| JPS5969253 | SCALING COPYING SYSTEM |
| JPS5850823 | [Title of the Invention] Aspheric surface creation machine |
LAMMI MATTI (FI)
| FI73910B | 1987-08-31 | |||
| SE141489C1 |
| 1. | A method of working a longitudinal groove in natural wall logs in such a way that the longitudinal groove to be worked in the lower surface of a log (8) to be placed higher up in the wall is fitted to the form of the back of a log (9) to be placed lower down in the wall, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the sides of the logs (8, 9) to be joined against each other are arranged parallel, after which the forms of the joint surfaces of the longitudinal groove are worked by means of at least one working unit (34 to 37, 38 to 41), which moves driven by a motor along guides (21) in the longitudinal direction of the logs and which is provided with motions, being transverse with respect to the logs and determining the working depths, by means of at least one parallel mechanism (27, 28, 30, 32; 24, 29, 31, 33) transmitting form deviations occurring at the joints of the back of the lower log (9), the deviations being measured by re¬ spective followup means (25, 26), as motions of equal size to the blade (37, 41) of the working unit working respective joint surfaces of the longitudinal groove of the upper log (8). |
| 2. | I. |
| 3. | A method according to claim 1, c h a r ¬ a c t e r i z e d in that the working is carried out by means of two working units (34 to 37, 38 to 41) and two parallel mechanisms (27, 28, 30, 32; 24, 29, 31, 33) in such a way that the halves of the lσngitu dinal grooves are worked by means of the working unit and the parallel mechanism on respective side. |
| 4. | A method according to claim 1, c h a r ¬ a c t e r i z e d in. that the working is carried out by means of one working unit in one or several stages in such a way that at first is worked one half of the longitudinal groove in the log (8) to be placed higher up and after this the working unit is dis¬ placed to the other half of the longitudinal groove and the followup means with its transmission mecha nisms are displaced to the other half of the back of the log (9) to be placed lower down, after which is worked the half of the longitudinal groove still un worked. |
| 5. | A working device for carrying out the method of the claims 1 to 3, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the working device comprises a frame (20) with guides (21), on which is arranged at least one car¬ rier (22) moving supported by supporting means (23) parallel with the frame (20) , to which carrier is mounted on bearings at least one parallel mechanism (27, 28, 30, 32 and 24, 29, 31, 33), at the first end (24, 27) of which there is a followup means (25, 26) following the form of the back of the log (9 ) to be placed lower down and at the second end (32, 33) of which there is a working unit (34 to 37, 38 to 41) fastened thereto, wherein the transverse motions of the followup means with respect to the logs deter¬ mine the working depths of the log (8) to be worked. |
| 6. | A working device according to claim 4, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the parallel mech¬ anism (27, 28, 30, 32; 24, 29, 31, 33) is a parallel¬ ogram mechanism. |
| 7. | A working device according to claim 4 or 5, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the number of the parallel mechanisms (27, 28, 30, 32; 24, 29, 31, 33) and that of the followup means (25, 26) and the working units (34 to 37, 38 to 41) is two and that they are arranged in .such a way that the first mecha¬ nism guides the working of the first half of the lon gitudinal groove and the second mechanism the working of the second half of the longitudinal groove. |
| 8. | A working device according to claim 4 or 5, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that it comprises one parallel mechanism as well as one followup means and one working unit, respectively. |
| 9. | A working device according to one of the claims 4 to 7, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the followup means (25, 26) and the blades (37, 41) are displaceable in the transverse direction of the log. |
| 10. | A device according to one of the claims 4 to 8, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the angular positions of the blades (37, 41) are adjustable on a level transverse to the log around an axle mounted on bearings on mounting plates of the working units. |
| 11. | A fastening and locating device for carry¬ ing out the method of the claims 1 to 3, c h a r ¬ a c t e r i z e d in that it comprises supporting or frame portions (12, 15) displaceable in the longitu dinal direction of the log (8, 9) and pushing/pulling devices fitted thereto, to which devices are fastened mandrels (10, 13) to be fastened to holes to be made in the logs, wherein the device makes it possible to locate the logs in right positions in the longitudi i nal direction with respect to each other, to centre them in the transverse direction and to lock them in place for the time of the working. |
| 12. | A displacing device for the devices accord¬ ing to the claims 4 to 10, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that it comprises the frame (20) of the working device and the mandrels (10), the frame (20) turning 180° around its longitudinal axis and the mandrels (10) joined to the frame (20) by means of supporters (12) turning the log (8) worked from the working po sition to a measuring position. |
| 13. | A displacing device according to claim 11, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that only a portion of the frame (20) is turnable, which makes it possible that the carrier (22) driven to the fixed frame por tion stays in its place together with its working and followup mechanisms. |
The invention relates to a method of working a longitudinal groove in natural logs according to the prior art portion of claim 1 and to a device for working thereof. The invention makes an industrial manufacture of log framings and an economic use of raw material possible. The invention is of especially great importance when the raw material used is heavy natural timber or dead wood, an industrial working of which by normal methods of planing or turning is to¬ tally out of the question.
