646 (1990) and Rattan et al., Protein Synthesis: Posttranslational Modifications and Aging, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 663: 48-62 (1992). It will be appreciated, as is well known and as noted above, that polypeptides are not always entirely linear. For instance, polypeptides may be generally as a result of posttranslation events, including natural processing event and events brought about by human manipulation which do not occur naturally. Circular, branched and branched circular polypeptides may be synthesized by non-translation natural process and by entirely synthetic methods, as well. Modifications can occur anywhere in a poiypeptide, including the peptide backbone, the amino acid side-chains and the amino or carboxyl termini. In fact, blockage of the amino or carboxyl group in a poiypeptide, or both, by a covalent modification, is common in naturally occurring and synthetic polypeptides and such modifications may be present in polypeptides of the present invention, as well. For instance, the amino terminal residue of polypeptides made in E. coli or other cells, prior to proteolytic processing, almost invariably will be N-formylmethionine. During post-translational modification of the peptide, a methionine residue at the NH ₂ -terminus may be deleted. Accordingly, this invention contemplates the use of both the methionine-containing and the methionineless amino terminal variants of the protein of the invention. The modifications that occur in a poiypeptide often will be a function of how it is made. For polypeptides made by expressing a cloned gene in a host, for instance, the nature and extent of the modifications in large part will be determined by the host cell posttranslational modification capacity and the modification signals present in the poiypeptide amino acid sequence. For instance, as is well known, glycosylation often does not occur in bacterial hosts such as, for example, E. coli. Accordingly, when glycosylation is desired, a

poiypeptide should be expressed in a glycosylating host, generally a eukaryotic cell. Insect cell often carry out the same posttranslational glycosylations as mammalian cells and, for this reason, insect cell expression systems have been developed to express efficiently mammalian proteins having native patterns of glycosylation, inter alia. Similar considerations apply to other modifications. It will be appreciated that the same type of modification may be present in the same or varying degree at several sites in a given poiypeptide. Also, a given poiypeptide may contain many types of modifications. In general, as used herein, the term poiypeptide encompasses all such modifications, particularly those that are present in polypeptides synthesized recombinantly by expressing a polynucleotide in a host cell.

VARIANT(S) of polynucieotides or polypeptides, as the term is used herein, are polynucieotides or polypeptides that differ from a reference polynucleotide or poiypeptide, respectively. Variants in this sense are described below and elsewhere in the present disclosure in greater detail. (1) A polynucleotide that differs in nucleotide sequence from another, reference polynucleotide. Generally, differences are limited so that the nucleotide sequences of the reference and the variant are closely similar overall and, in many regions, identical. As noted below, changes in the nucleotide sequence of the variant may be silent. That is, they may not alter the amino acids encoded by the polynucleotide. Where alterations are limited to silent changes of this type a variant will encode a poiypeptide with the same amino acid sequence as the reference. Also as noted below, changes in the nucleotide sequence of the variant may alter the amino acid sequence of a poiypeptide encoded by the reference polynucleotide. Such nucleotide changes may result in amino acid substitutions, additions, deletions, fusions and truncations in the poiypeptide encoded by the reference sequence, as discussed below. (2) A poiypeptide that differs in amino acid sequence from another, reference poiypeptide. Generally, differences are limited so that the sequences of the reference and the variant are closely similar overall and, in many region, identical. A variant and reference poiypeptide may differ in amino acid sequence by one or more substitutions, additions, deletions, fusions and truncations, which may be present in any combination.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to novel spsA polypeptides and polynucieotides, among other things, as described in greater detail below. In particular, the invention relates to polypeptides and polynucieotides of a novel spsA gene of Staphylococcus aureus, which is related by amino acid sequence homology to Bacillus subtillis sipS poiypeptide. The invention relates especially to spsA having the nucleotide and amino acid sequences set out in Figure 1 and Figure 2 respectively, and to the spsA nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the DNA in NCIMB Deposit No. 40771, which is herein referred to as "the deposited clone" or as the "DNA of the deposited clone." It will be appreciated that the nucleotide and amino acid sequences set out in Figures 1 [SEQ ID NO:l] and 2 [SEQ ID NO:2]

were obtained by sequencing the DNA of the deposited clone. Hence, the sequence of the deposited clone is controlling as to any discrepancies between it (and the sequence it encodes) and the sequences of Figure 1 [SEQ ID NO: 1 ] and Figure 2 [SEQ ID NO:2].

Polynucieotides In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there are provided isolated polynucieotides which encode the spsA poiypeptide having the deduced amino acid sequence of Figure 2 [SEQ ID NO:2].

Using the information provided herein, such as the polynucleotide sequence set out in Figure 1

[SEQ ID NO: 1], a polynucleotide of the present invention encoding spsA poiypeptide may be obtained using standard cloning and screening procedures, such as those for cloning and sequencing chromosomal DNA fragments from Staphylococcus aureus WCUH 29 cells as starting material, followed by obtaining a full length clone. For example, to obtain a polynucleotide of the invention sequence, such as that sequence given in Figure 1 [SEQ ID NO: l] typically a library of clones of chromosomal DNA of Staphylococcus aureus WCUH 29 in E.coli or some other suitable host is probed with a radiolabelled oligonucleotide, preferably a 17-mer or longer, derived from a partial sequence. Clones carrying DNA identical to that of the probe can then be distinguished using high stringency washes. By sequencing the individual clones thus identified with sequencing primers designed from the original sequence it is then possible to extend the sequence in both directions to determine the full gene sequence. Conveniently such sequencing is performed using denatured double stranded DNA prepared from a plasmid clone. Suitable techniques are described by Maniatis, T., Fritsch, E.F. and Sambrook et al., MOLECULAR CLONING, A LABORATORY

MANUAL, 2nd Ed.; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York (1989).

(see Screening By Hybridization 1.90 and Sequencing Denatured Double-Stranded DNA

Templates 13.70). Illustrative of the invention, the polynucleotide set out in Figure 1 [SEQ ID NO:l] was discovered in a DNA library derived from Staphylococcus aureus WCUH 29.

SpsA of the invention is structurally related to other spsA proteins, as shown by the results of sequencing the DNA encoding spsA of the deposited clone. The DNA sequence thus obtained is set out in Figure 1 [ SEQ ID NO:l]. It contains an open reading frame encoding a protein of having about the number of amino acid residues set forth in Figure 2 [SEQ ID NO:2] with a deduced molecular weight that can be calculated using amino acid residue molecular weight values well known in the art. The protein exhibits greatest homology to Bacillus subtillis sipS protein among known proteins. spsA of Figure 2 [SEQ ED NO:2] has homoogy with the amino acid sequence of Bacillus subtillis sipS.

Polynucieotides of the present invention may be in the form of RNA, such as mRNA, or in the form of DNA, including, for instance, cDNA and genomic DNA obtained by cloning or produced by

chemical synthetic techniques or by a combination thereof. The DNA may be double-stranded or single-stranded. Single-stranded DNA may be the coding strand, also known as the sense strand, or it may be the non-coding strand, also referred to as the anti-sense strand.

The coding sequence which encodes the poiypeptide may be identical to the coding sequence of the polynucleotide shown in Figure 1 [SEQ ED NO: l]. It also may be a polynucleotide with a different sequence, which, as a result of the redundancy (degeneracy) of the genetic code, encodes the poiypeptide of Figure 2 [SEQ ID NO:2].

Polynucieotides of the present invention which encode the poiypeptide of Figure 2 [SEQ ED NO:2] may include, but are not limited to the coding sequence for the mature poiypeptide, by itself; the coding sequence for the mature poiypeptide and additional coding sequences, such as those encoding a leader or secretory sequence, such as a pre-, or pro- or prepro- protein sequence; the coding sequence of the mature poiypeptide, with or without the aforementioned additional coding sequences, together with additional, non-coding sequences, including for example, but not limited to non-coding 5' and 3' sequences, such as the transcribed, non-translated sequences that play a role in transcription (including termination signals, for example), ribosome binding, mRNA stability elements, and additional coding sequence which encode additional amino acids, such as those which provide additional functionalities. Thus, for instance, the poiypeptide may be fused to a marker sequence, such as a peptide, which facilitates purification of the fused poiypeptide. In certain embodiments of this aspect of the invention, the marker sequence is a hexa-histidine peptide, such as the tag provided in the pQE vector (Qiagen, Inc.), among others, many of which are commercially available. As described in Gentz et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA 86: 821-824 (1989), for instance, hexa-histidine provides for convenient purification of the fusion protein. The HA tag may also be used to create fusion proteins and corresponds to an epitope derived of influenza hemagglutinin protein, which has been described by Wilson et al., Cell 37: 767 (1984), for instance. Polynucieotides of the invention also include, but are not limited to, polynucieotides comprising a structural gene and its naturally associated genetic elements.

In accordance with the foregoing, the term "polynucleotide encoding a poiypeptide" as used herein encompasses polynucieotides which include a sequence encoding a poiypeptide of the present invention, particularly bacterial, and more particularly the Staphylococcus aureus spsA having the amino acid sequence set out in Figure 2 [SEQ ED NO:2]. The term encompasses polynucieotides that include a single continuous region or discontinuous regions encoding the poiypeptide (for example, interrupted by integrated phage or insertion sequence or editing) together with additional regions, that also may contain coding and/or non-coding sequences.

The present invention further relates to variants of the herein above described polynucieotides which encode for fragments, analogs and derivatives of the poiypeptide having the deduced amino acid sequence of Figure 2 [SEQ ED NO:2]. A variant of the polynucleotide may be a naturally occurring variant such as a naturally occurring ailelic variant, or it may be a variant that is not known to occur naturally. Such non-naturally occurring variants of the polynucleotide may be made by mutagenesis techniques, including those applied to polynucieotides, cells or organisms.

