ASSOCIATING CARRIER PHASE MEASUREMENTS WITH PATHS FOR POSITIONING TECHNICAL FIELD The present disclosure relates, in general, to wireless communications and, more particularly, systems and methods for associating carrier phase measurements with paths for positioning. BACKGROUND Positioning has been a topic for standardization since 3 ^rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Release 9. The primary objective is to fulfill regulatory requirements for emergency call positioning. Positioning in New Radio (NR) is proposed to be supported by the architecture shown in FIGURE 1. Specifically, FIGURE 1 illustrates Next Generation-Radio Access Network (NG- RAN) Release 15 Location Services (LCS) protocols. Location Management Function (LMF) is the location node in NR. There are also interactions between the location node and the gNodeB (gNB) via the NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa). The interactions between the gNB and the device is supported via the Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol. It is noted that, though depicted in FIGURE 1, gNB and Next Generation- eNB (ng-eNB) may not always both be present. It is further noted that, when both the gNB and the ng-eNB are present, the Next Generation-Core (NG-C) interface is only present for one of them. In the legacy Long Term Evolution (LTE) standards, the following techniques are supported: ^ Enhanced Cell Identifier (ID): Essentially, the network provides cell ID information to associate the wireless device (e.g., User Equipment (UE)) to the serving area of a serving cell, and then additional information is used to determine a finer granularity position. ^ Assisted Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS): GNSS information is retrieved by the device. This is supported by assistance information provided by the network to the device from Evolved-Serving Mobile Location Centre (E- SMLC). ^ Observed Time Difference of Arrival (OTDOA): The device estimates the time difference of reference signals from different base stations and sends to the E- SMLC for multilateration. ^ Uplink Time Difference of Arrival (UTDOA): The device is requested to transmit a specific waveform that is detected by multiple location measurement units (e.g., an eNB) at known positions. These measurements are forwarded to E-SMLC for multilateration. ^ Sensor: Sensor methods such as Biometric pressure sensor provide vertical position of the device, and Inertial Motion Unit (IMU) provides displacement. NR supports below Radio Access Technology (RAT) dependent positioning methods: ^ Downlink Time Difference of Arrival (DL-TDOA): The DL TDOA positioning method makes use of the downlink (DL) Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD) (and optionally DL Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)) of DL signals received from multiple transmission points (TPs), at the UE. The UE measures the DL RSTD (and optionally DL PRS RSRP) of the received signals using assistance data received from the positioning server, and the resulting measurements are used along with other configuration information to locate the UE in relation to the neighboring TPs. ^ Multi-Round Trip Time (Multi-RTT): The Multi-RTT positioning method makes use of the UE Receive-Transmit (Rx-Tx) measurements and DL PRS RSRP of DL signals received from multiple Transmission Reception Points (TRPs), measured by the UE and the measured gNB Rx-Tx measurements and uplink (UL) Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) RSRP at multiple TRPs of UL signals transmitted from UE. ^ UL-TDOA: The UL TDOA positioning method makes use of the UL TDOA (and optionally UL SRS-RSRP) at multiple Reception Points (RPs) of uplink signals transmitted from UE. The RPs measure the UL TDOA (and optionally UL SRS- RSRP) of the received signals using assistance data received from the positioning server, and the resulting measurements are used along with other configuration information to estimate the location of the UE. ^ Downlink Angle of Departure (DL-AoD): The DL AoD positioning method makes use of the measured DL PRS RSRP of downlink signals received from multiple TPs at the UE. The UE measures the DL PRS RSRP of the received signals using assistance data received from the positioning server, and the resulting measurements are used along with other configuration information to locate the UE in relation to the neighboring TPs. ^ Uplink Angle of Arrival (UL-AoA): The UL AoA positioning method makes use of the measured azimuth and zenith of arrival at multiple RPs of UL signals transmitted from the UE. The RPs measure Azimuth-Angle of Arrival (A-AoA) and Zenith-Angle of Arrival (Z-AoA) of the received signals using assistance data received from the positioning server, and the resulting measurements are used along with other configuration information to estimate the location of the UE. ^ NR Enhanced Cell ID (NR E-CID): NR-E-CID positioning refers to techniques that use additional UE measurements and/or NR radio resources and other measurements to improve the UE location estimate. The positioning modes can be categorized in below three areas: ^ UE-Assisted: The UE performs measurements with or without assistance from the network and sends these measurements to the E-SMLC where the position calculation may take place. ^ UE-Based: The UE performs measurements and calculates its own position with assistance from the network. ^ Standalone: The UE performs measurements and calculates its own without network assistance. GNSS Carrier Phase Based Positioning A GNSS receiver can measure two observables for each GNSS satellite: 1. A pseudo range measurement: A time-of-arrival measurement that corresponds to the range to the satellite with an additional offset due to imperfect synchronization between the receiver and the satellite. The measurement includes other sources of errors too. 2. A carrier phase observable: The carrier phase measurement is in the range ^02 ^^^. It reflects the phase offset between the internal oscillator of the receiver and the incoming signal. In high-precision GNSS, the carrier phase observable can be used to acquire very accurate range information. NR Carrier Phase Based Positioning In the Release 18 Study Item Description for Expanded and improved NR positioning, the objective below is stated: ^ Study solutions for accuracy improvement based on NR carrier phase measurements [RAN1, RAN4] o Reference signals, physical layer measurements, physical layer procedures to enable positioning based on NR carrier phase measurements for both UE-based and UE-assisted positioning [RAN1] o Focus on reuse of existing PRS and SRS, with new reference signals only considered if found necessary See, RP-213561, New SID on Study on expanded and improved NR positioning, 3GPP TSG RAN Meeting #94e. There currently exist certain challenge(s), however. For example, GNSS carrier phase positioning has been successfully used for centimeter-level accuracy positioning but is limited to outdoor applications. One objective of the 3GPP Release 18 positioning study item (SI) is to investigate if carrier phase-based positioning can be implemented for NR with similar gains in both indoor and outdoor deployments. A carrier phase measurement of a receiver is the difference in phase between an incoming signal and an internal reference (oscillator) of the receiver. The range between a transmitter and a receiver is N complete wavelengths (an integer) and a fraction of a wavelength. In line-of-sight (LOS) conditions and no multipath, a carrier phase measurement reflects the final fraction of a wavelength, which can be used for positioning. However, in multipath conditions, the carrier phase measurement is affected by all paths between the transmitter (Tx) and the receiver (Rx). This may render it inaccurate or even useless for positioning. SUMMARY Certain aspects of the disclosure and their embodiments may provide solutions to these or other challenges. For example, methods and systems are provided for carrier phase measurement that is associated with a specific path between a transmitter and receiver. More specifically, according to certain embodiments, signaling is provided to enable a UE and a TRP to report the path specific carrier phase measurement to LMF to be processed for positioning purposes. According to certain embodiments, a method by a first radio node for carrier phase-based positioning includes receiving, from a second radio node, at least one reference signal. The first radio node transmits at least one path carrier phase measurement for at least one detected propagation path between the first radio node and the second radio node. The at least one path carrier phase measurement is based on the at least one reference signal. According to certain embodiments, a first radio node for carrier phase-based positioning is adapted to receive, from a second radio node, at least one reference signal. The first radio node is adapted to transmit at least one path carrier phase measurement for at least one detected propagation path between the first radio node and the second radio node. The at least one path carrier phase measurement is based on the at least one reference signal. According to certain embodiments, a method by a second radio node for carrier phase- based positioning includes transmitting, to a first radio node, at least one reference signal and receiving, from the first radio node, at least one path carrier phase measurement for at least one detected propagation path between the first radio node and the second radio node. The at least one path carrier phase measurement is based on the at least one reference signal. According to certain embodiments, a second radio node for carrier phase-based positioning is adapted to transmit, to a first radio node, at least one reference signal. The second radio node is adapted to receive, from the first radio node, at least one path carrier phase measurement for at least one detected propagation path between the first radio node and the second radio node. The at least one path carrier phase measurement is based on the at least one reference signal. According to certain embodiments, a method by a core network node operating as a LMF includes receiving, from a radio node, at least one path carrier phase measurement for at least one detected propagation path between the radio node and a UE. According to certain embodiments, a core network node operating as a LMF is adapted to receive, from a radio node, at least one path carrier phase measurement for at least one detected propagation path between the radio node and a UE. Certain embodiments may provide one or more of the following technical advantage(s). For example, certain embodiments may provide a technical advantage of enabling carrier phase measurement for a LOS path that is and will not be contaminated by errors due to additional paths. With appropriate signaling support, these measurements can be provided to LMF to be used for positioning estimation. When the described methods and systems for measurement are used for carrier phase-based positioning, the accuracy can be better than with a carrier phase measurement that does not discriminate between the LOS path and additional paths between the Rx and Tx. As another example, certain embodiments may provide a technical advantage of enabling and/or improving carrier phase measurement for non-line-of-sight (NLOS) paths. The systems and methods for carrier phase measurement described herein can be used to acquire the length of such NLOS path with a higher accuracy than what would be possible with carrier phase measurement that does not discriminate between different paths between Rx and Tx. With appropriate signaling support, these measurements can be provided to LMF to be used for positioning estimation. This will in turn enable LMF to obtain higher accuracy in the position estimation. Other advantages may be readily apparent to one having skill in the art. Certain embodiments may have none, some, or all of the recited advantages. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS For a more complete understanding of the disclosed embodiments and their features and advantages, reference is now made to the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: FIGURE 1 illustrates NG-RAN Release 15 LCS protocols; FIGURE 2 illustrates an example communication system, according to certain embodiments; FIGURE 3 illustrates an example UE, according to certain embodiments; FIGURE 4 illustrates an example network node, according to certain embodiments; FIGURE 5 illustrates a block diagram of a host, according to certain embodiments; FIGURE 6 illustrates a virtualization environment in which functions implemented by some embodiments may be virtualized, according to certain embodiments; FIGURE 7 illustrates a host communicating via a network node with a UE over a partially wireless connection, according to certain embodiments; FIGURE 8 illustrates a method by a first radio node for carrier phase-based positioning, according to certain embodiments; FIGURE 9 illustrates a method by a second radio node for carrier phase-based positioning, according to certain embodiments; and FIGURE 10 illustrates a method by a core network node operating as a LMF for carrier phase-based positioning, according to certain embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Some of the embodiments contemplated herein will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Embodiments are provided by way of example to convey the scope of the subject matter to those skilled in the art. As used herein, ‘node’ can be a network node or a UE. Examples of network nodes are NodeB, base station (BS), multi-standard radio (MSR) radio node such as MSR BS, eNodeB (eNB), gNodeB (gNB), Master eNB (MeNB), Secondary eNB (SeNB), integrated access backhaul (IAB) node, network controller, radio network controller (RNC), base station controller (BSC), relay, donor node controlling relay, base transceiver station (BTS), Central Unit (e.g. in a gNB), Distributed Unit (e.g. in a gNB), Baseband Unit, Centralized Baseband, C-RAN, access point (AP), transmission points, transmission nodes, Remote Radio Unit (RRU), Remote Radio Head (RRH), nodes in