Especially in constructions consisting of long logs, a bad utilization of raw material in prior art methods is a very significant economic drawback. Raw material costs are decisive in the cost structure of a log framing. By present industrial manufacturing methods, round logs are worked by using conventional working machines, those with a small diameter by planing and the bigger ones by turning. Because the log is worked to an equal diameter and a fixed length, the log diameter is determined according to the diameter of the top. The portion to be worked on account of the conicity and crookedness of the log cannot be utilized efficiently. The share of raw ma¬ terial turning into chips goes up to 50 per cent when being unsorted and to approximately 30 per cent when being sorted.
By working with conventional machines and meth- ods, a log of a uniform thickness is provided. To re¬ duce the great waste of raw material then arising, solutions have been developped, which maintain the conicity of the wood. One solution is described in Finnish Patent 78016. The natural form of the wood cannot, however, be preserved in this manner.
Finnish Patent 43353 describes a solution not requiring a uniform log thickness in theory. However, a blade working in a constant position does not fol¬ low the form deviations of the wood, and the fitness of the joint surfaces of the longitudinal groove in an upper log to the form of the back of the lower log remains bad. The solution suits for an exceptionally straight raw material only.
Finnish Patent 73910 describes a method and a device, which make working of a longitudinal groove in a natural log possible in principle. The solution has, however, significant drawbacks, due to which it can hardly be applied in practice. The device is placed manually between logs and it is moved manually in the longitudinal direction guided by the log. Han¬ dling of the device as well as of logs is inconve¬ nient, hard and time-consuming, and angular devia¬ tions can easily be several centimetres. Since the whole longitudinal groove is worked by means of one blade, the solution presupposes a symmetrical form of the log to succeed. At a form deviation on one side of the lower log occurring in conventional raw mate¬ rial, a radial displacement of respective bearing wheel causes a displacement of the whole blade and an error in working one lip of the longitudinal groove. The form of the blade and the location of follow-up rollers are correct only with a certain log diameter, and therefore, variations in log thicknesses increase the error additionally. When a conventional raw mate- rial is used, it is not possible to achieve a suffi¬ cient compatibility of the joint surfaces nor a tightness of the joint by this invention.
In the method of and device for working a lon¬ gitudinal groove in wall logs according to the inven- tion, a copying working technique known for instance
from the manufacture of moulds is partially applied. Known copying working machines are characterized in a combination of great accuracy and low chip flow. When working a log, the demands are opposite, however. Moreover, the complicated control systems and sensi¬ tive multiwheeler motion mechanisms of the copying working machines suit badly for the hard circum¬ stances of log working. In addition to the copying working itself, an effective system also requires a solution of displacing, locating and fastening de¬ vices for logs. They play an essential role in the whole. For the reasons mentioned above, a solution based on prior art devices would show a low produc¬ tivity, but high delivery and maintenance costs. The object of this invention is to present a solution, in which the drawbacks mentioned above can be essentially eliminated. A longitudinal groove can be worked in a natural log by means of a simple de¬ vice with industrial efficiency and sufficient accu- racy. The appearance of a finished wall and the uti¬ lization of raw material are as good as can be achieved by manual carving.
To achieve this, the invention is mainly char¬ acterized in what has been set forth in the claims enclosed.
An embodiment of the invention is described in the following, at the same time referring to the drawings enclosed, in which
Figure 1 shows a cross-section of a working device for a wall log; and
Figure 2 shows the working device for a wall log from above.
Before drying a v-shaped groove is sawn in a log, which groove is smaller than the final longitu- dinal groove. The groove reduces the cross-section to
be worked as well as the power demand for final work¬ ing and leads splits arising at drying to the bottom of the groove. After drying, two or several holes with a diameter of about 40 mm are drilled in the log, which holes are at first used for locating the log during working and after that for doweling the wall or at the assembly of elements.