Among variants in this regard are variants that differ from the aforementioned polynucieotides by nucleotide substitutions, deletions or additions. The substitutions, deletions or additions may involve one or more nucleotides. T e variants may be altered in coding or non-coding regions or both. Alterations in the coding regions may produce conservative or non-conservative amino acid substitutions, deletions or additions.

Among the particularly preferred embodiments of the invention in this regard are polynucieotides encoding polypeptides having the amino acid sequence of spsA set out in Figure 2 [SEQ ID NO:2]; variants, analogs, derivatives and fragments thereof, and fragments of the variants, analogs and derivatives.

Further particularly prefeιτed in this regard are polynucieotides encoding spsA variants, analogs, derivatives and fragments, and variants, analogs and derivatives of the fragments, which have the amino acid sequence of spsA poiypeptide of Figure 2 [SEQ ED NO:2] in which several, a few, 5 to 10, 1 to 5, 1 to 3, 2, 1 or no amino acid residues are substituted, deleted or added, in any combination. Especially preferred among these are silent substitutions, additions and deletions, which do not alter the properties and activities of spsA. Also especially preferred in this regard are conservative substitutions. Most highly preferred are polynucieotides encoding polypeptides having the amino acid sequence of Figure 2 [SEQ ED NO:2], without substitutions.

Further preferred embodiments of the invention are polynucieotides that are at least 70% identical over their entire length to a polynucleotide encoding spsA poiypeptide having the amino acid sequence set out in Figure 2 [SEQ ED NO:2], and polynucieotides which are complementary to such polynucieotides. Alternatively, most highly preferred are polynucieotides that comprise a region that is at least 80% identical over their entire length to a polynucleotide encoding spsA poiypeptide of the Staphylococcus aureus DNA of the deposited clone and polynucieotides complementary thereto. In this regard, polynucieotides at least 90% identical over their entire length to the same are particularly preferred, and among these particularly preferred polynucieotides, those with at least 95% are especially preferred. Furthermore, those with at least 97% are highly preferred among those with at least 95%, and among these those with at least 98% and at least 99% are particularly highly preferred, with at least 99% being the more preferred.

Preferred embodiments in this respect, moreover, are polynucieotides which encode polypeptides which retain substantially the same biological function or activity as the mature poiypeptide encoded by the DNA of Figure 1 [SEQ ID NO: 1 ].

The present invention further relates to polynucieotides that hybridize to the herein above- described sequences. In this regard, the present invention especially relates to polynucieotides which hybridize under stringent conditions to the herein above-described polynucieotides. As herein used, the term "stringent conditions" means hybridization will occur only if there is at least 95% and preferably at least 97% identity between the sequences.

As discussed additionally herein regarding polynucleotide assays of the invention, for instance, polynucieotides of the invention as discussed above, may be used as a hybridization probe for RNA, cDNA and genomic DNA to isolate full-length cDNAs and genomic clones encoding spsA and to isolate cDNA and genomic clones of other genes that have a high sequence similarity to the spsA gene. Such probes generally will comprise at least 15 bases. Preferably, such probes will have at least 30 bases and may have at least 50 bases. Particularly preferred probes will have at least 30 bases and will have 50 bases or less.

For example, the coding region of the spsA gene may be isolated by screening using the known DNA sequence to synthesize an oligonucleotide probe. A labeled oligonucleotide having a sequence complementary to that of a gene of the present invention is then used to screen a library of cDNA, genomic DNA or mRNA to determine which members of the library the probe hybridizes to. The polynucieotides and polypeptides of the present invention may be employed as research reagents and materials for discovery of treatments of and diagnostics for disease, particularly human disease, as further discussed herein relating to polynucleotide assays, inter alia.

The polynucieotides of the invention that are oligonucleotides, including SEQ ID NOS:3 and 4, derived from the sequences of SEQ ID NOS: 1 and 2 may be used in the processes herein as described, but preferably for PCR, to determine whether or not the Staphylococcus aureus genes identified herein in whole or in part are transcribed in infected tissue. It is recognized that such sequences will also have utility in diagnosis of the stage of infection and type of infection the pathogen has attained.

The polynucieotides may encode a poiypeptide which is the mature protein plus additional amino or carboxyl-terminal amino acids, or amino acids interior to the mature poiypeptide (when the mature form has more than one poiypeptide chain, for instance). Such sequences may play a role in processing of a protein from precursor to a mature form, may allow protein transport, may lengthen or shorten protein half-life or may facilitate manipulation of a protein for assay or production, among other

things. As generally is the case in vivo, the additional amino acids may be processed away from the mature protein by cellular enzymes.

A precursor protein, having the mature form of the poiypeptide fused to one or more prosequences may be an inactive form of the poiypeptide. When prosequences are removed such inactive precursors generally are activated. Some or all of the prosequences may be removed before activation. Generally, such precursors are called proproteins.

In sum, a polynucleotide of the present invention may encode a mature protein, a mature protein plus a leader sequence (which may be referred to as a preprotein), a precursor of a mature protein having one or more prosequences which are not the leader sequences of a preprotein, or a preproprotein, which is a precursor to a proprotein, having a leader sequence and one or more prosequences, which generally are removed during processing steps that produce active and mature forms of the poiypeptide.

Deposited materials

The deposit has been made under the terms of the Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Micro-organisms for Purposes of Patent Procedure. The strain will be irrevocably and without restriction or condition released to the public upon the issuance of a patent.

The deposit is provided merely as convenience to those of skill in the art and is not an admission that a deposit is required for enablement, such as that required under 35 U.S.C. § 112.

A deposit containing a Staphylococcus aureus spsA bacterial clone has been deposited with the National Collections of Industrial and Marine Bacteria Ltd. (NCEMB), 23 St. Machar Drive,

Aberdeen AB2 1RY, Scotland on 1 1 September 1995 and assigned NCEMB Deposit No. 40771. The

Staphylococcus aureus bacterial clone deposit is referred to herein as "the deposited clone" or as "the

DNA of the deposited clone."

The deposited material is a bacterial clone that contains the full length spsA DNA, referred to as "NCEMB 40771 " upon deposit.

The sequence of the polynucieotides contained in the deposited material, as well as the amino acid sequence of the poiypeptide encoded thereby, are controlling in the event of any conflict with any description of sequences herein.

A license may be required to make, use or sell the deposited materials, and no such license is hereby granted.

Polypeptides

The present invention further relates to a spsA poiypeptide which has a deduced amino acid sequence of 151 amino acids in length, as set forth in Figure 2 [SEQ ID NO:2], and has a deduced molecular weight of 21.692 kilodaltons.

The invention also relates to fragments, analogs and derivatives of these polypeptides. The terms "fragment," "derivative" and "analog" when referring to the poiypeptide of Figure 2 [SEQ ID

NO:2], means a poiypeptide which retains essentially the same biological function or activity as such poiypeptide. Thus, an analog includes a proprotein which can be activated by cleavage of the proprotein portion to produce an active mature poiypeptide.

A fragment, derivative or analog of the poiypeptide of Figure 2 [SEQ ED NO:2] may be (i) one in which one or more of the amino acid residues are substituted with a conserved or non-conserved amino acid residue (preferably a conserved amino acid residue) and such substituted amino acid residue may or may not be one encoded by the genetic code, or (ii) one in which one or more of the amino acid residues includes a substituent group, or (iii) one in which the mature poiypeptide is fused with another compound, such as a compound to increase the half-life of the poiypeptide (for example, polyethylene glycol), or (iv) one in which the additional amino acids are fused to the mature poiypeptide, such as a leader or secretory sequence or a sequence which is employed for purification of the mature poiypeptide or a proprotein sequence. Such fragments, derivatives and analogs are deemed to be within the scope of those skilled in the art from the teachings herein.

Among the particularly preferred embodiments of the invention in this regard are polypeptides having the amino acid sequence of spsA set out in Figure 2 [SEQ ED NO:2], variants, analogs, derivatives and fragments thereof, and variants, analogs and derivatives of the fragments. Alternatively, particularly preferred embodiments of the invention in this regard are polypeptides having the amino acid sequence of the spsA, variants, analogs, derivatives and fragments thereof, and variants, analogs and derivatives of the fragments.

Among preferred variants are those that vary from a reference by conservative amino acid substitutions. Such substitutions are those that substitute a given amino acid in a poiypeptide by another amino acid of like characteristics. Typically seen as conservative substitutions are the replacements, one for another, among the aliphatic amino acids Ala, Val, Leu and De; interchange of the hydroxyl residues Ser and Thr, exchange of the acidic residues Asp and Glu, substitution between the amide residues Asn and Gin, exchange of the basic residues Lys and Arg and replacements among the aromatic residues Phe, Tyr.

Further particularly preferred in this regard are variants, analogs, derivatives and fragments, and variants, analogs and derivatives of the fragments, having the amino acid sequence of the spsA poiypeptide of Figure 2 [SEQ ED NO:2], in which several, a few, 5 to 10, 1 to 5, 1 to 3, 2, 1 or no amino acid residues are substituted, deleted or added, in any combination. Especially preferred among these are silent substitutions, additions and deletions, which do not alter the properties and activities of

the spsA. Also especially preferred in this regard are conservative substitutions. Most highly preferred are polypeptides having the amino acid sequence of Figure 2 [SEQ ID NO:2] without substitutions.

The polypeptides and polynucieotides of the present invention are preferably provided in an isolated form, and preferably are purified to homogeneity. The polypeptides of the present invention include the poiypeptide of Figure 2 [SEQ ED NO:2]

(in particular the mature poiypeptide) as well as polypeptides which have at least 70% identity to the poiypeptide of Figure 2 [SEQ ID NO:2], preferably at least 80% identity to the poiypeptide of Figure 2 [SEQ ID NO:2], and more preferably at least 90% similarity (more preferably at least 90% identity) to the poiypeptide of Figure 2 [SEQ ID NO:2] and still more preferably at least 95% similarity (still more preferably at least 95% identity) to the poiypeptide of Figure 2 [SEQ ID NO:2] and also include portions of such polypeptides with such portion of the poiypeptide generally containing at least 30 amino acids and more preferably at least 50 amino acids.