distributed antenna system (DAS), core network node (e.g. Mobile Switching Center (MSC), Mobility Management Entity (MME), etc.), Operations & Maintenance (O&M), Operations Support System (OSS), Self Organizing Network (SON), positioning node (e.g. E- SMLC), etc. Another example of a node is user equipment (UE), which is a non-limiting term and refers to any type of wireless device communicating with a network node and/or with another UE in a cellular or mobile communication system. Examples of UE are target device, device to device (D2D) UE, vehicular to vehicular (V2V), machine type UE, MTC UE or UE capable of machine to machine (M2M) communication, Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), Tablet, mobile terminals, smart phone, laptop embedded equipment (LEE), laptop mounted equipment (LME), Unified Serial Bus (USB) dongles, etc. In some embodiments, generic terminology, “radio network node” or simply “network node (NW node)”, is used. It can be any kind of network node which may comprise base station, radio base station, base transceiver station, base station controller, network controller, evolved Node B (eNB), Node B, gNodeB (gNB), relay node, access point, radio access point, Remote Radio Unit (RRU) Remote Radio Head (RRH), Central Unit (e.g. in a gNB), Distributed Unit (e.g. in a gNB), Baseband Unit, Centralized Baseband, C-RAN, access point (AP), etc. The term radio access technology (RAT), may refer to any RAT such as, for example, Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRA), Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRA), narrow band internet of things (NB-IoT), WiFi, Bluetooth, next generation RAT, NR, 4G, 5G, etc. Any of the equipment denoted by the terms node, network node or radio network node may be capable of supporting a single or multiple RATs. According to certain embodiments described herein, methods and systems are provided for carrier phase measurement that is associated with a specific path between a transmitter and receiver. More specifically, signaling is provided to enable a UE and a TRP to report the path specific carrier phase measurement to LMF to be processed for positioning purposes. Particular embodiments relate to how the measurement can be reported for one or several paths by both a UE and/or a TRP to LMF. Carrier Phase Measurement Per Path In positioning, we are interested in the length of path between different Tx(s) and Rx(s). Primarily, the LOS path is interesting (if there is one), but the length of additional multipath can also be informative. The channel between a Tx and a Rx can be described as a sum of contributions from different propagation paths. A Tapped Delay Line (TDL) model has the form ^ ^{ℎ^ ^^^ ൌ} _^ ^{^^} _^ ^{^^^ ^^ െ ^^} _^ ^{^} See, 3GPP TR 38.901, Study on from 0.5 to 100 GHz. A ^{bove, P is the total number of paths, ^^^ is the path gain and ^^^ the path delay, ^^ ൌ} _{1, … , ^^. We call the path with shortest path delay the “first path”. If there is a LOS path, then it is} also the first path since it has traversed the shortest distance. The length of the path ^^ ∈ 1, … , ^^, is ^^ _^ ൌ ^^ _^ ^^, where c is the speed of light. If the transmitter sends a stationary sinusoidal with angular frequency ^^ ൌ 2 ^^ ^^ (f is the frequency): ^^^ ^^^ ൌ ^^ sin^ ^^ ^^^, then the receiver will get ^ ^{^} ^ _^ ^{^} _^^ ^{^} _ൌ ^{^} _{ℎ ∗ ^^} ^{^^} _^^ ^{^} _{ൌ ^ ^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^ ^^൫ ^^ െ ^^^൯^} ൌ ^ ^^ ^^ _^ ^^ ^^ ^^൫ ^^ ^^ െ ^^ _^ ൯ where ^^ _^ is ^^ _^ ൌ ^^ ^^ _^ ^^ ^^ ^^ 2 ^^ Since a sum of sinosoids with the same frequency but different phase is another sinusoid, we have that ^ _^ ^{^} _^^ ^{^} _{ൌ ^^ sin ^ ^^ ^^ െ ^^^.} Above, the exact values of the coefficient B and phase shift ^^ follows from the values of ^^, ^^ _^ and ^^ _^ , ^^ ൌ 1, … , ^^. As already mentioned, a regular carrier phase measurement of a Rx is the difference in between an incoming signal and an internal reference (oscillator) of the Rx. That means that the carrier phase measurement can be expressed ^^ ൌ ^^ ^ Δ, where Δ is an offset due to that the Tx and Rx oscillators are not synchronized. There are methods to cancel out this offset, but that is not the problem addressed here. Instead, note that the measurement z includes the phase ^^ which includes contributions of all paths. According to certain embodiments disclosed herein, it is proposed instead to measure and report: ^^ _^ ൌ ^^ _^ ^ Δ, ^^ ൌ 1, … , ^^. The carrier wavelength is ^^ ൌ _^ . For a transmitter–receiver pair, the length of path p can be expressed: ^^ ൌ ^^ ^^ ^{థ^} ^ ^ _ଶగ ^^, where N is an integer number of when the objective is to acquire length information about path ^^, whether it is a LOS or not, the phase ^^ _^ is informative. (More informative than ^^ for all paths.) With wideband signals like DL PRS and UL SRS, it is possible for the Rx to estimate a TDL model for the channel, including the gains and delays ^^ _^ , ^^ _^ of multiple paths ^^ ൌ 1, … , ^^. See, Positioning in a Multipath channel Using OFDM Signals With Carrier Phase Tracking, Dun H., Timerius C., Janssen G. IEEE Access, 2022. This makes it possible to compute the quantities ^^ _^ , ^^ ൌ 1, … , ^^, and report those instead of ^^. Measurement Definition: According to certain embodiments, a carrier phase measurement associated to a specific path can be defined for the DL PRS signal. The measurement definition can state one or more of the following: ^ that the measurement is for the phase of the first detected path (detected by the Rx), ^ that the measurement is for the phase of a specific additional path. In another embodiment, a carrier phase measurement associated to a specific path can be defined in a similar way for the UL SRS signal or the Positioning tracking reference signal, PTRS. In the following, we call a carrier phase measurement associated to a specific path a “path carrier phase measurement”. Signaling Aspects Carrier phase measurement may be the basis for a new stand-alone positioning method in 3GPP Release 18 or later, or it may be used to enhance the accuracy of already existing positioning methods. New stand-alone 3GPP Rel.18 carrier phase-based positioning method In a particular embodiment, for a new 3GPP carrier phase-based positioning method, a UE receives a DL PRS signal or some other reference signal. In processing the received reference signal, the UE detects the first propagation path from the Tx and possibly additional paths. The UE reports a path carrier phase measurement for one or several detected paths to LMF. In another particular embodiment, a threshold is used to determine for which of the additional paths the UE would report a path carrier phase measurement (in addition to the first propagation path). Denoting the gain of the first detected path as ^^ ^^ _^ , then the threshold ^^ _௧^ is defined such that the UE would report a path carrier phase measurement for any path ^^ that satisfies the criterion ^{^ ఈ^} ^ _ఈభ ^ ^^ _௧^ . Using this embodiment, only the strongest of the additional paths relative to the first will be reported to the LMF. The threshold ^^ _௧^ may be configured to the UE by the LMF or the serving gNB. In some embodiments, the threshold ^^ _௧^ may be predefined in 3GPP specifications. In yet another embodiment, the threshold value ^^ _௧^ may depend on a capability reported by the UE. In a particular embodiment, for a new 3GPP carrier phase-based positioning method, a TRP receives an UL PRS signal or some other reference signal. In processing the received reference signal, the TRP detects the first propagation path from the Tx and possibly additional paths. The TRP reports a path carrier phase measurement for one or several detected paths to LMF. In another particular embodiment, a threshold is used to determine for which of the additional paths the TRP would report a path carrier phase measurement (in addition to the first propagation path). Denoting the gain of the first detected path as ^^ ^^ _^ , then the threshold ^^ _௧^ is defined such that the TRP would report a path carrier phase measurement for any path ^^ that satisfies the criterion ^{^ ఈ^} ^ _ఈభ ^ ^^ _௧^ . Using this embodiment, only the strongest of the additional paths relative to the first will be reported to the LMF. The threshold ^^ _௧^ may be signaled to the TRP by the LMF. In some embodiments, the threshold ^^ _௧^ may be predefined in 3GPP specifications. In yet another embodiment, the gNB may signal the threshold value ^^ _௧^ it supports to the LMF. Enhancements of Existing NR Positioning Methods The Release 17 NR positioning methods DL TDOA, UL TDOA and Multi-RTT (also referred to as Rx-Tx Time Difference measurement) support measurement reports for specific paths. In a particular embodiment, UE measurement reports for DL-TDOA and Multi-RTT are extended in one or more of the following ways: ^ In LPP protocol, NR-DL-TDOA-MeasElement is extended with a new information element for the first path carrier phase measurement. ^ In LPP protocol, NR-Multi-RTT-MeasElement-r16 is extended with a new information element for the first path carrier phase measurement. ^ In LPP protocol, NR-AdditionalPath-r16 is extended with a new information element for the path carrier phase measurement (for that path). See, 3GPP TS 37.355 LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) V17.0.0 (2022-03). In a particular embodiment, TRP measurement reports for UL-TDOA and Multi-Round Trip Time (Multi-RTT/ Rx-Tx Time Difference measurement) are extended in one or more of the following ways: ^ In NRPPa protocol, UL RTOA Measurement measurement element (UL relative time of arrival) is extended with a new information element for the first path carrier phase measurement. ^ In NRPPa protocol [5], gNB Rx-Tx Time Difference measurement element is extended with a new information element for the first path carrier phase measurement. ^ In NRPPa protocol [5], an item of the Additional Path List information element is extended with a new information element for the path carrier phase measurement (of that path). See, 3GPP TS 38.455 NR Positioning Protocol A, V17.0.0 (2022-04). FIGURE 2 shows an example of a communication system 100 in accordance with some embodiments. In the example, the communication system 100 includes a telecommunication network 102 that includes an access network 104, such as a radio access network (RAN), and a core network 106, which includes one or more core network nodes 108. The access network 104 includes one or more access network nodes, such as network nodes 110a and 110b (one or more of which may be generally referred to as network nodes 110), or any other similar 3 ^rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) access node or non-3GPP access point. The network nodes 110 facilitate direct or indirect connection of user equipment (UE), such as by connecting UEs 112a, 112b, 112c, and 112d (one or more of which may be generally referred to as UEs 112) to the core network 106 over one or more wireless connections. Example wireless communications over a wireless connection include transmitting and/or receiving wireless signals using electromagnetic waves, radio waves, infrared waves, and/or other types of signals suitable for conveying information without the use of wires, cables, or other material conductors. Moreover, in different embodiments, the communication system 100 may include any number of wired or wireless networks, network nodes, UEs, and/or any other components or systems that may facilitate or participate in the communication of data and/or signals whether via wired or wireless connections. The communication system 100 may include and/or interface with any type of communication, telecommunication, data, cellular, radio network, and/or other similar type of system. The UEs 112 may be any of a wide variety of communication devices, including wireless devices arranged, configured, and/or operable to communicate wirelessly with the network nodes 110 and other communication devices. Similarly, the network nodes 110 are arranged, capable, configured, and/or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with the UEs 112 and/or with other network nodes or equipment in the telecommunication network 102 to enable and/or provide network access, such as wireless network access, and/or to perform other functions, such as administration in the telecommunication network 102. In the depicted example, the core network 106 connects the network nodes 110 to one or more hosts, such as host 116. These connections may be direct or indirect via one or more intermediary networks or devices. In other examples, network nodes may be directly coupled to hosts. The core network 106 includes one more core network nodes (e.g., core network node 108) that are structured with hardware and software components. Features of these components may be substantially similar to those described with respect to the UEs, network nodes, and/or hosts, such that the descriptions thereof are generally applicable to the corresponding components of the core network node 108. Example core network nodes include functions of one or more of a Mobile Switching Center (MSC), Mobility Management Entity (MME), Home Subscriber Server (HSS), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), Authentication Server Function (AUSF), Subscription Identifier De-concealing function (SIDF), Unified Data Management (UDM), Security Edge Protection Proxy (SEPP), Network Exposure Function (NEF), and/or a User Plane Function (UPF). The host 116 may be under the ownership or control of a service provider other than an operator or provider of the access network 104 and/or the telecommunication network 102, and may be operated by the service provider or on behalf of the service provider. The host 116 may host a variety of applications to provide one or more service. Examples of such applications include live and pre-recorded audio/video content, data collection services such as retrieving and compiling data on various ambient conditions detected by a plurality of UEs, analytics functionality, social media, functions for controlling or otherwise interacting with remote devices, functions for an alarm and surveillance center, or any other such function performed by a