A log 8 to be worked is rolled along a slope 17 to a position restricted by a stop 18, in which posi- tion the log 8 is located in such a way that dowel holes will be situated at a fastening cylinder 11. Two or several fastening cylinders 11 are by means of displaceable carriers 12 fastened to a frame 20. The carrier 12 can be moved in the longitudinal direction of the frame 20 in order to get the fastening cylin¬ ders 11 placed in the dowel hole positions defined according to the length of the log 8.
On the other side of the device, there are re¬ spective fastening cylinders 14 displaceable by means of a frame 16 and placeable in the positions presup¬ posed by the dowel holes. A log 9, the longitudinal groove of which has already been worked, rests sup¬ ported by the fastening cylinders 14 in such a way that mandrels 13 fastened to the piston rods of the cylinders 14 are in the holes of the longitudinal groove of the log 9.
Stops 42, 43 at both ends of both logs are turned to a horizontal position. After this both logs 8 and 9 are lifted by means of the fastening cylin- ders 11, 14 against the stops 42, 43 to a position in which the upper log surfaces are on the same level. Locking means arranged in the mandrels 10, 13 and effected by a technique known from fastening struc¬ tures of working machines move radially and lock the logs 8, 9 steadily to the mandrels. The fastening
cylinders 11, 14 are locked to their positions and the stops 42, 43 are turned to a vertical position.
Working and follow-up mechanisms 34 to 41, 25 and 26 are by means of levers 24, 27 to 33 fastened to a carrier 22 moving for instance by means of rol¬ lers 23 along guides 21 fastened to the frame 20.
Each half of the longitudinal groove is worked by means of its own working unit, and these units are independent of each other. The working units - a blade 37, 41, bearings 26, 40, power transmission 35, 39 and a power unit 34, 38 - are adjustable on the horizontal level transversely to the log 8. The ad¬ justability is needed when changing log thickness class. The breadth of the longitudinal groove then also changes. The follow-up rollers 25, 26 are also adjustable horizontally to their frames 24, 27 and transversely to the log.
All displacing mechanisms making an adjustabi¬ lity possible can be structures known for instance from a screw press. The follow-up rollers 25, 26 are placed in positions in which the lips of the longitu¬ dinal groove of the log waiting to be worked approxi¬ mately will be placed.
The carrier 22 moving driven by a motor in the longitudinal direction of the frame 20, the follow-up rollers 25, 26 transmit the form deviations of the back of the log 9 as a parallel transmission possible thanks to parallelogram mechanisms 24, 27 to 33, as a correction motion of the same size to the blades 37, 41. Then, after the working, the form of the joint surfaces of the longitudinal groove of the log 8 cor¬ responds to the form of the back of the lower log 9 in the wall.
In the situation of Figure 1, an elevation is shown on the back of the log 9 at the inner follow-up
roller 26. On account of this, the follow-up roller has risen up and turned the levers 27, 28, 30 and 32 anticlockwise and caused the inner blade 41 to move downwards to the same degree. When the working is finished, the carrier 22 is driven together with its working and follow-up mecha¬ nisms 34 to 41, 25 and 26 to an end position, to a fixed extension of the turnable frame portion. The fastening cylinders 14 pull the piston rods to an in- ner position, on account of which the log 9 remains on a slope 19 and rolls along that to the side.
The frame 20 is mounted on bearings to turn around its longitudinal axis. When turning the frame 180° clockwise, the log 8 worked moves to the former position of the log 9. The fastening cylinders 14 push out the piston rods, the locking is opened in the mandrels 10 and the piston rods of the -fastening cylinders 11 are pulled in. When the log has moved to rest on the mandrels 13, the frame 20 turns 180° anti- clockwise and returns to its initial position. The operations continue by bringing the following log to the position 18.
The motions of the device are provided by prior art technique, for instance by means of hydraulic or electric power units. The power units of the locking means of the mandrels 10, 13 and of the stops can also be pneumatic. The power transmission for a feed motion of the carrier 22 can take place for instance by means of a rack fastened fo the frame 20. The embodiments of the invention can vary with¬ in the scope of the claims. By varying especially the locations of the logs as well as of the follow-up and working units with respect to each other, it is easy to provide new embodiments of the invention.