Fragments or portions of the polypeptides of the present invention may be employed for producing the corresponding full-length poiypeptide by peptide synthesis; therefore, the fragments may be employed as intermediates for producing the full-length polypeptides. Fragments or portions of the polynucieotides of the present invention may be used to synthesize full-length polynucieotides of the present invention.

Fragments

Also among preferred embodiments of this aspect of the present invention are polypeptides comprising fragments of spsA, most particularly fragments of spsA having the amino acid set out in Figure 2 [SEQ ID NO:2], and fragments of variants and derivatives of the spsA of Figure 2 [SEQ ED NO:2].

In this regard a fragment is a poiypeptide having an amino acid sequence that entirely is the same as part but not all of the amino acid sequence of the aforementioned spsA polypeptides and variants or derivatives thereof.

Such fragments may be "free-standing," i.e., not part of or fused to other amino acids or polypeptides, or they may be comprised within a larger poiypeptide of which they form a part or region. When comprised within a larger poiypeptide, the presently discussed fragments most preferably form a single continuous region. However, several fragments may be comprised within a single larger poiypeptide. For instance, certain preferred embodiments relate to a fragment of a spsA poiypeptide of the present comprised within a precursor poiypeptide designed for expression in a host and having heterologous pre and pro-polypeptide regions fused to the amino terminus of the spsA fragment and an additional region fused to the carboxyl terminus of the fragment. Therefore, fragments in one aspect of

the meaning intended herein, refers to the portion or portions of a fusion poiypeptide or fusion protein derived from spsA.

Representative examples of poiypeptide fragments of the invention, include, for example, fragments from amino acid number 1-20, 21-40, 41-60, 61-80, 81-100, and 101-151, and any combination of these 20 amino acid fragments.

In this context "about" herein includes the particularly recited ranges larger or smaller by several, a few, 5, 4, 3, 2 or 1 amino acid at either extreme or at both extremes.

Preferred fragments of the invention include, for example, truncation polypeptides of spsA. Truncation polypeptides include spsA polypeptides having the amino acid sequence of Figure 2, or of variants or derivatives thereof, except for deletion of a continuous series of residues (that is, a continuous region, part or portion) that includes the amino terminus, or a continuous series of residues that includes the carboxyl terminus or, as in double truncation mutants, deletion of two continuous series of residues, one including the amino terminus and one including the carboxyl terminus. Fragments having the size ranges set out about also are preferred embodiments of truncation fragments, which are especially preferred among fragments generally. Degradation forms of the polypeptides of the invention in a host cell, particularly a Staphylococcus, are also preferred.

Also preferred in this aspect of the invention are fragments characterized by structural or functional attributes of spsA. Preferred embodiments of the invention in this regard include fragments that comprise alpha-helix and alpha-helix forming regions, beta-sheet and beta-sheet-forming regions, rum and turn-forming regions, coil and coil-forming regions, hydrophilic regions, hydrophobic regions, alpha amphipathic regions, beta amphipathic regions, flexible regions, surface-forming regions, substrate binding region, and high antigenic index regions of spsA, and combinations of such fragments.

Preferred regions are those that mediate activities of spsA. Most highly preferred in this regard are fragments that have a chemical, biological or other activity of spsA, including those with a similar activity or an improved activity, or with a decreased undesirable activity. Further preferred poiypeptide fragments are those that are antigenic or immunogenic in an animal, especially in a human.

It will be appreciated that the invention also relates to, among others, polynucieotides encoding the aforementioned fragments, polynucieotides that hybridize to polynucieotides encoding the fragments, particularly those that hybridize under stringent conditions, and polynucieotides, such as

PCR primers, for amplifying polynucieotides that encode the fragments. In these regards, preferred polynucieotides are those that correspond to the preferred fragments, as discussed above.

Vectors, host cells, expression

The present invention also relates to vectors which comprise a polynucleotide or polynucieotides of the present invention, host cells which are genetically engineered with vectors of the invention and the production of polypeptides of the invention by recombinant techniques. Host cells can be genetically engineered to incorporate polynucieotides and express polypeptides of the present invention. Introduction of a polynucieotides into the host cell can be affected by caicium phosphate transfection, DEAE-dextran mediated transfection, transvection, microinjection, cationic lipid-mediated transfection. electroporation, transduction, scrape loading, ballistic introduction, infection or other methods. Such methods are described in many standard laboratory manuals, such as Davis et al., BASIC METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, (1986) and Sambrook et al., MOLECULAR CLONING: A LABORATORY MANUAL. 2nd Ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. (1989).

Polynucelotide constructs in host cells can be used in a conventional manner to produce the gene product encoded by the recombinant sequence. Alternatively, the polypeptides of the invention can be synthetically produced by conventional peptide synthesizers.

Mature proteins can be expressed in mammalian cells, yeast, bacteria, or other cells under the control of appropriate promoters. Cell-free translation systems can also be employed to produce such proteins using RNAs derived from the DNA constructs of the present invention. Appropriate cloning and expression vectors for use with prokaryotic and eukaryotic hosts are described by Sambrook et al., MOLECULAR CLONING: A LABORATORY MANUAL, 2nd Ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. (1989).

In accordance with this aspect of the invention the vector may be, for example, a plasmid vector, a single or double-stranded phage vector, a single or double-stranded RNA or DNA viral vector. Plasmids generally are designated herein by a lower case p preceded and/or followed by capital letters and/or numbers, in accordance with standard naming conventions that are familiar to those of skill in the art. Starting plasmids disclosed herein are either commercially available, publicly available, or can be constructed from available plasmids by routine application of well known, published procedures. Many plasmids and other cloning and expression vectors that can be used in accordance with the present invention are well known and readily available to those of skill in the art. Preferred among vectors, in certain respects, are those for expression of polynucieotides and polypeptides of the present invention. Generally, such vectors comprise ds-acting control regions effective for expression in a host operatively linked to the polynucleotide to be expressed. Appropriate trans-acting factors either are supplied by the host, supplied by a complementing vector or supplied by the vector itself upon introduction into the host.

In certain preferred embodiments in this regard, the vectors provide for specific expression. Such specific expression may be inducible expression or expression only in certain types of cells or both inducible and cell-specific Particularly preferred among inducible vectors are vectors that can be induced for expression by environmental factors that are easy to manipulate, such as temperature and nutπent additives A vaπety of vectors suitable to this aspect of the invention, including constitutive and inducible expression vectors for use in prokaryotic and eukaryotic hosts, are well known and employed routinely by those of skill in the art.

A great vaπety of expression vectors can be used to express a poiypeptide of the invention Such vectors include, among others, chromosomal, episomal and virus-deπved vectors, e g , vectors deπved from bacteπal plasmids, from bacteπophage, from transposons, from yeast episomes, from insertion elements, from yeast chromosomal elements, from viruses such as baculoviruses, papova viruses, such as SV40, vaccinia viruses, adenoviruses, fowl pox viruses, pseudorabies viruses and retroviruses, and vectors deπved from combinations thereof, such as those deπved from plasmid and bacteπophage genetic elements, such as cosmids and phagemids, all may be used for expression in accordance with this aspect of the present invention Generally, any vector suitable to maintain, propagate or express polynucieotides to express a poiypeptide in a host may be used for expression in this regard

The appropπate DNA sequence may be inserted into the vector by any of a vaπety of well- known and routine techniques, such as, for example, those set forth in Sambrook et al , MOLECULAR CLONING, A LABORATORY MANUAL, 2nd Ed , Cold Spπng Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spπng Harbor, New York (1989).

The DNA sequence in the expression vector is operatively linked to appropπate expression control sequence(s), including, for instance, a promoter to direct mRNA transcπption Representatives of such promoters include, but are limited to, the phage lambda PL promoter, the E colt lac, trp and tac promoters, the S V40 early and late promoters and promoters of retroviral LTRs.

In general, expression constructs will contain sites for transcπption initiation and termination, and, in the transcπbed region, a πbosome binding site for translation The coding portion of the mature transcπpts expressed by the constructs will include a translation initiating AUG at the beginning and a termination codon appropπately positioned at the end of the poiypeptide to be translated. In addition, the constructs may contain control regions that regulate as well as engender expression Generally, in accordance with many commonly practiced procedures, such regions will operate by controlling transcription, such as transcπption factors, repressor binding sites and termination, among others.

Vectors for propagation and expression generally will include selectable markers and amplification regions, such as, for example, those set forth in Sambrook et al , MOLECULAR CLONING, A LABORATORY MANUAL, 2nd Ed , Cold Spπng Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spπng Harbor, New York (1989) Representative examples of appropπate hosts include bacteπal cells, such as streptococci, staphylococci, E coh, streptomyces and Bacillus subtilis cells, fungal cells, such as yeast cells and Aspergillus cells, insect cells such as Drosophda S2 and Spodoptera Sf9 cells, animal cells such as CHO, COS, HeLa, C127, 3T3, BHK, 293 and Bowes melanoma cells, and plant cells

The following vectors, which are commercially available, are provided by way of example Among vectors preferred for use in bacteπa are pQE70, pQE60 and pQE-9, available from Qiagen, pBS vectors, Phagescπpt vectors, Bluescπpt vectors, pNH8A, pNHlόa, pNH18A, pNH46A, available from Stratagene, and ptrc99a, pKK223-3, pKK233-3, pDR540, pRIT5 available from Pharmacia, and pBR322 (ATCC 37017) Among preferred eukaryotic vectors are pWLNEO, pSV2CAT, pOG44, pXTl and pSG available from Stratagene, and pSVK3, pBPV, pMSG and pSVL available from Pharmacia These vectors are listed solely by way of illustration of the many commercially available and well known vectors that are available to those of skill in the art for use in accordance with this aspect of the present invention It will be appreciated that any other plasmid or vector suitable for, for example, introduction, maintenance, propagation or expression of a polynucleotide or poiypeptide of the invention in a host may be used in this aspect of the invention Promoter regions can be selected from any desired gene using vectors that contain a reporter transcπption unit lacking a promoter region, such as a chloramphenicol acetyl transferase ("CAT") transcπptioπ unit, downstream of restπction site or sites for introducing a candidate promoter fragment, . e , a fragment that may contain a promoter As is well known, introduction into the vector of a promoter-containing fragment at the restπction site upstream of the cat gene engenders production of CAT activity, which can be detected by standard CAT assays Vectors suitable to this end are well known and readily available, such as pKK232-8 and pCM7 Promoters for expression of polynucieotides of the present invention include not only well known and readily available promoters, but also promoters that readily may be obtained by the foregoing technique, using a reporter gene

Among known prokaryotic promoters suitable for expression of polynucieotides and polypeptides in accordance with the present invention are the E coh lad and lacZ and promoters, the T3 and T7 promoters, the gpt promoter, the lambda PR, PL promoters and the tip promoter.