server. As a whole, the communication system 100 of FIGURE 2 enables connectivity between the UEs, network nodes, and hosts. In that sense, the communication system may be configured to operate according to predefined rules or procedures, such as specific standards that include, but are not limited to: Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM); Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Long Term Evolution (LTE), and/or other suitable 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G standards, or any applicable future generation standard (e.g., 6G); wireless local area network (WLAN) standards, such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards (WiFi); and/or any other appropriate wireless communication standard, such as the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax), Bluetooth, Z-Wave, Near Field Communication (NFC) ZigBee, LiFi, and/or any low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) standards such as LoRa and Sigfox. In some examples, the telecommunication network 102 is a cellular network that implements 3GPP standardized features. Accordingly, the telecommunications network 102 may support network slicing to provide different logical networks to different devices that are connected to the telecommunication network 102. For example, the telecommunications network 102 may provide Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) services to some UEs, while providing Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services to other UEs, and/or Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC)/Massive IoT services to yet further UEs. In some examples, the UEs 112 are configured to transmit and/or receive information without direct human interaction. For instance, a UE may be designed to transmit information to the access network 104 on a predetermined schedule, when triggered by an internal or external event, or in response to requests from the access network 104. Additionally, a UE may be configured for operating in single- or multi-RAT or multi-standard mode. For example, a UE may operate with any one or combination of Wi-Fi, NR (New Radio) and LTE, i.e. being configured for multi-radio dual connectivity (MR-DC), such as E-UTRAN (Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) New Radio – Dual Connectivity (EN-DC). In the example, the hub 114 communicates with the access network 104 to facilitate indirect communication between one or more UEs (e.g., UE 112c and/or 112d) and network nodes (e.g., network node 110b). In some examples, the hub 114 may be a controller, router, content source and analytics, or any of the other communication devices described herein regarding UEs. For example, the hub 114 may be a broadband router enabling access to the core network 106 for the UEs. As another example, the hub 114 may be a controller that sends commands or instructions to one or more actuators in the UEs. Commands or instructions may be received from the UEs, network nodes 110, or by executable code, script, process, or other instructions in the hub 114. As another example, the hub 114 may be a data collector that acts as temporary storage for UE data and, in some embodiments, may perform analysis or other processing of the data. As another example, the hub 114 may be a content source. For example, for a UE that is a VR headset, display, loudspeaker or other media delivery device, the hub 114 may retrieve VR assets, video, audio, or other media or data related to sensory information via a network node, which the hub 114 then provides to the UE either directly, after performing local processing, and/or after adding additional local content. In still another example, the hub 114 acts as a proxy server or orchestrator for the UEs, in particular in if one or more of the UEs are low energy IoT devices. The hub 114 may have a constant/persistent or intermittent connection to the network node 110b. The hub 114 may also allow for a different communication scheme and/or schedule between the hub 114 and UEs (e.g., UE 112c and/or 112d), and between the hub 114 and the core network 106. In other examples, the hub 114 is connected to the core network 106 and/or one or more UEs via a wired connection. Moreover, the hub 114 may be configured to connect to an M2M service provider over the access network 104 and/or to another UE over a direct connection. In some scenarios, UEs may establish a wireless connection with the network nodes 110 while still connected via the hub 114 via a wired or wireless connection. In some embodiments, the hub 114 may be a dedicated hub – that is, a hub whose primary function is to route communications to/from the UEs from/to the network node 110b. In other embodiments, the hub 114 may be a non- dedicated hub – that is, a device which is capable of operating to route communications between the UEs and network node 110b, but which is additionally capable of operating as a communication start and/or end point for certain data channels. FIGURE 3 shows a UE 200 in accordance with some embodiments. As used herein, a UE refers to a device capable, configured, arranged and/or operable to communicate wirelessly with network nodes and/or other UEs. Examples of a UE include, but are not limited to, a smart phone, mobile phone, cell phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phone, wireless local loop phone, desktop computer, personal digital assistant (PDA), wireless cameras, gaming console or device, music storage device, playback appliance, wearable terminal device, wireless endpoint, mobile station, tablet, laptop, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE), laptop-mounted equipment (LME), smart device, wireless customer-premise equipment (CPE), vehicle-mounted or vehicle embedded/integrated wireless device, etc. Other examples include any UE identified by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), including a narrow band internet of things (NB-IoT) UE, a machine type communication (MTC) UE, and/or an enhanced MTC (eMTC) UE. A UE may support device-to-device (D2D) communication, for example by implementing a 3GPP standard for sidelink communication, Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), or vehicle-to-everything (V2X). In other examples, a UE may not necessarily have a user in the sense of a human user who owns and/or operates the relevant device. Instead, a UE may represent a device that is intended for sale to, or operation by, a human user but which may not, or which may not initially, be associated with a specific human user (e.g., a smart sprinkler controller). Alternatively, a UE may represent a device that is not intended for sale to, or operation by, an end user but which may be associated with or operated for the benefit of a user (e.g., a smart power meter). The UE 200 includes processing circuitry 202 that is operatively coupled via a bus 204 to an input/output interface 206, a power source 208, a memory 210, a communication interface 212, and/or any other component, or any combination thereof. Certain UEs may utilize all or a subset of the components shown in FIGURE 3. The level of integration between the components may vary from one UE to another UE. Further, certain UEs may contain multiple instances of a component, such as multiple processors, memories, transceivers, transmitters, receivers, etc. The processing circuitry 202 is configured to process instructions and data and may be configured to implement any sequential state machine operative to execute instructions stored as machine-readable computer programs in the memory 210. The processing circuitry 202 may be implemented as one or more hardware-implemented state machines (e.g., in discrete logic, field- programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), etc.); programmable logic together with appropriate firmware; one or more stored computer programs, general-purpose processors, such as a microprocessor or digital signal processor (DSP), together with appropriate software; or any combination of the above. For example, the processing circuitry 202 may include multiple central processing units (CPUs). In the example, the input/output interface 206 may be configured to provide an interface or interfaces to an input device, output device, or one or more input and/or output devices. Examples of an output device include a speaker, a sound card, a video card, a display, a monitor, a printer, an actuator, an emitter, a smartcard, another output device, or any combination thereof. An input device may allow a user to capture information into the UE 200. Examples of an input device include a touch-sensitive or presence-sensitive display, a camera (e.g., a digital camera, a digital video camera, a web camera, etc.), a microphone, a sensor, a mouse, a trackball, a directional pad, a trackpad, a scroll wheel, a smartcard, and the like. The presence-sensitive display may include a capacitive or resistive touch sensor to sense input from a user. A sensor may be, for instance, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a tilt sensor, a force sensor, a magnetometer, an optical sensor, a proximity sensor, a biometric sensor, etc., or any combination thereof. An output device may use the same type of interface port as an input device. For example, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) port may be used to provide an input device and an output device. In some embodiments, the power source 208 is structured as a battery or battery pack. Other types of power sources, such as an external power source (e.g., an electricity outlet), photovoltaic device, or power cell, may be used. The power source 208 may further include power circuitry for delivering power from the power source 208 itself, and/or an external power source, to the various parts of the UE 200 via input circuitry or an interface such as an electrical power cable. Delivering power may be, for example, for charging of the power source 208. Power circuitry may perform any formatting, converting, or other modification to the power from the power source 208 to make the power suitable for the respective components of the UE 200 to which power is supplied. The memory 210 may be or be configured to include memory such as random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), magnetic disks, optical disks, hard disks, removable cartridges, flash drives, and so forth. In one example, the memory 210 includes one or more application programs 214, such as an operating system, web browser application, a widget, gadget engine, or other application, and corresponding data 216. The memory 210 may store, for use by the UE 200, any of a variety of various operating systems or combinations of operating systems. The memory 210 may be configured to include a number of physical drive units, such as redundant array of independent disks (RAID), flash memory, USB flash drive, external hard disk drive, thumb drive, pen drive, key drive, high-density digital versatile disc (HD-DVD) optical disc drive, internal hard disk drive, Blu-Ray optical disc drive, holographic digital data storage (HDDS) optical disc drive, external mini-dual in-line memory module (DIMM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), external micro-DIMM SDRAM, smartcard memory such as tamper resistant module in the form of a universal integrated circuit card (UICC) including one or more subscriber identity modules (SIMs), such as a USIM and/or ISIM, other memory, or any combination thereof. The UICC may for example be an embedded UICC (eUICC), integrated UICC (iUICC) or a removable UICC commonly known as ‘SIM card.’ The memory 210 may allow the UE 200 to access instructions, application programs and the like, stored on transitory or non-transitory memory media, to off-load data, or to upload data. An article of manufacture, such as one utilizing a communication system may be tangibly embodied as or in the memory 210, which may be or comprise a device-readable storage medium. The processing circuitry 202 may be configured to communicate with an access network or other network using the communication interface 212. The communication interface 212 may comprise one or more communication subsystems and may include or be communicatively coupled to an antenna 222. The communication interface 212 may include one or more transceivers used to communicate, such as by communicating with one or more remote transceivers of another device capable of wireless communication (e.g., another UE or a network node in an access network). Each transceiver may include a transmitter 218 and/or a receiver 220 appropriate to provide network communications (e.g., optical, electrical, frequency allocations, and so forth). Moreover, the transmitter 218 and receiver 220 may be coupled to one or more antennas (e.g., antenna 222) and may share circuit components, software or firmware, or alternatively be implemented separately. In the illustrated embodiment, communication functions of the communication interface 212 may include cellular communication, Wi-Fi communication, LPWAN communication, data communication, voice communication, multimedia communication, short-range communications such as Bluetooth, near-field communication, location-based communication such as the use of the global positioning system (GPS) to determine a location, another like communication function, or any combination thereof. Communications may be implemented in according to one or more communication protocols and/or standards, such as IEEE 802.11, Code Division Multiplexing Access (CDMA), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), GSM, LTE, New Radio (NR), UMTS, WiMax, Ethernet, transmission control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP), synchronous optical networking (SONET), Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), QUIC, Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), and so forth. Regardless of the type of sensor, a UE may provide an output of data captured by its sensors, through its communication interface 212, via a wireless connection to a network node. Data captured by sensors of a UE can be communicated through a wireless connection to a network node via another UE. The output may be periodic (e.g., once every 15 minutes