BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[1] The transcription factor c-Myc plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation, cell growth, apoptosis, the cell cycle, and oncogenesis. c-Myc, a basic helix-loop- helix (bHLH) leucine zipper protein, is the most frequently occurring oncoprotein in a wide range of cancers, including breast, lung, and prostate cancers, where its deregulation provides growth factor-independent growth (Tansey, W.P. New J Sci (2014) 2014: 1-27; Dang, C.V. Cell (2012) 149:22-35). Myc proteins arise from three distinct gene families, c-myc, N-myc, and L- myc, each of which functions in an analogous manner but exhibits differences in expression levels and potency (Nesbit, C.E. et al, Oncogene (1999) 13:3004-3016; Tansey, W.P. New J Sci (2014) 2014: 1-27; Dang, C.V. Cell (2012) 149:22-35). c-Myc requires heterodimerization with the small bHLH leucine zipper protein Max to bind DNA and activate gene transcription.

Interaction of c-Myc with Max occurs at all c-Myc-bound genes in the genome and is essential for its oncogencity (Tansey, W.P. New J Sci (2014) 2014: 1-27). Further, Max is capable of dimerization with additional bHLH proteins that may influence the c-Myc-Max interaction, such as Mad and Mxll (Tansey, W.P. New J Sci (2014) 2014: 1-27; C. Grandori et al, Ann Rev Cell Dev Biol (2000) 16:653-699)

[2] The myc gene is deregulated in cancer through multiple mechanisms including gene amplification, chromosomal translocation, deregulated upstream signaling, and protein stabilization, where the end result is increased levels of the resulting Myc protein (Nesbit, C.E. et al, Oncogene (1999) 13:3004-3016). Transgenic mouse models studies have demonstrated that genetic inactivation of myc leads to tumor regression in a range of cancer types (Jain, M. Science (2002) 297: 102-104; Felsher, D. et al, Mol Cell (1999) 4: 199-207; Choi, P.S. et al, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (2011) 108: 17432-17437; Murphy, D. et al. Cancer Cell (2008) 14:447-457; He, T.C. et al, Science (1998) 281: 1509-1512). In some models, even brief inactivation of Myc significantly improves survival rates (Murphy, D. et al. Cancer Cell (2008) 14:447-457; Chesi, M. et al. Cancer Cell (2008) 13: 167-180; Pelengaris, S. et al, Mol Cell (1999) 3:565-577).

Additional studies have confirmed these findings in a number of other aggressive tumor models, where the prediction is that Myc inhibitors would have broad utility across multiple cancer types (Hermeking, H. Curr Cancer Drug Targets (2003) 3: 163-175; Soucek, L. Nature (2008) 455:679-683; Konstantinopoulos, P. et al, JAMA (2011) 305:2349-2350; Soucek, L. et al, Nature (2008) 455:679-683). As such, there is a need to identify compounds that are capable of modulating Myc activity for use as therapeutic agents.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[3] The present invention provides Myc inhibitors, for example c-Myc inhibitors, and in particular selective c-Myc inhibitors of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, hydrates, tautomers, stereoisomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, and compositions thereof. The present invention further provides methods of using the compounds of the invention, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, hydrates, tautomers, stereoisomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, and compositions thereof, to study the inhibition of c-Myc or other Myc family members {e.g., N-Myc or L-Myc), as well as the interaction of c-Myc with DNA or Max. The present invention still further provides methods of using the compounds of the invention, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, hydrates, tautomers,

stereoisomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, and compositions thereof, as therapeutics for the prevention and/or treatment of diseases associated with overexpression and/or aberrant activity of c-Myc or other Myc family members {e.g., N-Myc or L-Myc). In certain embodiments, the inventive compounds are used for the prevention and/or treatment of proliferative diseases {e.g., cancers {e.g., breast cancer, prostate cancer, lymphoma, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, neuroblastoma, or colorectal cancer), benign neoplasms, angiogenesis, inflammatory diseases, fibrosis {e.g., polycystic kidney disease), autoinflammatory diseases, and autoimmune diseases) in a subject.