Among known eukaryotic promoters suitable in this regard are the CMV immediate early promoter, the HSV thymidine lαnase promoter, the early and late SV40 promoters, the promoters of

retroviral LTRs, such as those of the Rous sarcoma virus ("RSV"), and metallothionein promoters, such as the mouse metallothionein-I promoter.

Recombinant expression vectors will include, for example, origins of replication, a promoter preferably derived from a highly-expressed gene to direct transcription of a downstream structural sequence, and a selectable marker to permit isolation of vector containing cells after exposure to the vector.

Polynucieotides of the invention, encoding the heterologous structural sequence of a poiypeptide of the invention generally will be inserted into the vector using standard techniques so that it is operably linked to the promoter for expression. The polynucleotide will be positioned so that the transcription start site is located appropriately 5' to a ribosome binding site. The ribosome binding site will be 5' to the AUG or GTG that initiates translation of the poiypeptide to be expressed. Generally, there will be no other open reading frames that begin with an initiation codon, usually AUG, and lie between the ribosome binding site and the initiation codon. Also, generally, there will be a translation stop codon at the end of the poiypeptide and there will be a polyadenylation signal in constructs for use in eukaryotic hosts. Transcription termination signal appropriately disposed at the 3' end of the transcribed region may also be included in the polynucleotide construct.

For secretion of the translated protein into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum, into the periplasmic space or into the extracellular environment, appropriate secretion signals may be incorporated into the expressed poiypeptide. These signals may be endogenous to the poiypeptide or they may be heterologous signals.

The poiypeptide may be expressed in a modified form, such as a fusion protein, and may include not only secretion signals but also additional heterologous functional regions. Thus, for instance, a region of additional amino acids, particularly charged amino acids, may be added to the N- terminus of the poiypeptide to improve stability and persistence in the host cell, during purification or during subsequent handling and storage. Also, region also may be added to the poiypeptide to facilitate purification. Such regions may be removed prior to final preparation of the poiypeptide. The addition of peptide moieties to polypeptides to engender secretion or excretion, to improve stability or to facilitate purification, among others, are familiar and routine techniques in the art. A preferred fusion protein comprises a heterologous region from immunolglobulin that is useful to solubilize or purify polypeptides. For example, EP-A-O 464 533 (Canadian counterpart 2045869) discloses fusion proteins comprising various portions of constant region of immunoglobin molecules together with another protein or part thereof. In drug discovery, for example, proteins have been fused with antibody Fc portions for the purpose of high-throughput screening assays to identify antagonists.

See, D. Bennett et al., Journal of Molecular Recognition, Vol. 8 52-58 (1995) and K. Johanson et al.. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, Vol. 270, No. 16, pp 9459-9471 (1995).

Cells typically then are harvested by centπfugation, disrupted by physical or chemical means, and the resulting crude extract retained for further puπfication. Microbial cells employed in expression of proteins can be disrupted by any convenient method, including freeze-thaw cycling, sonication, mechanical disruption, or use of cell lysing agents, such methods are well know to those skilled in the art.

Mammalian expression vectors may compπse an oπgin of replication, a suitable promoter and enhancer, and also any necessary πbosome binding sites, polyadenylation regions, splice donor and acceptor sites, transcπptional termination sequences, and 5' flanking non-transcπbed sequences that are necessary for expression. spsA poiypeptide can be recovered and puπfied from recombinant cell cultures by well-known methods including ammonium sulfate or ethanol precipitation, acid extraction, anion or cation exchange chromatography, phosphocellulose chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, affinity chromatography, hydroxylapatite chromatography and lectin chromatography Most preferably, high performance liquid chromatography is employed for puπfication. Well known techniques for refolding protein may be employed to regenerate active conformation when the poiypeptide is denatured during isolation and or puπfication.

Polynucleotide assays This invention is also related to the use of the spsA polynucieotides to detect complementary polynucieotides such as, for example, as a diagnostic reagent. Detection of spsA in a eukaryote, particularly a mammal, and especially a human, will provide a diagnostic method for diagnosis of a disease. Eukaryotes (herein also 'indιvιdual(s)"), particularly mammals, and especially humans, particularly those infected with an organism compπsing the spsA gene may be detected at the DNA level by a vanety of techniques. Nucleic acids for diagnosis may be obtained from an infected individual's cells and tissues, such as bone, blood, muscle, cartilage, and skin. Genomic DNA may be used directly for detection or may be amplified enzymatically by using PCR (Saiki et al., Nature, 324: 163-166 (1986) prior to analysis. RNA or cDNA may also be used in the same ways. As an example, PCR primers complementary to the nucleic acid encoding spsA can be used to identify and analyze spsA presence and/or expression. Using PCR, characteπzation of the strain of prokaryote present in a eukaryote, particularly a mammal, and especially a human, may be made by an analysis of the genotype of the prokaryote gene. For example, deletions and insertions can be detected by a change m size of the amplified product in comparison to the genotype of a reference sequence. Point mutations can be identified by hybridizing amplified DNA to radiolabeled spsA RNA or alternatively, radiolabeled spsA

antisense DNA sequences. Perfectly matched sequences can be distinguished from mismatched duplexes by RNase A digestion or by differences in melting temperatures.

Sequence differences between a reference gene and genes having mutations also may be revealed by direct DNA sequencing. In addition, cloned DNA segments may be employed as probes to detect specific DNA segments. The sensitivity of such methods can be greatly enhanced by appropriate use of PCR or another amplification method. For example, a sequencing primer is used with double- stranded PCR product or a single-stranded template molecule generated by a modified PCR. The sequence determination is performed by conventional procedures with radiolabeled nucleotide or by automatic sequencing procedures with fluorescent-tags. Genetic characterization based on DNA sequence differences may be achieved by detection of alteration in electrophoretic mobility of DNA fragments in gels, with or without denaturing agents. Small sequence deletions and insertions can be visualized by high resolution gel electrophoresis. DNA fragments of different sequences may be distinguished on denaturing formamide gradient gels in which the mobilities of different DNA fragments are retarded in the gel at different positions according to their specific melting or partial melting temperatures (see, e.g., Myers et al., Science, 230: 1242 (1985)).

Sequence changes at specific locations also may be revealed by nuclease protection assays, such as RNase and S 1 protection or the chemical cleavage method (e.g., Cotton et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, 85: 4397-4401 (1985)).

Thus, the detection of a specific DNA sequence may be achieved by methods such as hybridization, RNase protection, chemical cleavage, direct DNA sequencing or the use of restriction enzymes, e.g., restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) and Southern blotting of genomic DNA.

In addition to more conventional gel-electrophoresis and DNA sequencing, mutations also can be detected by in situ analysis. Cells carrying mutations or polymorphisms in the gene of the present invention may also be detected at the DNA level by a variety of techniques, to allow for serotyping, for example. For example, RT-PCR can be used to detect mutations. It is particularly preferred to used RT-PCR in conjunction with automated detection systems, such as, for example, GeneScan. RNA or cDNA may also be used for the same purpose, PCR or RT-PCR. As an example, PCR primers complementary to the nucleic acid encoding spsA can be used to identify and analyze mutations. These primers may be used for amplifying spsA DNA isolated from a sample derived from an individual.

. The invention provides a process for diagnosing, disease, preferably bacterial infections, more preferably Staphylococcus aureus, and most preferably upper respiratory tract (e.g. otitis media, bacterial tracheitis, acute epiglottitis, thyroiditis), lower respiratory (e.g. empyema, lung abscess),

cardiac (e.g. infective endocarditis), gastrointestinal (e.g. secretory diarrhoea, splenic abscess, retroperitoneal abscess), CNS (e.g. cerebral abscess), eye (e.g. blepharitis, conjunctivitis, keratitis, endophthalmitis, preseptal and orbital cellulitis, darcryocystitis), kidney and urinary tract (e.g. epididymitis, intrarenal and perinephric abscess, toxic shock syndrome), skin (e.g. impetigo, folliculitis , cutaneous abscesses, cellulitis, wound infection, bacterial myositis) bone and joint (e.g. septic arthritis, osteomyelitis), comprising determining from a sample derived from an individual a increased level of expression of polynucleotide having the sequence of Figure 1 [SEQ ID NO: 1 ]. Increased expression of spsA polynucleotide can be measured using any on of the methods well known in the art for the quantation of polynucieotides, such as, for example, PCR, RT-PCR, RNase protection, Northern blotting and other hybridization methods.

Poiypeptide assays

The present invention also relates to a diagnostic assays such as quantitative and diagnostic assays for detecting levels of spsA protein in cells and tissues, including determination of normal and abnormal levels. Thus, for instance, a diagnostic assay in accordance with the invention for detecting over-expression of spsA protein compared to normal control tissue samples may be used to detect the presence of an infection, for example. Assay techniques that can be used to determine levels of a spsA protein, in a sample derived from a host are well-known to those of skill in the art. Such assay methods include radioimmunoassays, competitive-binding assays, Western Blot analysis and ELISA assays. Among these ELISAs frequently are preferred. An ELISA assay initially comprises preparing an antibody specific to spsA, preferably a monoclonal antibody. In addition a reporter antibody generally is prepared which binds to the monoclonal antibody. The reporter antibody is attached a detectable reagent such as radioactive, fluorescent or enzymatic reagent, in this example horseradish peroxidase enzyme.