if it reports the sensed temperature), random (e.g., to even out the load from reporting from several sensors), in response to a triggering event (e.g., when moisture is detected an alert is sent), in response to a request (e.g., a user initiated request), or a continuous stream (e.g., a live video feed of a patient). As another example, a UE comprises an actuator, a motor, or a switch, related to a communication interface configured to receive wireless input from a network node via a wireless connection. In response to the received wireless input the states of the actuator, the motor, or the switch may change. For example, the UE may comprise a motor that adjusts the control surfaces or rotors of a drone in flight according to the received input or to a robotic arm performing a medical procedure according to the received input. A UE, when in the form of an Internet of Things (IoT) device, may be a device for use in one or more application domains, these domains comprising, but not limited to, city wearable technology, extended industrial application and healthcare. Non-limiting examples of such an IoT device are a device which is or which is embedded in: a connected refrigerator or freezer, a TV, a connected lighting device, an electricity meter, a robot vacuum cleaner, a voice controlled smart speaker, a home security camera, a motion detector, a thermostat, a smoke detector, a door/window sensor, a flood/moisture sensor, an electrical door lock, a connected doorbell, an air conditioning system like a heat pump, an autonomous vehicle, a surveillance system, a weather monitoring device, a vehicle parking monitoring device, an electric vehicle charging station, a smart watch, a fitness tracker, a head-mounted display for Augmented Reality (AR) or Virtual Reality (VR), a wearable for tactile augmentation or sensory enhancement, a water sprinkler, an animal- or item- tracking device, a sensor for monitoring a plant or animal, an industrial robot, an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), and any kind of medical device, like a heart rate monitor or a remote controlled surgical robot. A UE in the form of an IoT device comprises circuitry and/or software in dependence of the intended application of the IoT device in addition to other components as described in relation to the UE 200 shown in FIGURE 3. As yet another specific example, in an IoT scenario, a UE may represent a machine or other device that performs monitoring and/or measurements, and transmits the results of such monitoring and/or measurements to another UE and/or a network node. The UE may in this case be an M2M device, which may in a 3GPP context be referred to as an MTC device. As one particular example, the UE may implement the 3GPP NB-IoT standard. In other scenarios, a UE may represent a vehicle, such as a car, a bus, a truck, a ship and an airplane, or other equipment that is capable of monitoring and/or reporting on its operational status or other functions associated with its operation. In practice, any number of UEs may be used together with respect to a single use case. For example, a first UE might be or be integrated in a drone and provide the drone’s speed information (obtained through a speed sensor) to a second UE that is a remote controller operating the drone. When the user makes changes from the remote controller, the first UE may adjust the throttle on the drone (e.g. by controlling an actuator) to increase or decrease the drone’s speed. The first and/or the second UE can also include more than one of the functionalities described above. For example, a UE might comprise the sensor and the actuator, and handle communication of data for both the speed sensor and the actuators. FIGURE 4 shows a network node 300 in accordance with some embodiments. As used herein, network node refers to equipment capable, configured, arranged and/or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with a UE and/or with other network nodes or equipment, in a telecommunication network. Examples of network nodes include, but are not limited to, access points (APs) (e.g., radio access points), base stations (BSs) (e.g., radio base stations, Node Bs, evolved Node Bs (eNBs) and NR NodeBs (gNBs)). Base stations may be categorized based on the amount of coverage they provide (or, stated differently, their transmit power level) and so, depending on the provided amount of coverage, may be referred to as femto base stations, pico base stations, micro base stations, or macro base stations. A base station may be a relay node or a relay donor node controlling a relay. A network node may also include one or more (or all) parts of a distributed radio base station such as centralized digital units and/or remote radio units (RRUs), sometimes referred to as Remote Radio Heads (RRHs). Such remote radio units may or may not be integrated with an antenna as an antenna integrated radio. Parts of a distributed radio base station may also be referred to as nodes in a distributed antenna system (DAS). Other examples of network nodes include multiple transmission point (multi-TRP) 5G access nodes, multi-standard radio (MSR) equipment such as MSR BSs, network controllers such as radio network controllers (RNCs) or base station controllers (BSCs), base transceiver stations (BTSs), transmission points, transmission nodes, multi-cell/multicast coordination entities (MCEs), Operation and Maintenance (O&M) nodes, Operations Support System (OSS) nodes, Self-Organizing Network (SON) nodes, positioning nodes (e.g., Evolved Serving Mobile Location Centers (E-SMLCs)), and/or Minimization of Drive Tests (MDTs). The network node 300 includes a processing circuitry 302, a memory 304, a communication interface 306, and a power source 308. The network node 300 may be composed of multiple physically separate components (e.g., a NodeB component and a RNC component, or a BTS component and a BSC component, etc.), which may each have their own respective components. In certain scenarios in which the network node 300 comprises multiple separate components (e.g., BTS and BSC components), one or more of the separate components may be shared among several network nodes. For example, a single RNC may control multiple NodeBs. In such a scenario, each unique NodeB and RNC pair, may in some instances be considered a single separate network node. In some embodiments, the network node 300 may be configured to support multiple radio access technologies (RATs). In such embodiments, some components may be duplicated (e.g., separate memory 304 for different RATs) and some components may be reused (e.g., a same antenna 310 may be shared by different RATs). The network node 300 may also include multiple sets of the various illustrated components for different wireless technologies integrated into network node 300, for example GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, WiFi, Zigbee, Z-wave, LoRaWAN, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) or Bluetooth wireless technologies. These wireless technologies may be integrated into the same or different chip or set of chips and other components within network node 300. The processing circuitry 302 may comprise a combination of one or more of a microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit, digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, field programmable gate array, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or combination of hardware, software and/or encoded logic operable to provide, either alone or in conjunction with other network node 300 components, such as the memory 304, to provide network node 300 functionality. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 302 includes a system on a chip (SOC). In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 302 includes one or more of radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry 312 and baseband processing circuitry 314. In some embodiments, the radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry 312 and the baseband processing circuitry 314 may be on separate chips (or sets of chips), boards, or units, such as radio units and digital units. In alternative embodiments, part or all of RF transceiver circuitry 312 and baseband processing circuitry 314 may be on the same chip or set of chips, boards, or units. The memory 304 may comprise any form of volatile or non-volatile computer-readable memory including, without limitation, persistent storage, solid-state memory, remotely mounted memory, magnetic media, optical media, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), mass storage media (for example, a hard disk), removable storage media (for example, a flash drive, a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Disk (DVD)), and/or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory device-readable and/or computer-executable memory devices that store information, data, and/or instructions that may be used by the processing circuitry 302. The memory 304 may store any suitable instructions, data, or information, including a computer program, software, an application including one or more of logic, rules, code, tables, and/or other instructions capable of being executed by the processing circuitry 302 and utilized by the network node 300. The memory 304 may be used to store any calculations made by the processing circuitry 302 and/or any data received via the communication interface 306. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 302 and memory 304 is integrated. The communication interface 306 is used in wired or wireless communication of signaling and/or data between a network node, access network, and/or UE. As illustrated, the communication interface 306 comprises port(s)/terminal(s) 316 to send and receive data, for example to and from a network over a wired connection. The communication interface 306 also includes radio front- end circuitry 318 that may be coupled to, or in certain embodiments a part of, the antenna 310. Radio front-end circuitry 318 comprises filters 320 and amplifiers 322. The radio front-end circuitry 318 may be connected to an antenna 310 and processing circuitry 302. The radio front- end circuitry may be configured to condition signals communicated between antenna 310 and processing circuitry 302. The radio front-end circuitry 318 may receive digital data that is to be sent out to other network nodes or UEs via a wireless connection. The radio front-end circuitry 318 may convert the digital data into a radio signal having the appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters using a combination of filters 320 and/or amplifiers 322. The radio signal may then be transmitted via the antenna 310. Similarly, when receiving data, the antenna 310 may collect radio signals which are then converted into digital data by the radio front-end circuitry 318. The digital data may be passed to the processing circuitry 302. In other embodiments, the communication interface may comprise different components and/or different combinations of components. In certain alternative embodiments, the network node 300 does not include separate radio front-end circuitry 318, instead, the processing circuitry 302 includes radio front-end circuitry and is connected to the antenna 310. Similarly, in some embodiments, all or some of the RF transceiver circuitry 312 is part of the communication interface 306. In still other embodiments, the communication interface 306 includes one or more ports or terminals 316, the radio front-end circuitry 318, and the RF transceiver circuitry 312, as part of a radio unit (not shown), and the communication interface 306 communicates with the baseband processing circuitry 314, which is part of a digital unit (not shown). The antenna 310 may include one or more antennas, or antenna arrays, configured to send and/or receive wireless signals. The antenna 310 may be coupled to the radio front-end circuitry 318 and may be any type of antenna capable of transmitting and receiving data and/or signals wirelessly. In certain embodiments, the antenna 310 is separate from the network node 300 and connectable to the network node 300 through an interface or port. The antenna 310, communication interface 306, and/or the processing circuitry 302 may be configured to perform any receiving operations and/or certain obtaining operations described herein as being performed by the network node. Any information, data and/or signals may be received from a UE, another network node and/or any other network equipment. Similarly, the antenna 310, the communication interface 306, and/or the processing circuitry 302 may be configured to perform any transmitting operations described herein as being performed by the network node. Any information, data and/or signals may be transmitted to a UE, another network node and/or any other network equipment. The power source 308 provides power to the various components of network node 300 in a form suitable for the respective components (e.g., at a voltage and current level needed for each respective component). The power source 308 may further comprise, or be coupled to, power management circuitry to supply the components of the network node 300 with power for performing the functionality described herein. For example, the network node 300 may be connectable to an external power source (e.g., the power grid, an electricity outlet) via an input circuitry or interface such as an electrical cable, whereby the external power source supplies power to power circuitry of the power source 308. As a further example, the power source 308 may comprise a source of power in the form of a battery or battery pack which is connected to, or integrated in, power circuitry. The battery may provide backup power should the external power source fail. Embodiments of the network node 300 may include additional components beyond those shown in FIGURE 4 for providing certain aspects of the network node’s functionality, including any of the functionality described herein and/or any functionality necessary to support the subject matter described herein. For example, the network node 300 may include user interface equipment to allow input of information into the network node 300 and to allow output of information from the network node 300. This may allow a user to perform diagnostic, maintenance, repair, and other administrative functions for the network node 300. FIGURE 5 is a block diagram of a host 400, which may be an embodiment of the host 116 of FIGURE 2, in accordance with various aspects described herein. As used herein, the host 400 may be or comprise various combinations hardware and/or software, including a standalone server, a blade server, a cloud-implemented server, a distributed server, a virtual machine, container, or processing resources in a server farm. The host 400 may provide one or more services to one or more UEs. The host 400 includes processing circuitry 402 that is operatively coupled via a bus 404 to an input/output interface 406, a network interface 408, a power source 410, and a memory 412. Other components may be included in other embodiments. Features of these components may be substantially similar to those described with respect to the devices of previous figures, such as Figures 2 and 3, such that the descriptions thereof are generally applicable to the corresponding components of host 400. The memory 412 may include one or more computer programs including one or more host application programs 414 and data 416, which may include user data, e.g., data generated by a UE for the host 400 or data generated by the host 400 for a UE. Embodiments of the host 400 may utilize only a subset or all of the components shown. The host application programs 414 may be implemented in a container-based architecture and may provide support for video codecs (e.g., Versatile Video Coding (VVC), High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), Advanced Video Coding (AVC), MPEG, VP9) and audio codecs (e.g., FLAC, Advanced Audio Coding (AAC), MPEG, G.711), including transcoding for multiple different classes, types, or implementations of UEs (e.g., handsets, desktop computers, wearable display systems, heads-up display systems). The host application programs 414 may also provide for user authentication and licensing checks and may periodically report health, routes, and content availability to a central node, such as a device in or on the edge of a core network. Accordingly, the host 400 may select and/or indicate a different host for over-the-top services for a UE. The host application programs 414 may support various protocols, such as the HTTP Live Streaming (HLS) protocol, Real-Time Messaging Protocol (RTMP), Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP), Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (MPEG-DASH), etc. FIGURE 6 is a block diagram illustrating a virtualization environment 500 in which functions implemented by some embodiments may be virtualized. In the present context, virtualizing means creating virtual versions of apparatuses or devices which may include virtualizing hardware platforms, storage devices and networking resources. As used herein, virtualization can be applied to any device described herein, or components thereof, and relates to an implementation in which at least a portion of the functionality is implemented as one or more virtual components. Some or all of the functions described herein may be implemented as virtual components executed by one or more virtual machines (VMs) implemented in one or more virtual environments 500 hosted by one or more of hardware nodes, such as a hardware computing device that operates as a network node, UE, core network node, or host. Further, in embodiments in which the virtual node does not require radio connectivity (e.g., a core network node or host), then the node may be entirely virtualized. Applications 502 (which may alternatively be called software instances, virtual appliances, network functions, virtual nodes, virtual network functions, etc.) are run in the virtualization environment Q400 to implement some of the features, functions, and/or benefits of some of the embodiments disclosed herein. Hardware 504 includes processing circuitry, memory that stores software and/or instructions executable by hardware processing circuitry, and/or other hardware devices as described herein, such as a network interface, input/output interface, and so forth. Software may be executed by the processing circuitry to instantiate one or more virtualization layers 506 (also referred to as hypervisors or virtual machine monitors (VMMs)), provide VMs 508a and 508b (one or more of which may be generally referred to as VMs 508), and/or perform any of the functions, features and/or benefits described in relation with some embodiments described herein. The virtualization layer 506 may present a virtual operating platform that appears like networking hardware to the VMs 508. The VMs 508 comprise virtual processing, virtual memory, virtual networking or interface and virtual storage, and may be run by a corresponding virtualization layer 506. Different embodiments of the instance of a virtual appliance 502 may be implemented on one or more of VMs 508, and the implementations may be made in different ways. Virtualization of the hardware is in some contexts referred to as network function virtualization (NFV). NFV may be used to consolidate many network equipment types onto industry standard high volume server hardware, physical switches, and physical storage, which can be located in data centers, and customer premise equipment. In the context of NFV, a VM 508 may be a software implementation of a physical machine that runs programs as if they were executing on a physical, non-virtualized machine. Each of the VMs 508, and that part of hardware 504 that executes that VM, be it hardware dedicated to that VM and/or hardware shared by that VM with others of the VMs, forms separate virtual network elements. Still in the context of NFV, a virtual network function is responsible for handling specific network functions that run in one or more VMs 508 on top of the hardware 504 and corresponds to the application 502. Hardware 504 may be implemented in a standalone network node with generic or specific components. Hardware 504 may implement some functions via virtualization. Alternatively, hardware 504 may be part of a larger cluster of hardware (e.g. such as in a data center or CPE) where many hardware nodes work together and are managed via management and orchestration 510, which, among others, oversees lifecycle management of applications 502. In some embodiments, hardware 504 is coupled to one or more radio units that each include one or more transmitters and one or more receivers that may be coupled to one or more antennas. Radio units may communicate directly with other hardware nodes via one or more appropriate network interfaces and may be used in combination with the virtual components to provide a virtual node with radio capabilities, such as a radio access node or a base station. In some embodiments, some signaling can be provided with the use of a control system 512 which may alternatively be used for communication between hardware nodes and radio units. FIGURE 7 shows a communication diagram of a host 602 communicating via a network node 604 with a UE 606 over a partially wireless connection in accordance with some embodiments. Example implementations, in accordance with various embodiments, of the UE (such as a UE 112a of FIGURE 2 and/or UE 200 of FIGURE 3), network node (such as network node 110a of FIGURE 2 and/or network node 300 of FIGURE 4), and host (such as host 116 of FIGURE 2 and/or host 400 of FIGURE 5) discussed in the preceding paragraphs will now be described with reference to FIGURE 7. Like host 400, embodiments of host 602 include hardware, such as a communication interface, processing circuitry, and memory. The host 602 also includes software, which is stored in or accessible by the host 602 and executable by the processing circuitry. The software includes a host application that may be operable to provide a service to a remote user, such as the UE 606 connecting via an over-the-top (OTT) connection 650 extending between the UE 606 and host 602. In providing the service to the remote user, a host application may provide user data which is transmitted using the OTT connection 650. The network node 604 includes hardware enabling it to communicate with the host 602 and UE 606. The connection 660 may be direct or pass through a core network (like core network 106 of FIGURE 2) and/or one or more other intermediate networks, such as one or more public, private, or hosted networks. For example, an intermediate network may be a backbone network or the Internet. The UE 606 includes hardware and software, which is stored in or accessible by UE 606 and executable by the UE’s processing circuitry. The software includes a client application, such as a web browser or operator-specific “app” that may be operable to provide a service to a human or non-human user via UE 606 with the support of the host 602. In the host 602, an executing host application may communicate with the executing client application via the OTT connection 650 terminating at the UE 606 and host 602. In providing the service to the user, the UE's client application may receive request data from the host's host application and provide user data in response to the request data. The OTT connection 650 may transfer both the request data and the user data. The UE's client application may interact with the user to generate the user data that it provides to the host application through the OTT connection 650. The OTT connection 650 may extend via a connection 660 between the host 602 and the network node 604 and via a wireless connection 670 between the network node 604 and the UE 606 to provide the connection between the host 602 and the UE 606. The connection 660 and wireless connection 670, over which the OTT connection 650 may be provided, have been drawn abstractly to illustrate the communication between the host 602 and the UE 606 via the network node 604, without explicit reference to any intermediary devices and the precise routing of messages via these devices. As an example of transmitting data via the OTT connection 650, in step 608, the host 602 provides user data, which may be performed by executing a host application. In some embodiments, the user data is associated with a particular human user interacting with the UE 606. In other embodiments, the user data is associated with a UE 606 that shares data with the host 602 without explicit human interaction. In step 610, the host 602 initiates a transmission carrying the user data towards the UE 606. The host 602 may initiate the transmission responsive to a request transmitted by the UE 606. The request may be caused by human interaction with the UE 606 or by operation of the client application executing on the UE 606. The transmission may pass via the network node 604, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. Accordingly, in step 612, the network node 604 transmits to the UE 606 the user data that was carried in the transmission that the host 602 initiated, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. In step 614, the UE 606 receives the user data carried in the transmission, which may be performed by a client application executed on the UE 606 associated with the host application executed by the host 602. In some examples, the UE 606 executes a client application which provides user data to the host 602. The user data may be provided in reaction or response to the data received from the host 602. Accordingly, in step 616, the UE 606 may provide user data, which may be performed by executing the client application. In providing the user data, the client application may further consider user input received from the user via an input/output interface of the UE 606. Regardless of the specific manner in which the user data was provided, the UE 606 initiates, in step 618, transmission of the user data towards the host 602 via the network node 604. In step 620, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure, the network node 604 receives user data from the UE 606 and initiates transmission of the received user data towards the host 602. In step 622, the host 602 receives the user data carried in the transmission initiated by the UE 606. One or more of the various embodiments improve the performance of OTT services provided to the UE 606 using the OTT connection 650, in which the wireless connection 670 forms the last segment. More precisely, the teachings of these embodiments may improve one or more of, for example, data rate, latency, and/or power consumption and, thereby, provide benefits such as, for example, reduced user waiting time, relaxed restriction on file size, improved content resolution, better responsiveness, and/or extended battery lifetime. In an example scenario, factory status information may be collected and analyzed by the host 602. As another example, the host 602 may process audio and video data which may have been retrieved from a UE for use in creating maps. As another example, the host 602 may collect and analyze real-time data to assist in controlling vehicle congestion (e.g., controlling traffic lights). As another example, the host 602 may store surveillance video uploaded by a UE. As another example, the host 602 may store or control access to media content such as video, audio, VR or AR which it can broadcast, multicast or unicast to UEs. As other examples, the host 602 may be used for energy pricing, remote control of non-time critical electrical load to balance power generation needs, location services, presentation services (such as compiling diagrams etc. from data collected from remote devices), or any other function of collecting, retrieving, storing, analyzing and/or transmitting data. In some examples, a measurement procedure may be provided for the purpose of monitoring data rate, latency and other factors on which the one or more embodiments improve. There may further be an optional network functionality for reconfiguring the OTT connection 650 between the host 602 and UE 606, in response to variations in the measurement results. The measurement procedure and/or the network functionality for reconfiguring the OTT connection may be implemented in software and hardware of the host 602 and/or