Antibodies The polypeptides, their fragments or other derivatives, or analogs thereof, or cells expressing them can be used as an immunogen to produce antibodies thereto. The present invention includes, for examples monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, chimeric, single chain, and humanized antibodies, as well as Fab fragments, or the product of an Fab expression library.

Antibodies generated against the polypeptides corresponding to a sequence of the present invention can be obtained by direct injection of the polypeptides into an animal or by administering the polypeptides to an animal, preferably a nonhuman. The antibody so obtained will then bind the polypeptides itself. In this manner, even a sequence encoding only a fragment of the polypeptides can be used to generate antibodies binding the whole native polypeptides. Such antibodies can then be used to isolate the poiypeptide from tissue expressing that poiypeptide.

For preparation of monoclonal antibodies, any technique known in the art which provides antibodies produced by continuous cell line cultures can be used. Examples include various techniques, suchas those in Kohler, G. and Milstein, C, Nature 256: 495-497 (1975); Kozbor et al, Immunology

Today 4: 72 (1983); Cole et al., pg. 77-96 in MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES AND CANCER THERAPY, Alan R. Liss, Inc. (1985).

Techniques described for the production of single chain antibodies (U.S. Patent No. 4,946,778) can be adapted to produce single chain antibodies to immunogenic poiypeptide products of this invention. .Also, transgenic mice, or other organisms such as other mammals, may be used to express humanized antibodies to immunogenic poiypeptide products of this invention. Alternatively phage display technology could be utilised to select antibody genes with binding activities towards the poiypeptide either from repertoires of PCR amplified v-genes of lymphocytes from humans screened for possessing anti-Ftp or from naive libraries (McCafferty, J. et al., (1990), Nature 348, 552-554; Marks. J. et al., (1992) Biotechnology 70, 779-783). The affinity of these antibodies can also be improved by chain shuffling (Clackson, T. et al., (1991) Nature 352, 624-628).

If two antigen binding domains are present each domain may be directed against a different epitope - termed 'bispecific' antibodies.

The above-described antibodies may be employed to isolate or to identify clones expressing the poiypeptide or purify the poiypeptide of the present invention by attachment of the antibody to a solid support for isolation and/or purification by affinity chromatography.

Thus, among others, antibodies against spsA may be employed to inhibit and/or treat infections, particularly bacterial infections and especially upper respiratory tract (e.g. otitis media, bacterial tracheitis, acute epiglottitis, thyroiditis), lower respiratory (e.g. empyema, lung abscess), cardiac (e.g. infective endocarditis), gastrointestinal (e.g. secretory diarrhoea, splenic abscess, retroperitoneal abscess), CNS (e.g. cerebral abscess), eye (e.g. blepharitis, conjunctivitis, keratitis, endophthalmitis, preseptal & orbital cellulitis, darcryocystitis), kidney and urinary tract (e.g. epididymitis, intrarenal and perinephric abscess, toxic shock syndrome), skin (e.g. impetigo, folliculitis , cutaneous abscesses, cellulitis, wound infection, bacterial myositis) and bone and joint (e.g. septic arthritis, osteomyelitis). Poiypeptide derivatives include antigenically, epitopically or immunologically equivalent derivatives which form a particular aspect of this invention. The term "antigenically equivalent derivative" as used herein encompasses a poiypeptide or its equivalent which will be specifically recognised by certain antibodies which, when raised to the protein or poiypeptide according to the present invention, interfere with the immediate physical interaction between pathogen and

mammalian host The term "immunologically equivalent derivative" as used herein encompasses a peptide or its equivalent which when used in a suitable formulation to raise antibodies in a vertebrate, the antibodies act to interfere with the immediate physical interaction between pathogen and mammalian host. The poiypeptide, such as an antigenically or immunologically equivalent derivative or a fusion protein thereof is used as an antigen to immunize a mouse or other animal such as a rat or chicken The fusion protein may provide stability to the poiypeptide The antigen may be associated, for example by conjugation , with an immunogenic earner protein for example bovine serum albumin (BSA) or keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) Alternatively a multiple antigenic peptide compπsing multiple copies of the the protein or poiypeptide, or an antigenically or immunologically equivalent poiypeptide thereof may be sufficiently antigenic to improve immunogenicity so as to obviate the use of a earner

Preferably the antibody or derivative thereof is modified to make it less immunogenic in the individual For example, if the individual is human the antibody may most preferably be "humanised' , where the comp mentanty determining regιon(s) of the hybπdoma-deπved antibody has been transplanted into a human monoclonal antibody , for example as descπbed in

Jones, P et al (1986), Nature 321, 522-525 or Tempest et al ,( 1991) Biotechnology 9, 266-273

The use of a polynucleotide of the invention in genetic immunisation will preferably employ a suitable delivery method such as direct injection of plasmid DNA into muscles (Wolff et al , Hum Mol Genet 1992, 1 363, Manthorpe et al , Hum Gene Ther 1963 4, 419), delivery of DNA complexed with specific protein carriers ( Wu et al , J Biol Chem 1989 264,16985), coprecipitation of DNA with calcium phosphate (Benvemsty & Reshef, PNAS, 1986 83,9551), encapsulation of DNA in vanous forms of hposomes (Kaneda et al , Science 1989 243,375), particle bombardment (Tang et al Nature 1992, 356 152, Eisenbraun et al , DNA Cell Biol 1993, 12 791) and in vivo infection using cloned retroviral vectors (Seeger et al , PNAS 1984 81,5849) spsA-binding molecules and assays

This invention also provides a method for identification of molecules, such as binding molecules, that bind spsA Genes encoding proteins that bind spsA, can be identified by numerous methods known to those of skill in the art, for example, ligand panning and FACS sorting Such methods are descπbed in many laboratory manuals such as, for instance, Coligan et al , Current Protocols in Immunology 1(2) Chapter 5 (1991) Also, a labeled ligand can be photoaffinity linked to a cell extract

Polypeptides of the invention also can be used to assess spsA binding capacity of spsA-bindmg molecules, in cells or in cell-free preparations

Polypeptides of the invention may also be used to assess the binding or small molecule substrates and ligands in, for example, cells, cell-free preparations, chemical libraries, and natural product mixtures. These substrates and ligands may be natural substrates and ligands or may be strucural or functional mimetics. Antagonists and - assays and molecules

The invention also provides a method of screening compounds to identify those which block (antagonist) the action of spsA polypeptides or polynucieotides, such as its interaction with spsA- binding molecules.

For example, to screen for antagoists, a synthetic reaction mix, a cellular compartment, such as a membrane, cell envelope or cell wall, or a preparation of any thereof, may be prepared from a cell that expresses a molecule that binds spsA. The preparation is incubated with labeled spsA in the absence or the presence of a candidate molecule which may be a spsA antagonist. The ability of the candidate molecule to bind the binding molecule is reflected in decreased binding of the labeled ligand. Molecules which bind gratuitously, i.e., without inducing the effects of spsA on binding the spsA binding molecule, are most likely to be good antagonists. spsA-Iike effects of potential antagonists may by measured, for instance, by determining activity of a reporter system following interaction of the candidate molecule with a cell or appropriate cell preparation, and comparing the effect with that of spsA or molecules that elicit the same effects as spsA. Reporter systems that may be useful in this regard include but are not limited to colorimetric labeled substrate converted into product, a reporter gene that is responsive to changes in spsA activity, and binding assays known in the art.

Another example of an assay for spsA antagonists is a competitive assay that combines spsA and a potential antagonist with membrane-bound spsA-binding molecules, recombinant spsA binding molecules, natural substrates or ligands, or substrate or ligand mimetics. under appropriate conditions for a competitive inhibition assay. spsA can be labeled, such as by radioactivity or a colorimetric compound, such that the number of spsA molecules bound to a binding molecule or converted to product can be determined accurately to assess the effectiveness of the potential antagonist.

Potential antagonists include small organic molecules, peptides, polypeptides and antibodies that bind to a poiypeptide of the invention and thereby inhibit or extinguish its activity. Potential antagonists also may be small organic molecules, a peptide, a poiypeptide such as a closely related protein or antibody that binds the same sites on a binding molecule, such as a binding molecule, without inducing spsA-induced activities, thereby preventing the action of spsA by excluding spsA from binding.

Potential antagonists include a small molecule which binds to and occupies the binding site of the poiypeptide thereby preventing binding to cellular binding molecules, such that normal biological activity is prevented Examples of small molecules include but are not limited to small organic molecules, peptides or peptide-like molecules Other potential antagonists include antisense molecules (see Okano, J Neurochem 56- 560

(1991), OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOT1DES AS ANTISENSE INHIBITORS OF GENE EXPRESSION, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL (1988), for a descπption of these molecules).

Preferred potential antagonists include compounds related to and deπvatives of spsA

In a particular aspect the invention provides the use of the poiypeptide, polynucleotide or inhibitor of the invention to interfere with the initial physical interaction between a pathogen and mammalian host responsible for sequelae of infection In particular the molecules of the invention may be used, l) in the prevention of adhesion of bacteria, in particular gram positive bacteria, to mammalian extracellular matnx proteins on in-dwelling devices or to extracellular matrix proteins in wounds, n) to block serine protease protein mediated mammalian cell invasion by, for example, initiating phosphorylation of mammalian tyrosine kinases (Rosenshme et al., Infect. Immun

60 221 1 (1992), in) to block bacteπal adhesion between mammalian extracellular matrix proteins and bacteπal serine protease proteins which mediate tissue damage, IV) to block the normal progression of pathogenesis in infections initiated other than by the implantation of m-dwelhng devices or by other surgical techniques Each of the DNA sequences provided herein may be used in the discovery and development of antibactenal compounds The encoded protein upon expression can be used as a target for the screening of antibactenal drugs Additionally, the DNA sequences encoding the amino terminal regions of the encoded protein or Shine-Delgarno or other translation facilitating sequences of the respective mRNA can be used to construct antisense sequences to control the expression of the coding sequence of interest.

The antagonists may be employed for instance to inhibit upper respiratory tract (e g otitis media, bacteπal tracheitis, acute epiglottms, thyroiditis), lower respiratory (e g. empyema, lung abscess), cardiac (e g. infective endocarditis), gastrointestinal (e g secretory diarrhoea, splenic abscess, retropeπtoneal abscess), CNS (e g cerebral abscess), eye (e g blephaπtis, conjunctivitis, keratitis, endophthalmitis, preseptal and orbital cellulitis, darcryocystitis), kidney and uπnary tract (e g. epididymitis, intrarenal and peπnephπc abscess, toxic shock syndrome), skin (e g impetigo, folliculitis, cutaneous abscesses, cellulitis, wound infection, bacteπal myositis) bone and joint (e g. septic arthπtis, osteomyelitis).

Vaccines

Another aspect of the invention relates to a method for inducing an immunological response in an individual, particularly a mammal which comprises inoculating the individual with spsA, or a fragment or variant thereof, adequate to produce antibody to protect said individual from infection, particularly bacterial infection and most particularly Staphylococcus infections. Yet another aspect of the invention relates to a method of inducing immunological response in an individual which comprises, through gene therapy, delivering gene encoding spsA, or a fragment or a variant thereof, for expressing spsA, or a fragment or a variant thereof in vivo in order to induce an immunological response to produce antibody to protect said individual from disease. A further aspect of the invention relates to an immunological composition which, when introduced into a host capable or having iduced within it an immunological response, induces an immunological response in such host to a spsA or protein coded therefrom, wherein the composition comprises a recombinant spsA or protein coded therefrom comprising DNA which codes for and expresses an antigen of said spsA or protein coded therefrom. The spsA or a fragment thereof may be fused with co-protein which may not by itself produce antibodies, but is capable of stabilizing the first protein and producing a fused protein which will have immunogenic and protective properties. Thus fused recombinant protein, preferably further comprises an antigenic co-protein, such as Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) or beta-galactosidase, relatively large co-proteins which solubilise the protein and facilitate production and purification thereof. Moreover, the cό-protein may act as an adjuvant in the sense of providing a generalized stimulation of the immune system. The co-protein may be attached to either the amino or carboxy terminus of the first protein.

Provided by this invention are methods using the described polynucleotide or particular fragments thereof which have been shown to encode non- variable regions of bacterial cell surface proteins in DNA constructs used in such genetic immunization experiments in animal models of infection with Staphylococcus aureus will be particularly useful for identifying protein epitopes able to provoke a prophylactic or therapeutic immune response. It is believed that this approach will allow for the subsequent preparation of monoclonal antibodies of particular value from the requisite organ of the animal successfully resisting or clearing infection for the development of prophylactic agents or therapeutic treatments of Staphylococcus aureus infection in mammals, particularly humans.

The poiypeptide may be used as an antigen for vaccination of a host to produce specific antibodies which protect against invasion of bacteria, for example by blocking adherence of bacteria to damaged tissue. Examples of tissue damage include wounds in skin or connective

tissue caused e.g. by mechanical, chemical or thermal damage or by implantation of indwelling devices, or wounds in the mucous membranes, such as the mouth, mammary glands, urethra or vagina.

The present invention also includes a vaccine formulation which comprises the immunogenic recombinant protein together with a suitable carrier. Since the protein may be broken down in the stomach, it is preferably administered parenterally, including, for example, administration that is subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, or intradermal. Formulations suitable for parenteral administration include aqueous and non-aqueous sterile injection solutions which may contain anti-oxidants, buffers, bacteriostats and solutes which render the formulation instonic with the bodily fluid, preferably the blood, of the individual; and aqueous and non- aqueous sterile suspensions which may include suspending agents or thickening agents. The formulations may be presented in unit-dose or multi-dose containers, for example, sealed ampoules and vials and may be stored in a freeze-dried condition requiring only the addition of the sterile liquid carrier immediately prior to use. The vaccine formulation may also include adjuvant systems for enhancing the immunogenicity of the formulation, such as oil-in water systems and other systems known in the art. The dosage will depend on the specific activity of the vaccine and can be readily determined by routine experimentation.

While the invention has been described with reference to certain spsA embodiments, it is to be understood that this covers fragments of the naturally occurring protein and similar proteins with additions, deletions or substitutions which do not substantially affect the immunogenic properties of the recombinant protein.

Compositions

The invention also relates to compositions comprising the polynucleotide or the polypeptides discussed above or the antagonists. Thus, the polypeptides of the present invention may be employed in combination with a non-sterile or sterile carrier or carriers for use with cells, tissues or organisms, such as a pharmaceutical carrier suitable for administration to a subject. Such compositions comprise, for instance, a media additive or a therapeutically effective amount of a poiypeptide of the invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient. Such carriers may include, but are not limited to, saline, buffered saline, dextrose, water, glycerol, ethanol and combinations thereof. The formulation should suit the mode of administration.

Kits

The invention further relates to diagnostic and pharmaceutical packs and kits comprising one or more containers filled with one or more of the ingredients of the aforementioned compositions of the invention. Associated with such container(s) can be a notice in the form prescribed by a governmental

agency regulating the manufacture, use or sale of pharmaceuticals or biological products, reflecting approval by the agency of the manufacture, use or sale of the product for human administration.

Administration

Polypeptides and other compounds of the present invention may be employed alone or in conjunction with other compounds, such as therapeutic compounds.

The pharmaceutical compositions may be administered in any effective, convenient manner including, for instance, administration by topical, oral, anal, vaginal, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intranasal or intradermal routes among others.

The pharmaceutical compositions generally are administered in an amount effective for treatment or prophylaxis of a specific indication or indications. In general, the compositions are administered in an amount of at least about 10 μg/kg body weight. In most cases they will be administered in an amount not in excess of about 8 mg/kg body weight per day. Preferably, in most cases, dose is from about 10 μg/kg to about 1 mg/kg body weight, daily. It will be appreciated that optimum dosage will be determined by standard methods for each treatment modality and indication, taking into account the indication, its severity, route of administration, complicating conditions and the like.

In therapy or as a prophylactic, the active agent may be administered to an individual as an injectable composition, for example as a sterile aqueous dispersion, preferably isotonic.

Alternatively the composition may be formulated for topical application for example in the form of ointments, creams, lotions, eye ointments, eye drops, ear drops, mouthwash, impregnated dressings and sutures and aerosols, and may contain appropriate conventional additives, including, for example, preservatives, solvents to assist drug penetration, and emollients in ointments and creams. Such topical formulations may also contain compatible conventional carriers, for example cream or ointment bases, and ethanol or oleyl alcohol for lotions. Such carriers may constitute from about 1% to about 98% by weight of the formulation; more usually they will constitute up to about 80% by weight of the formulation.

For administration to mammals, and particularly humans, it is expected that the daily dosage level of the active agent will be from 0.01 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg, typically around 1 mg/kg. The physician in any event will determine the actual dosage which will be most suitable for an individual and will vary with the age, weight and response of the particular individual. The above dosages are exemplary of the average case. There can, of course, be individual instances where higher or lower dosage ranges are merited, and such are within the scope of this invention.

In-dwelling devices include surgical implants, prosthetic devices and catheters, i.e., devices that are introduced to the body of an individual and remain in position for an extended

time. Such devices include, for example, artificial joints, heart valves, pacemakers, vascular grafts, vascular catheters, cerebrospinal fluid shunts, urinary catheters, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) catheters, etc.

The composition of the invention may be administered by injection to achieve a systemic effect against relevant bacteria shortly before insertion of an in-dwelling device. Treatment may be continued after surgery during the in-body time of the device. In addition, the composition could also be used to broaden perioperative cover for any surgical technique to prevent

Staphylococcus wound infections.

Many orthopaedic surgeons consider that humans with prosthetic joints should be considered for antibiotic prophylaxis before dental treatment that could produce a bacteraemia.

Late deep infection is a serious complication sometimes leading to loss of the prosthetic joint and is accompanied by significant morbidity and mortality. It may therefore be possible to extend the use of the active agent as a replacement for prophylactic antibiotics in this situation.

In addition to the therapy described above, the compositions of this invention may be used generally as a wound treatment agent to prevent adhesion of bacteria to matrix proteins exposed in wound tissue and for prophylactic use in dental treatment as an alternative to, or in conjunction with, antibiotic prophylaxis.

Alternatively, the composition of the invention may be used to bathe an indwelling device immediately before insertion. The active agent will preferably be present at a concentration of lμg/ml to lOmg/ml for bathing of wounds or indwelling devices.

A vaccine composition is conveniently in injectable form. Conventional adjuvants may be employed to enhance the immune response.

A suitable unit dose for vaccination is 0.5-5μg/kg of antigen, and such dose is preferably administered 1-3 times and with an interval of 1-3 weeks. With the indicated dose range, no adverse toxicological effects will be observed with the compounds of the invention which would preclude their administration to suitable individuals.

The antibodies described above may also be used as diagnostic reagents to detect the presence of bacteria containing the serine protease protein.

All references and patent applications disclosed herein are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.

EXAMPLES

The present invention is further described by the following examples. These exemplification's, while illustrating certain specific aspects of the invention, do not portray the limitations or circumscribe the scope of the disclosed invention. Certain terms used herein are explained in the foregoing glossary.