UE 606. In some embodiments, sensors (not shown) may be deployed in or in association with other devices through which the OTT connection 650 passes; the sensors may participate in the measurement procedure by supplying values of the monitored quantities exemplified above, or supplying values of other physical quantities from which software may compute or estimate the monitored quantities. The reconfiguring of the OTT connection 650 may include message format, retransmission settings, preferred routing etc.; the reconfiguring need not directly alter the operation of the network node 604. Such procedures and functionalities may be known and practiced in the art. In certain embodiments, measurements may involve proprietary UE signaling that facilitates measurements of throughput, propagation times, latency and the like, by the host 602. The measurements may be implemented in that software causes messages to be transmitted, in particular empty or ‘dummy’ messages, using the OTT connection 650 while monitoring propagation times, errors, etc. Although the computing devices described herein (e.g., UEs, network nodes, hosts) may include the illustrated combination of hardware components, other embodiments may comprise computing devices with different combinations of components. It is to be understood that these computing devices may comprise any suitable combination of hardware and/or software needed to perform the tasks, features, functions and methods disclosed herein. Determining, calculating, obtaining or similar operations described herein may be performed by processing circuitry, which may process information by, for example, converting the obtained information into other information, comparing the obtained information or converted information to information stored in the network node, and/or performing one or more operations based on the obtained information or converted information, and as a result of said processing making a determination. Moreover, while components are depicted as single boxes located within a larger box, or nested within multiple boxes, in practice, computing devices may comprise multiple different physical components that make up a single illustrated component, and functionality may be partitioned between separate components. For example, a communication interface may be configured to include any of the components described herein, and/or the functionality of the components may be partitioned between the processing circuitry and the communication interface. In another example, non-computationally intensive functions of any of such components may be implemented in software or firmware and computationally intensive functions may be implemented in hardware. FIGURE 8 illustrates a method 700 by a first radio node 110, 112 for carrier phase-based positioning, according to certain embodiments. The method includes first radio node receiving, at step 702, at least one reference signal from a second radio node 110, 112. At step 704, the first radio node transmits at least one path carrier phase measurement for at least one detected propagation path between the first radio node and the second radio node. The at least one path carrier phase measurement is based on the at least one reference signal. In a particular embodiment, the first radio node performs at least one signal strength measurement to obtain the at least one path carrier phase measurement for the at least one detected propagation path between the first radio node and the second radio node. In a particular embodiment, each path carrier phase measurement includes a strength value associated with a respective carrier frequency or a respective frequency of a subcarrier. In a particular embodiment, each path carrier phase measurement includes a difference in a phase between the reference signal and an internal reference of the first network node. In a particular embodiment, the at least one path carrier phase measurement for the at least one detected propagation path comprises a first path carrier phase measurement for a first detected propagation path. In a particular embodiment, the at least one path carrier phase measurement for the at least one propagation path comprises at least one additional path carrier phase measurement for at least one additional detected propagation path. In a particular embodiment, for each of the at least one additional detected propagation paths, the first radio node determines a strength of a respective additional detected propagation path, compares the strength of the respective additional detected propagation path to a threshold, and transmits the at least one path carrier phase measurement associated with the respective additional detected propagation path when the strength is greater than or equal to the threshold. In a further particular embodiment, the threshold is received from the second radio node and/or a LMF. In a particular embodiment, the first radio node is a UE 112, 200, the second radio node is a network node 110 comprising at least one Transmission-Reception Point, TRP, and the at least one path carrier phase measurement for the at least one detected propagation path is transmitted to the network node and/or a Location Management Function, LMF. In a further particular embodiment, the at least one reference signal comprises at least one of: a downlink PRS and/or a downlink PTRS. In a further particular embodiment, the at least one path carrier phase measurement is transmitted with or as an information element associated with a DL TDOA. In a further particular embodiment, the at least one path carrier phase measurement is transmitted with or as an information element associated with a Multi-Round-trip-time measurement or Rx-Tx Time Difference measurement. In another particular embodiment, the first radio node is a network node 110 comprising at least one TRP, the second radio node is a UE 112, 200, and the at least one path carrier phase measurement for the at least one detected propagation path is transmitted from the TRP to a LMF 108 or another network node. In a further particular embodiment, the at least one reference signal includes at least one of an uplink SRS. In a further particular embodiment, the at least one path carrier phase measurement is transmitted with or as an information element associated with an UL TDOA and/or UL relative time of arrival (RTOA). In a further particular embodiment, the at least one path carrier phase measurement is transmitted with or as an information element associated with a Rx-Tx time difference measurement. In a particular embodiment, the at least one path carrier phase measurement distinguishes between a Line of Sight, LOS, path and a Non Line of Sight, NLOS, path. FIGURE 9 illustrates a method 800 by a second radio node 110, 112 for carrier phase- based positioning, according to certain embodiments. The method includes the second radio node transmitting, at step 802, at least one reference signal to a first radio node 110, 112. At step 804, the second radio node receives, from the first radio node, at least one path carrier phase measurement for at least one detected propagation path between the first radio node and the second radio node. The at least one path carrier phase measurement is based on the at least one reference signal. In a particular embodiment, each path carrier phase measurement includes a strength value associated with a respective carrier frequency or a respective frequency of a subcarrier. In a particular embodiment, each path carrier phase measurement includes a difference in a phase between the reference signal and an internal reference of the first network node. In a particular embodiment, the at least one path carrier phase measurement for the at least one detected propagation path includes a first path carrier phase measurement for a first detected propagation path. In a further particular embodiment, the at least one path carrier phase measurement for the at least one propagation path includes at least one additional path carrier phase measurement for at least one additional detected propagation path. In a further particular embodiment, a strength of the at least one additional path carrier phase measurement is greater than or equal to a threshold. In a further particular embodiment, the second radio node transmits the threshold to the first radio node. In a particular embodiment, prior to transmitting the threshold to the first radio node, the second radio node receives the threshold from a LMF. In a particular embodiment, the first radio node includes a UE 112, 200, the second radio node includes a network node 110 the at least one path carrier phase measurement comprises an indication of a LOS path or a NLOS path, and the at least one path carrier phase measurement for the at least one detected propagation path is received from the UE. In a further particular embodiment, second radio node transmits the at least one path carrier phase measurement for the at least one detected propagation path to a LMF. In a further particular embodiment, the at least one reference signal comprises at least one of: a downlink PRS, and/or a downlink PTRS. In a particular embodiment, the at least one path carrier phase measurement is received with or as an information element associated with a DL TDOA. In a particular embodiment, the at least one path carrier phase measurement is received with or as an information element associated with a Multi-Round-Trip-Time measurement/Rx-Tx Time Difference measurement. In a particular embodiment, the first radio node comprises a network node 110 comprising at least one TRP, the second radio node comprises a UE 112, 200, and the at least one path carrier phase measurement for the at least one detected propagation path is received from the TRP. In a particular embodiment, the at least one reference signal comprises uplink SRS. In a particular embodiment, the at least one path carrier phase measurement is transmitted with or as an information element associated with an UL TDOA and/or UL relative time of arrival (RTOA). In a particular embodiment, the at least one path carrier phase measurement is transmitted with or as an information element associated with a Rx-Tx time difference measurement. In a particular embodiment, the at least one path carrier phase measurement distinguishes between a Line of Sight, LOS, path and a Non Line of Sight, NLOS, path. FIGURE 10 illustrates a method 900 by a core network node 108 operating as a LMF for carrier phase-based positioning, according to certain embodiments. At step 902, the core network node receives, from a radio node 110, at least one path carrier phase measurement for at least one detected propagation path between the radio node and a UE 112. In a particular embodiment, the at least one path carrier phase measurement for the at least one detected propagation path is associated with at least one reference signal. In a particular embodiment, the at least one reference signal comprises at least one of a downlink PRS and/or a downlink PTRS that is transmitted from the radio node to the UE. In a particular embodiment, the at least one path carrier phase measurement is received with or as an information element associated with a DL TDOA. In a particular embodiment, the at least one path carrier phase measurement is received with or as an information element associated with a Rx-Tx Time Difference measurement. In a particular embodiment, the at least one reference signal comprises at least one of an uplink SRS that is transmitted from the UE to the radio node. In a particular embodiment, the at least one path carrier phase measurement is received with or as an information element associated with an UL TDOA and/or UL relative time of arrival (RTOA). In a particular embodiment, the at least one path carrier phase measurement is received with or as an information element associated with a Rx-Tx time difference measurement. In a particular embodiment, each path carrier phase measurement includes a strength value associated with a respective carrier frequency or a respective frequency of a subcarrier. In a particular embodiment, each path carrier phase measurement includes a difference in a phase between the reference signal and an internal reference of the radio node or the UE. In a particular embodiment, the at least one path carrier phase measurement for the at least one detected propagation path includes a first path carrier phase measurement for a first detected propagation path. In a further particular embodiment, the at least one path carrier phase measurement includes at least one additional path carrier phase measurement for at least one additional detected propagation path. In a further particular embodiment, a strength of the at least one additional path carrier phase measurement is greater than or equal to a threshold. In a particular embodiment, the core network node transmits the threshold to the radio node and/or the UE. In a particular embodiment, the at least one path carrier phase measurement distinguishes between a Line of Sight, LOS, path and a Non Line of Sight, NLOS, path. In a particular embodiment, the radio node is one of a UE or TRP. In certain embodiments, some or all of the functionality described herein may be provided by processing circuitry executing instructions stored on in memory, which in certain embodiments may be a computer program product in the form of a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. In alternative embodiments, some or all of the functionality may be provided by the processing circuitry without executing instructions stored on a separate or discrete device-readable storage medium, such as in a hard-wired manner. In any of those particular embodiments, whether executing instructions stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium or not, the processing circuitry can be configured to perform the described functionality. The benefits provided by such functionality are not limited to the processing circuitry alone or to other components of the computing device, but are enjoyed by the computing device as a whole, and/or by end users and a wireless network generally. EXAMPLES Group A Examples Example A1. A method by a user equipment for carrier phase-based