The following bacterial strains were used in these Examples: E. coli XL-1-Blue, JM109 and 1T41 , S. aureus RN4220, H (ATCC13801), Oxford (ATCC9144) and WCUH29 (NCIMB 40771). S. aureus strains were known in tryptone soya broth (TSB, Oxoid) or in Luria-Bertani broth (Sambrook, J., et al, (1989). Molecular Cloning: a Labaoratory manual. 2" ^a ed Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press Cold Spring Harbor NY). E. coli was cultured in Luria-Bertani broth. For solid medium. 1.5% (w/v) agar was added. Where appropriate, the medium was supplemented with lOOμg ml ampicillin for E. coli and 5 μg ml chloramphenicol for S. aureus. The S. aureus WCUH29 genomic library was constructed by Stratagene in the vector λZapII. The λZapII s. aureus H library was constructed in this laboratory according to the instructions of the manufacturers of λZapII (Stratagene). All shuttle vector constructs that were transferred from E. coli to S. aureus WCUH29 were first used to transform the restriction-minus S. aureus strain RN4220 and plasmid purified there from was used to transform S. aureus WCUH29. Plasmids used in this study are described in the examples below. Example 1 DNA Cloning (A) DNA techniques and materials

Plasmid DNA was isolated using the RPM Kit (Bio 101 Inc.) or the Wizard Midiprep DNA Purification System (Promega). PCR products were isolated by horizontal agarose gel electrophoresis, treated with Agarase (Boehringer Mannheim) and purified with the Wizard DNA Clean-Up System (Promega). Chromosomal DNA was isolated from E. coli and S. aureus using either the Genomic DNA Purification Kit (Bacterial) (Advanced Genetic Technologies Corp.) or following published procedures (Marmur, J. (1961). J. Mol. Biol. J:208-218). An incubation and the appropriate quantity of lysotaphin (Applied Microbiology Inc.) was included during the preparation of plasmid and chromosomal DNA from S. aureus to facilitate cell lysis. λZapII library clones were excised and recircularized to form recombinant phagemid as described in the manufacturer's instructions. Procedures for DNA restriction and dephophorylation, agarose gel electrophoresis, PCR and transformation of competent E. coli cells were performed essentially as described in Sambrook et al. (Sambrook, J., et al, (1989). Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory manual. 2 ^nd ed Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press Cold Spring Harbor NY). Electrocompetent

S. aureus cells were prepared as described by Schenk and Laddaga (Schenk, S. and R.A. Laddaga. 1992. Micorobiol. Letts. 94: 133-138) with the following modifications: the bacteria were grown in TSB and washed at 2500xg for 5 times at 20°C. Competent cells and plasmid DNA were electroporated in 1 mm gap electroporation cuvettes at 20°C, 100 Ω, 25μF, and 2.3 kV in a Gene Pulser apparatus with pulse controller (Bio-Rad Laboratories Ltd.). Restriction enzymes and calf intestine alkaline phosphatase were purchased from Promega, ligations were performed using a DNA Ligation Kit (Amersham) as described in the manufacturer's instructions, sequencing was performed using the Sequence Version 2.0 DNA Sequencing Kit (Amersham). PCR reactions, optimized using the Opti-Prime Kit (Stratagene), were performed on the Hybaid OmniGene thermal cycler using either Pfu DNA polymerase (Promega) and the products cloned using the Ta- Cloning Kit (Invitrogen), the pGEM-T Cloning Kit (Promega) or the DNA Ligation Kit (Amersham). Oligonucleotides were synthesized by Cruachem Ltd or R&D Systems Europe Ltd. PCR primer sequences [SEQ ID NO:4- 13], with intentional differences from template sequence shown in upper case, were as follows: Primer A (g/a)tlgg(a/t)(c/t)tlcc(a/t)gg(a/t)ga(a/t)al(a t)(g/a)t [SEQ ID NO:4]

(Primer A RtlggWYtlccWggWgaWalWRt [SEQ ID NO:4])

Primer B c(t/g)(a/g)tt(a/g)tc(t/a)cccatla(t/c)(a/g)aa(a/g)ta [SEQ ID NO:5]

(Primer B cKRttRtcWcccatlaYRaaRta [SEQ ID NO:5j)

Primer C tgGAaTTCAtgaaaaaagaaCtGttggaatggattatttc [SEQ ID NO:6] Primer D atttgtAAGCtTttaGtttttGgtGttttcaggattgaaa [SEQ ID NO:7]

Primer E ctgGATCCcgcttgattagttttattga [SEQ ID NO:8J

Primer F ttGGtACCttttgacacctctttttaag [SEQ ID NO:9]

Primer G aaGGtACCtatgaaacaaatacaacatc [SEQ ID NO: 10]

Primer H atG A AtTCtcaatataattgtgacactc [SEQ ID NO : 1 1 ] Primer I atattagagcgataattcc [SEQ ID NO: 12]

Primer J gttcatttgctattcttc [SEQ ID NO: 13]

(B) PCR Cycle Conditions for Primer Pairs A+B [SEQ ID NO:4 AND 5]: 5 min at 94°C, 30 cycles of [ 1 min at 94°C, 1 min at 42°C, 1 min at 72°C], 5 mins at 72°C.

C+D [SEQ ID NO:6 AND 7]: 5 mins at 94°C, 15 cycles of [1 min at 94°C, 1 min at 50°C, 1 min at 72°C], 5 mins at 72°C.

E+F [SEQ ID NO:8 AND 9]: 5 mins at 94°C, 15 cycles of [1 min at 94°C, 1 min at 60°C, 2 mins at 72°C], 5 mins at 72°C.

G+H [SEQ ID NO:10 AND 1 1]: 5 mins at 94°C, 15 cycles of [1 min at 94°C, 1 min at 45°C, 2 mins at 72°C, 2 mins at 72°C], 5 mins at 72°C. I+J [SEQ ID NO: 12 AND 13]: 5 mins at 94°C, 30 cycles of [1 min at 94°C, 1 min at 42°C, 3 mins at 72°C], 5 mins at 72°C.

DNA was Southern blotted from 0.7% (w/v) agarose gels onto nylon membranes (Hybond-N', Amersham) as described in the manufacturer's instructions. For library screening purposes plaques were transferred to nylon membranes (Hybond-N, Amersham) as described in the manufacturer's instructions. Membranes were hybridized with either oligonucleotide or whole gene probes labeled using the ECL 3'-oligolabelling kit or the ECL random prime labeling kit (Amersham) as appropriate. Washing and detection steps were performed as described in the manufacturer's instructions. All sequence data manipulation was performed with the Wisconsin Package of Genetics Computer Group. (C) PCR Cloning

A strategy was devised to clone SPase by PCR using primers A+B [SEQ ID NO:4 AND 5] as described above. A fragment of DNA of the expected length, based upon the known size of SPases from Bacillus, was obtained from a preparation of genomic DNA from S. aureus Oxford. The 163 bp of sequence so derived is highly homologous to 163 bp of the sipS gene from B. subtillis implying that a fragment of a gene encoding a type-I SPase had been cloned. The PCR product was labeled and used to probe a λZap-II library of S. aureus WCUH29 genomic DNA in order to obtain full sequence information. A positive clone was identified and the recombinant plasmid (pKCIO) excised, cut with several restriction enzymes, blotted and probed with the same labeled DNA fragment as aforementioned. A Sα/7-digested pKCIO preparation was religated to form plasmid pKCl l. The DNA sequence of 3093 bp of insert DNA was determined by oligonucleotide walking in both directions from within the sequence originally derived by PCR. Figure 3 [SEQ ID NO:3] shows 1220 nucleotides of DNA sequence from the chromosome of S. aureus WCUH29 of which nucleotides 817-1025 represent the probe region. The probe sequence comprises part of a potential open reading frame (ORF) which in its entirely encodes a poiypeptide of 151 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 21, 692 Da and with a single section of hydrophobic residues close to the N-terminus that probably form a single transmembrane anchor. The small surface-exposed domain and single transmembrane anchor are

typical of SPases from G+ eubacteria. The predicted protein has high homology with all known G+SPases and the gene has been named spsB (signal peptidase from Staphylococcus). It is noteworthy that the highest levels of sequence similarity are in regions of the protein corresponding to the most highly conserved regions of known SPases. All three of these regions within the B. subtilis SPase, and two within LPase from E. coli contain at least one residue that is critical for catalytic activity (Black, M.T. (1993). J. Bacteriol. 775:4957-4961 ; Tschantz, W.R., et al, (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268:27349-27354; van Dijl, J.M., et al, (1995). J. Biol. Chem. 270:361 1-3618). A second ORF, named spsA. proximal to the spsB gene (separated by 15 nucleotides) putatively encodes a protein of 174 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 20,146 Da. Sequence comparison reveals that this protein in also similar to known SPase sequences. An optimized alignment of SpsB with SpsA results in 62% similarly and 31% identify between the two sequences. The regions of highest sequence conservation are concentrated within or close together. However, a surprising observation is the fact that neither the serine nor the lysine residue known to be essential for catalytic activity in known type-I SPases are conserved in SpsA. In order to ascertain that the existence of spsA is not peculiar to the WCUH29 strain of S. aureus a λZapII library of DNA isolated from S. aureus strain H was probed with the probe originally used to identify clones containing the spsA/B genes from strain WCUH29. Close homoiogues of both spsA and spsB were also discovered in S. aureus H; SpsA homoiogues also lack active-site serine and lysine residues.

SEQUENCE LISTING

(1) GENERAL INFORMATION

(i) APPLICANT: Black, Michael O'Dwyer, Karen

(ii) TITLE OF THE INVENTION: spsA Polynucieotides and Polypeptides

(iii) NUMBER OF SEQUENCES: 13

(iv) CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS:

(A) ADDRESSEE: SmithKline Beecham Corporation

(B) STREET: 709 Swedeland Road

(C) CITY: King of Prussia

(D) STATE: PA

(E) COUNTRY: USA

(F) ZIP: 19406-0939

(v) COMPUTER READABLE FORM:

(A) MEDIUM TYPE: Diskette

(B) COMPUTER: IBM Compatible

(C) OPERATING SYSTEM: DOS

(D) SOFTWARE: FastSEQ for Windows Version 2.0

(vi) CURRENT APPLICATION DATA:

(A) APPLICATION NUMBER:

(B) FILING DATE: 30-SEP-1997

(C) CLASSIFICATION:

(vii) PRIOR APPLICATION DATA:

(A) APPLICATION NUMBER: 60/027,218

(B) FILING DATE: 30-SEP-1996

(A) APPLICATION NUMBER: 60/027,220

(B) FILING DATE: 01-OCT-1996

(A) APPLICATION NUMBER: 60/027,075

(B) FILING DATE: 30-SEP-1996

(viii) ATTORNEY/AGENT INFORMATION:

(A) NAME: Gimmi, Edward R

(B) REGISTRATION NUMBER: 38,891

(C) REFERENCE/DOCKET NUMBER: P50557

(ix) TELECOMMUNICATION INFORMATION:

(A) TELEPHONE: 610-270-4478

(B) TELEFAX: 610-270-5090

(C) TELEX:

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 1:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:

(A) LENGTH: 525 base pairs

(B) TYPE: nucleic acid

(C) ΞTRANDEDNESS: single

(D) TOPOLOGY: linear

(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: Genomic DNA

(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 1 :

GTGAAAAAAG TTGTAAAATA TTTGATTTCA TTGATACTTG CTATTATCAT TGTACTGTTC 60

GTACAAACTT TTGTAATAGT TGGTCATGTC ATTCCGAATA ATGATATGTC GCCAACCCTT 120

AACAAAGGGG ATCGTGTTAT TGTAAATAAA ATTAAAGTTA CATTTAATCA ATTGAATAAT 180

GGTGATATCA TTACATATAG GCGTGGTAAC GAGATATATA CTAGTCGAAT TATTGCCAAA 240

CCTGGTCAAT CAATGGCGTT TCGTCAGGGA CAATTATACC GTGATGACCG ACCGGTTGAC 300

GCATCTTATG CCAAGAACAG AAAAATTAAA GATTTTAGTT TGCGCAATTT TAAAGAATTA 360

GATGGAGATA TTATACCGCC TAACAATTTT GTTGTGCTAA ATGATCATGA TAACAATCAG 420

CATGATTCTA GACAATTTGG TTTAATTGAT AAAAAGGATA TTATTGGTAA TATAAGTTTG 480

AGATATTATC CTTTTTCAAA ATGGACGATT CAGTTCAAAT CTTAA 525

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:2 :

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:

(A) LENGTH: 174 amino acids

(B) TYPE: amino acid

(C) STRANDEDNESΞ: single

(D) TOPOLOGY: linear

( ii ) MOLECULE TYPE : protein

(Xi ) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION : SEQ ID NO : 2 :

Met Lys Lys Val Val Lys Tyr Leu He Ser Leu He Leu Ala He He

1 5 10 15

He Val Leu Phe Val Gin Thr Phe Val He Val Gly His Val He Pro 20 25 30

Asn Asn Asp Met Ser Pro Thr Leu Asn Lys Gly Asp Arg Val He Val

35 40 45

Asn Lys He Lys Val Thr Phe Asn Gin Leu Asn Asn Gly Asp He He

50 55 60

Thr Tyr Arg Arg Gly Asn Glu He Tyr Thr Ser Arg He He Ala Lys 65 70 75 80

Pro Gly Gin Ser Met Ala Phe Arg Gin Gly Gin Leu Tyr Arg Asp Asp

85 90 95

Arg Pro Val Asp Ala Ser Tyr Ala Lys Asn Arg Lys He Lys Asp Phe

100 105 110

Ser Leu Arg Asn Phe Lys Glu Leu Asp Gly Asp He He Pro Pro Asn

115 120 125

Asn Phe Val Val Leu Asn Asp His Asp Asn Asn Gin His Asp Ser Arg

130 135 _ 140

Gin Phe Gly Leu He Asp Lys Lys Asp He He Gly Asn He Ser Leu 145 150 155 160

Arg Tyr Tyr Pro Phe Ser Lys Trp Thr He Gin Phe Lys Ser 165 170

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:3 :

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:

(A) LENGTH: 1220 base pairs

(B) TYPE: nucleic acid

(C) STRANDEDNESS: single

(D) TOPOLOGY: linear

(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: Genomic DNA

(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 3:

TAGAACAGCA TTTTATGGGA TCGAAAAAGG AGTGACATCG TGAAAAAAGT TGTAAAATAT 60

TTGATTTCAT TGATACTTGC TATTATCATT GTACTGTTCG TACAAACTTT TGTAATAGTT 120

GGTCATGTCA TTCCGAATAA TGATATGTCG CCAACCCTTA ACAAAGGGGA TCGTGTTATT 180

GTAAATAAAA TTAAAGTTAC ATTTAATCAA TTGAATAATG GTGATATCAT TACATATAGG 240

CGTGGTAACG AGATATATAC TAGTCGAATT ATTGCCAAAC CTGGTCAATC AATGGCGTTT 300

CGTCAGGGAC AATTATACCG TGATGACCGA CCGGTTGACG CATCTTATGC CAAGAACAGA 360

AAAATTAAAG ATTTTAGTTT GCGCAATTTT AAAGAATTAG ATGGAGATAT TATACCGCCT 420

AACAATTTTG TTGTGCTAAA TGATCATGAT AACAATCAGC ATGATTCTAG ACAATTTGGT 480

TTAATTGATA AAAAGGATAT TATTGGTAAT ATAAGTTTGA GATATTATCC TTTTTCAAAA 540

TGGACGATTC AGTTCAAATC TTAAAAAGAG GTGTCAAAAT TGAAAAAAGA ATTATTGGAA 600

TGGATTATTT CAATTGCAGT CGCTTTTGTC ATTTTATTTA TAGTAGGTAA ATTTATTGTT 660

ACACCATATA CAATTAAAGG TGAATCAATG GATCCAACTT TGAAAGATGG CGAGCGAGTA 720

GCTGTAAACA TTATTGGATA TAAAACAGGT GGTTTGGAAA AAGGTAATGT AGTTGTCTTC 780

CATGCAAACA AAAATGATGA CTATGTTAAA CGTGTCATCG GTGTTCCTGG TGATAAAGTA 840

GAATATAAAA ATGATACATT A TGTCAAT GGTAAAAAAC AAGATGAACC ATATTTAAAC 900

TATAATTTAA AACATAAACA AGGTGATTAC ATTACTGGGA CTTTCCAAGT TAAAGATTTA 960

CCGAATGCGA ATCCTAAATC AAATGTCATT CCAAAAGGTA AATATTTAGT TCTTGGAGAT 1020

AATCGTGAAG TAAGTAAAGA TAGCCGTGCG TTTGGCCTCA TTGATGAAGA CCAAATTGTT 1080

GGTAAAGTTT CATTTAGATT CTGGCCATTT AGTGAATTTA AACATAATTT CAATCCTGAA 1140

AATACTAAAA ATTAATATGA AACAAATACA ACATCGTTTG TCGGTTTTAA TACTGATAAA 1200

CGATGTTTTA TTTTGTTAGT 1220

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:4:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:

(A) LENGTH: 23 base pairs

(B) TYPE: nucleic acid

(C) STRANDEDNESS: single

(D) TOPOLOGY: linear

(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: Genomic DNA

(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:4:

RTNGGWYTNC CWGGWGAWAN WRT 23

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:5 :

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:

(A) LENGTH: 23 base pairs

(B) TYPE: nucleic acid

(C) STRANDEDNESS: single

(D) TOPOLOGY: linear

(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: Genomic DNA

(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:5:

CKRTTRTCWC CCATNAYRAA RTA 23

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 6:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:

(A) LENGTH: 40 base pairs

(B) TYPE: nucleic acid

(C) STRANDEDNESS: single

(D) TOPOLOGY: linear

(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: Genomic DNA

(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:6:

TGGAATTCAT GAAAAAAGAA CTGTTGGAAT GGATTATTTC 40

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:7:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:

(A) LENGTH: 40 base pairs

(B) TYPE: nucleic acid

(C) STRANDEDNESS: single

(D) TOPOLOGY: linear

(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: Genomic DNA

(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 7:

ATTTGTAAGC TTTTAGTTTT TGGTGTTTTC AGGATTGAAA 40

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:8:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:

(A) LENGTH: 28 base pairs

(B) TYPE: nucleic acid

(C) STRANDEDNESS: single

(D) TOPOLOGY: linear

(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: Genomic DNA

(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:8:

CTGGATCCCG CTTGATTAGT TTTATTGA 28

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 9:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:

(A) LENGTH: 28 base pairs

(B) TYPE: nucleic acid

(C) STRANDEDNESS: single

(D) TOPOLOGY: linear

(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: Genomic DNA

(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 9:

TTGGTACCTT TTGACACCTC TTTTTAAG 28

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:10:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:

(A) LENGTH: 28 base pairs

(B) TYPE: nucleic acid

(C) STRANDEDNESS: single

(D) TOPOLOGY: linear

(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: Genomic DNA

(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 10:

AAGGTACCTA TGAAACAAAT ACAACATC 28

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 11:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:

(A) LENGTH: 28 base pairs

(B) TYPE: nucleic acid

(C) STRANDEDNESS: single

(D) TOPOLOGY: linear

(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: Genomic DNA

(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 11:

ATGAATTCTC AATATAATTG TGACACTC 28

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 12:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:

(A) LENGTH: 19 base pairs

(B) TYPE: nucleic acid

(C) STRANDEDNESS: single

(D) TOPOLOGY: linear

(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: Genomic DNA

(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:12:

ATATTAGAGC GATAATTCC 19

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:13:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:

(A) LENGTH: 18 base pairs

(B) TYPE: nucleic acid

(C) STRANDEDNESS: single

(D) TOPOLOGY: linear

(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: Genomic DNA

(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:13:

GTTCATTTGC TATTCTTC 18