positioning, the method comprising: any of the user equipment steps, features, or functions described above, either alone or in combination with other steps, features, or functions described above. Example A2. The method of the previous example, further comprising one or more additional user equipment steps, features or functions described above. Example A3. The method of any of the previous examples, further comprising: providing user data; and forwarding the user data to a host computer via the transmission to the network node. Group B Example Example B1. A method performed by a network node for carrier phase-based positioning, the method comprising: any of the network node steps, features, or functions described above, either alone or in combination with other steps, features, or functions described above. Example B2. The method of the previous embodiment, further comprising one or more additional network node steps, features or functions described above. Example B3. The method of any of the previous embodiments, further comprising: obtaining user data; and forwarding the user data to a host or a user equipment. Group C Example Example C1. A method by a first radio node for carrier phase-based positioning, the method comprising: receiving, from a second radio node, at least one reference signal, and transmitting at least one path carrier phase measurement for at least one detected propagation path between the first radio node and the second radio node. Example C2. The method of Example C1, wherein the at least one path carrier phase measurement for the at least one detected propagation path comprises at least one of: a first path carrier phase measurement for a first detected propagation path, and at least one additional path carrier phase measurement for at least one additional detected propagation path. Example C3. The method of any one of Examples C1 to C2, wherein the at least one additional detected propagation path comprises at least one specific propagation path between the first radio node and the second radio node. Example C4. The method of any one of Examples C1 to C3, further comprising, for each of the at least one additional detected propagation paths: determining a characteristic of an additional detected propagation path, comparing the characteristic of the additional detected propagation path to a threshold, and determining whether to transmit the at least one path carrier phase measurement associated with each additional detected propagation path based on the comparing of the characteristic to the threshold. Example C5. The method of Example C4, wherein the characteristic indicates a strength of a particular additional detected propagation path, and the at least one path carrier phase measurement associated with the particular additional detected propagation path is transmitted when the strength of the particular additional detected propagation path is greater than the threshold. Example C6. The method of Example C5, wherein the strength comprises a gain associated with the particular additional detected propagation path. Example C7. The method of any one of Examples C1 to C6, wherein the threshold is received from the second radio node. Example C8. The method of any one of Examples C1 to C6, wherein the threshold is received from a LMF. Example C9. The method of any one of Examples C1 to C6, wherein the threshold is predefined. Example C10. The method of any one of Examples C1 to C9, wherein: the first radio node comprises a user equipment (UE), the second radio node comprises a network node, and the at least one path carrier phase measurement for the at least one detected propagation path is transmitted to the network node. Example C11. The method of Example C10, wherein the at least one reference signal comprises at least one of: a downlink PRS and/or a downlink PTRS. Example C12. The method of any one of Examples C10 to C11, wherein the at least one path carrier phase measurement is transmitted with or as an information element associated with a DL TDOA. Example C13. The method of any one of Examples C10 to C11, wherein the at least one path carrier phase measurement is transmitted with or as an information element associated with a Multi-RTT measurement. Example C14. The method of any one of Examples C10 to C11, wherein the at least one path carrier phase measurement is transmitted as a new information element. Example C15. The method of any one of Examples C10 to C14, further comprising: providing user data; and forwarding the user data to a host via the transmission to the network node. Example C16. The method of any one of Examples C1 to C9, wherein: the first radio node comprises a network node comprising at least one TRP, the second radio node comprises a UE, and the at least one path carrier phase measurement for the at least one detected propagation path is transmitted from the TRP to an LMF or another network node. Example C17. The method of Example C16, wherein the at least one reference signal comprises at least one of: an uplink PRS and/or an uplink PTRS. Example C18. The method of any one of Examples C16 to C17, wherein the at least one path carrier phase measurement is transmitted with or as an information element associated with an UL TDOA. Example C19. The method of any one of Examples C16 to C17, wherein the at least one path carrier phase measurement is transmitted with or as an information element associated with a Rx-Tx time difference measurement. Example C20. The method of any one of Examples C16 to C17, wherein the at least one path carrier phase measurement is transmitted as a new information element. Example C21. The method of any one of Examples C16 to C20, wherein the network node comprises a gNodeB (gNB). Example C22. The method of any of Examples C16 to C21, further comprising: obtaining user data; and forwarding the user data to a host or a user equipment. Example C23. A first radio node comprising processing circuitry configured to perform any of the methods of Examples C1 to C22. Example C24. A first radio node adapted to perform any of the methods of Examples C1 to C22. Example C25. A computer program comprising instructions which when executed on a computer perform any of the methods of Examples C1 to C22. Example C26. A computer program product comprising computer program, the computer program comprising instructions which when executed on a computer perform any of the methods of Examples C1 to C22. Example C27. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions which when executed by a computer perform any of the methods of Examples C1 to C22. Group D Example Embodiments Example D1. A method by a second radio node for carrier phase-based positioning, the method comprising: transmitting, to a first radio node, at least one reference signal, and receiving, from the first radio node, at least one path carrier phase measurement for at least one detected propagation path between the first radio node and the second radio node. Example D2. The method of Example D1, wherein: the first radio node comprises a user equipment (UE), the second radio node comprises a network node. Example D3. The method of any one of Examples D1 to D2, wherein the at least one path carrier phase measurement for the at least one detected propagation path comprises at least one of: a first path carrier phase measurement for a first detected propagation path, and at least one additional path carrier phase measurement for at least one additional detected propagation path. Example D4. The method of Example D3, wherein the at least one additional detected propagation path comprises at least one specific propagation path between the first radio node and the second radio node. Example D5. The method of Example D4, wherein a characteristic of the at least one additional path carrier phase measurement is greater than a threshold. Example D6. The method of Example D5, wherein the characteristic indicates at least one strength associated with the at least one additional detected propagation path. Example D7. The method of Example D6, wherein the strength comprises a gain associated with the particular additional detected propagation path. Example D8. The method of any one of Examples D4 to D7, further comprising transmitting the threshold to the first radio node. Example D9. The method of Example D8, further comprising: prior to transmitting the threshold to the first radio node, receiving the threshold from a LMF. Example D10. The method of any one of Examples D1 to D9, further comprising transmitting the at least one path carrier phase measurement for the at least one detected propagation path to a LMF. Example D11. The method of any one of Examples D1 to D10, wherein the at least one reference signal comprises at least one of: a downlink PRS and/or a downlink PTRS. Example D12. The method of any one of Examples D1 to D11, wherein the at least one path carrier phase measurement is received with or as an information element associated with a DL TDOA. Example D13. The method of any one of Examples D1 to D12, wherein the at least one path carrier phase measurement is received with or as an information element associated with a Multi-RTT measurement. Example D14. The method of any one of Examples D1 to D12, wherein the at least one path carrier phase measurement is received as a new information element. Example D15. The method of any one of Examples D1 to D14, further comprising: obtaining user data; and forwarding the user data to a host or a user equipment. Example D16. The method of any one of Examples D1 to D15, wherein the second radio node comprises a gNodeB (gNB). Example D17. A second radio node comprising processing circuitry configured to perform any of the methods of Examples D1 to D16. Example D18. A second radio node adapted to perform any of the methods of Examples D1 to D16. Example D19. A computer program comprising instructions which when executed on a computer perform any of the methods of Examples D1 to D16. Example D20. A computer program product comprising computer program, the computer program comprising instructions which when executed on a computer perform any of the methods of Examples D1 to D16. Example D21. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions which when executed by a computer perform any of the methods of Examples D1 to D16. Group E Examples Example E1. A method by a second radio node for carrier phase-based positioning, the method comprising: receiving, from a first radio node, at least one reference signal, and transmitting at least one path carrier phase measurement for at least one detected propagation path between the first radio node and the second radio node. Example E2. The method of Example E1, wherein: the first radio node comprises a user equipment (UE), the second radio node comprises a network node, and wherein the at least one carrier phase measurement for the at least one detected propagation path is transmitted to an LMF. Example E3. The method of any one of Examples E1 to E2, wherein the at least one path carrier phase measurement for the at least one detected propagation path comprises at least one of: a first path carrier phase measurement for a first detected propagation path, and at least one additional path carrier phase measurement for at least one additional detected propagation path. Example E4. The method of Example E3, wherein the at least one additional detected propagation path comprises at least one specific propagation path between the first radio node and the second radio node. Example E5. The method of any one of Examples E3 to E4, further comprising: determining, based on the at least one reference signal, the at least one additional path carrier phase measurement for the at least one additional detected propagation path. Example E6. The method of Example E5, further comprising, for each of the at least one additional detected propagation paths: determining a characteristic of an additional detected propagation path, comparing the characteristic of the additional detected propagation path to a threshold, and determining whether to transmit the at least one additional path carrier phase measurement associated with each additional detected propagation path based on the comparing of the characteristic to the threshold. Example E7. The method of Example E6, wherein the characteristic indicates a strength of a particular additional detected propagation path, and the at least one additional path carrier phase measurement associated with the particular additional detected propagation path is transmitted when the strength of the particular additional detected propagation path is greater than the threshold. Example E8. The method of Example E7, wherein the strength comprises a gain associated with the particular additional detected propagation path. Example E9. The method of any one of Examples E6 to E8, wherein the threshold is received from a LMF. Example E10. The method of any one of Examples E6 to E8, wherein the threshold is predefined. Example E11. The method of Example E10, wherein the at least one reference signal comprises at least one of: an uplink PRS and/or an uplink PTRS. Example E12. The method of any one of Examples E1 to E11, wherein the at least one path carrier phase measurement is transmitted with or as an information element associated with an UL TDOA. Example E13. The method of any one of Examples E1 to E11, wherein the at least one path carrier phase measurement is transmitted with or as an information element associated with a Rx-Tx time difference measurement. Example E14. The method of any one of Examples E1 to E11, wherein the at least one path carrier phase measurement is transmitted as a new information element. Example E15. The method of any one of Examples E1 to E14, wherein the second radio node comprises a gNodeB (gNB). Example E16. The method of any of Examples E1 to E15, further comprising: obtaining user data; and forwarding the user data to a host or a user equipment. Example E17. A second radio node comprising processing circuitry configured to perform any of the methods of Examples E1 to E16. Example E18. A second radio node adapted to perform any of the methods of Examples E1 to E16. Example E19. A computer program comprising instructions which when executed on a computer perform any of the methods of Examples E1 to E16. Example E20. A computer program product comprising computer program, the computer program comprising instructions which when executed on a computer perform any of the methods of Examples E1 to E16. Example E21. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions which when executed by a computer perform any of the methods of Examples E1 to E16. Group F Example Embodiments Example F1. A method by a first network node for carrier phase-based positioning, the method comprising: receiving, from a second network node, at least one path carrier phase measurement for at least one detected propagation path between the second radio node and a user equipment (UE). Example F2. The method of Example F1, wherein: the first network node comprises a LMF, the second network node comprises a base station and/or gNB. Example F3. The method of any one of Examples F1 to F2, wherein the at least one path carrier phase measurement for the at least one detected propagation path is associated with at least one reference signal. Example F4. The method of Example F3, wherein the at least one reference signal comprises at least one of a downlink PRS and/or a downlink PTRS that is transmitted from the second network node to the UE. Example F5. The method of Example F3, wherein the at least one reference signal comprises at least one of an uplink PRS and/or an uplink PTRS that is transmitted from the UE to the second network node. Example F6. The method of any one of Examples F1 to F5, wherein the at least one path carrier phase measurement for the at least one detected propagation path comprises at least one of: a first path carrier phase measurement for a first detected propagation path, and at least one additional path carrier phase measurement for at least one additional detected propagation path. Example F7. The method of Example F6, wherein the at least one additional detected propagation path comprises at least one specific propagation path between the second network node and the UE. Example F8. The method of any one of Examples F6 to F7, wherein at least one characteristic of the at least one additional path carrier phase measurement is greater than a threshold. Example F9. The method of Example F8, wherein the characteristic indicates at least one strength associated with the at least one additional detected propagation path. Example F10. The method of Example F9, wherein the at least one strength comprises a gain associated with the particular additional detected propagation path. Example F11. The method of any one of Examples F8 to F10, further comprising transmitting the threshold to the second network node. Example F12. The method of any one of Examples F1 to F11, wherein the at least one path carrier phase measurement is received with or as an information element associated with an UL TDOA. Example F13. The method of any one of Examples F1 to F11, wherein the at least one path carrier phase measurement is received with or as an information element associated with a Rx-Tx time difference measurement. Example F14. The method of any one of Examples F1 to F11, wherein the at least one path carrier phase measurement is received as a new information element. Example F15. The method of any of Examples F1 to F14, further comprising: obtaining user data; and forwarding the user data to a host or a user equipment. Example F16. A first network node comprising processing circuitry configured to perform any of the methods of Examples F1 to F15. Example F17. A first network node radio node adapted to perform any of the methods of Examples F1 to F15. Example F18. A computer program comprising instructions which when executed on a computer perform any of the methods of Examples F1 to F15. Example F19. A computer program product comprising computer program, the computer program comprising instructions which when executed on a computer perform any of the methods of Examples F1 to F15. Example F20. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions which when executed by a computer perform any of the methods of Examples F1 to F15. Group G Example Embodiments Example G1. A user equipment for carrier phase-based positioning, comprising: processing circuitry configured to perform any of the steps of any of the Group A and C Examples; and power supply circuitry configured to supply power to the processing circuitry. Example G2. A network node for carrier phase-based positioning, the network node comprising: processing circuitry configured to perform any of the steps of any of the Group B, C, D, E, and F Examples; power supply circuitry configured to supply power to the processing circuitry. Example G3. A user equipment (UE) for carrier phase-based positioning, the UE comprising: an antenna configured to send and receive wireless signals; radio front-end circuitry connected to the antenna and to processing circuitry, and configured to condition signals communicated between the antenna and the processing circuitry; the processing circuitry being configured to perform any of the steps of any of the Group A and C Examples; an input interface connected to the processing circuitry and configured to allow input of information into the UE to be processed by the processing circuitry; an output interface connected to the processing circuitry and configured to output information from the UE that has been processed by the processing circuitry; and a battery connected to the processing circuitry and configured to supply power to the UE. Example G4. A host configured to operate in a communication system to provide an over-the-top (OTT) service, the host comprising: processing circuitry configured to provide user data; and a network interface configured to initiate transmission of the user data to a cellular network for transmission to a user equipment (UE), wherein the UE comprises a communication interface and processing circuitry, the communication interface and processing circuitry of the UE being configured to perform any of the steps of any of the Group A and C Examples to receive the user data from the host. Example G5. The host of the previous Example Embodiment, wherein the cellular network further includes a network node configured to communicate with the UE to transmit the user data to the UE from the host. Example G6. The host of the previous 2 Example Embodiments, wherein: the processing circuitry of the host is configured to execute a host application, thereby providing the user data; and the host application is configured to interact with a client application executing on the UE, the client application being associated with the host application. Example G7. A method implemented by a host operating in a communication system that further includes a network node and a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: providing user data for the UE; and initiating a transmission carrying the user data to the UE via a cellular network comprising the network node, wherein the UE performs any of the operations of any of the Group A embodiments to receive the user data from the host. Example Emboidment G8. The method of the previous Example Embodiment, further comprising: at the host, executing a host application associated with a client application executing on the UE to receive the user data from the UE. Example G9. The method of the previous Example Embodiment, further comprising: at the host, transmitting input data to the client application executing on the UE, the input data being provided by executing the host application, wherein the user data is provided by the client application in response to the input data from the host application. Example Emboidment G10. A host configured to operate in a communication system to provide an over-the-top (OTT) service, the host comprising: processing circuitry configured to provide user data; and a network interface configured to initiate transmission of the user data to a cellular network for transmission to a user equipment (UE), wherein the UE comprises a communication interface and processing circuitry, the communication interface and processing circuitry of the UE being configured to perform any of the steps of any of the Group A and C Examples to transmit the user data to the host. Example Emboidment G11. The host of the previous Example Embodiment, wherein the cellular network further includes a network node configured to communicate with the UE to transmit the user data from the UE to the host. Example G12. The host of the previous 2 Example Embodiments, wherein: the processing circuitry of the host is configured to execute a host application, thereby providing the user data; and the host application is configured to interact with a client application executing on the UE, the client application being associated with the host application. Example G13. A method implemented by a host configured to operate in a communication system that further includes a network node and a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: at the host, receiving user data transmitted to the host via the network node by the UE, wherein the UE performs any of the steps of any of the Group A and C Examples to transmit the user data to the host. Example G14. The method of the previous Example Embodiment, further comprising: at the host, executing a host application associated with a client application executing on the UE to receive the user data from the UE. Example G15. The method of the previous Example Embodiment, further comprising: at the host, transmitting input data to the client application executing on the UE, the input data being provided by executing the host application, wherein the user data is provided by the client application in response to the input data from the host application. Example G16. A host configured to operate in a communication system to provide an over-the-top (OTT) service, the host comprising: processing circuitry configured to provide user data; and a network interface configured to initiate transmission of the user data to a network node in a cellular network for transmission to a user equipment (UE), the network node having a communication interface and processing circuitry, the processing circuitry of the network node configured to perform any of the operations of any of the Group B, C, D, E, and F Examples to transmit the user data from the host to the UE. Example G17. The host of the previous Example Embodiment, wherein: the processing circuitry of the host is configured to execute a host application that provides the user data; and the UE comprises processing circuitry configured to execute a client application associated with the host application to receive the transmission of user data from the host. Example G18. A method implemented in a host configured to operate in a communication system that further includes a network node and a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: providing user data for the UE; and initiating a transmission carrying the user data to the UE via a cellular network comprising the network node, wherein the network node performs any of the operations of any of the Group B, C, D, E, and F Examples to transmit the user data from the host to the UE. Example G19. The method of the previous Example Embodiment, further comprising, at the network node, transmitting the user data provided by the host for the UE. Example Emboidment G20. The method of any of the previous 2 Example Embodiments, wherein the user data is provided at the host by executing a host application that interacts with a client application executing on the UE, the client application being associated with the host application. Example G21. A communication system configured to provide an over-the-top service, the communication system comprising: a host comprising: processing circuitry configured to provide user data for a user equipment (UE), the user data being associated with the over-the-top service; and a network interface configured to initiate transmission of the user data toward a cellular network node for transmission to the UE, the network node having a communication interface and processing circuitry, the processing circuitry of the network node configured to perform any of the operations of any of the Group B, C, D, E, and F Examples to transmit the user data from the host to the UE. Example G22. The communication system of the previous Example Embodiment, further comprising: the network node; and/or the user equipment. Example G23. A host configured to operate in a communication system to provide an over-the-top (OTT) service, the host comprising: processing circuitry configured to initiate receipt of user data; and a network interface configured to receive the user data from a network node in a cellular network, the network node having a communication interface and processing circuitry, the processing circuitry of the network node configured to perform any of the operations of any of the Group B, C, D, E, and F Examples to receive the user data from a user equipment (UE) for the host. Example G24. The host of the previous 2 Example Embodiments, wherein: the processing circuitry of the host is configured to execute a host application, thereby providing the user data; and the host application is configured to interact with a client application executing on the UE, the client application being associated with the host application. Example G25. The host of the any of the previous 2 Example Embodiments, wherein the initiating receipt of the user data comprises requesting the user data. Example G26. A method implemented by a host configured to operate in a communication system that further includes a network node and a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: at the host, initiating receipt of user data from the UE, the user data originating from a transmission which the network node has received from the UE, wherein the network node performs any of the steps of any of the Group B, C, D, E, and F Examples to receive the user data from the UE for the host. Example G27. The method of the previous Example Embodiment, further comprising at the network node, transmitting the received user data to the host.