[4] In one aspect, the present invention provides compounds of Formula (I):

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, hydrates, tautomers, stereoisomers, and isotopically labeled derivatives thereof, wherein X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , X 4 , Y, Z, R 2 , R 4 , R 12 , m, n, p, and subvariables thereof are as defined herein. [5] In another aspect, the present invention provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, tautomer, stereoisomer, or isotopically labeled derivative thereof, and optionally a

pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical

compositions described herein include a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, tautomer, stereoisomer, or isotopically labeled derivative thereof. The pharmaceutical composition may be useful for treating and/or preventing a proliferative or infectious disease.

[6] In another aspect, the present invention provides methods of down-regulating the expression of c-Myc or other Myc family members (e.g., N-Myc or L-Myc) in a cell. In some embodiments, the method comprises contacting the cell with a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, tautomer, stereoisomer, or isotopically labeled derivative thereof, and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, or compositions thereof.

[7] In another aspect, the present invention provides methods of inhibiting the activity of c- Myc or other Myc family members (e.g., N-Myc or L-Myc) in a cell. In some embodiments, the method comprises contacting the cell with a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, tautomer, stereoisomer, or isotopically labeled derivative thereof, and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, or compositions thereof.

[8] In another aspect, the present invention provides methods of reducing Myc-regulated transcription of a gene in a cell (e.g. reducing transcription regulated by c-Myc, N-Myc, or L- Myc). In some embodiments, the method comprises contacting the cell with a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, tautomer, stereoisomer, or isotopically labeled derivative thereof, and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, or compositions thereof.

[9] In another aspect, the present invention provides methods for treating and/or preventing proliferative diseases. Exemplary proliferative diseases include cancers (e.g., breast cancer, prostate cancer, lymphoma, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, neuroblastoma, or colorectal cancer), benign neoplasms, angiogenesis, inflammatory diseases, fibrosis (e.g., polycystic kidney disease), autoinflammatory diseases, and autoimmune diseases. In other embodiments, the present invention provides methods for treating and/or preventing an infectious disease (e.g. , a viral infection).

90 [10] In another aspect, the present invention provides methods for treating a proliferative disease (e.g., cancers (e.g. , breast cancer, prostate cancer, lymphoma, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, neuroblastoma, or colorectal cancer), benign neoplasms, angiogenesis, inflammatory diseases, fibrosis (e.g., polycystic kidney disease), autoinflammatory diseases, and autoimmune diseases) characterized by deregulated activity of c-Myc or other Myc family

95 members (e.g., N-Myc or L-Myc). In some embodiments, the deregulated activity of c-Myc or other Myc family members (e.g., N-Myc or L-Myc) comprises deregulation of upstream signaling, gene amplification, or chromosomal translocation by c-Myc or other Myc family members (e.g., N-Myc or L-Myc). In some embodiments, the proliferative disease is

characterized by overexpression of c-Myc or other Myc family members (e.g., N-Myc or L- 100 Myc). In some embodiments, the method comprises administering to a subject a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, tautomer, stereoisomer, or isotopically labeled derivative thereof, and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, or compositions thereof.

[11] In another aspect, the present invention provides methods for treating a proliferative 105 disease (e.g., cancer (e.g., breast cancer, prostate cancer, lymphoma, or colorectal cancer),

benign neoplasm, angiogenesis, inflammatory diseases, autoinflammatory diseases, and autoimmune diseases) characterized by deregulation of other bHLH transcription factors, e.g., MITF, TWIST 1, Max, E2A/TCF3, and HES l . In some embodiments, the proliferative disease is characterized by deregulation of the interaction between c-Myc and other bHLH transcription 110 factors, e.g., Max. In some embodiments, the method comprises administering to a subject a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, tautomer, stereoisomer, or isotopically labeled derivative thereof, and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, or compositions thereof.

[12] In another aspect, the present invention provides methods for treating a subject

115 determined to exhibit deregulated activity of c-Myc or other Myc family members (e.g., N-Myc or L-Myc). In some embodiments, the deregulated Myc activity comprises overexpression of c- Myc or other Myc family members (e.g., N-Myc or L-Myc). In some embodiments, the method comprises administering to a subject a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, tautomer, stereoisomer, or isotopically labeled derivative 120 thereof, and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, or compositions thereof.

[13] In another aspect, the present invention provides methods of reducing transcription of a gene upregulated in a proliferative disease (e.g., cancers (e.g., breast cancer, prostate cancer, lymphoma, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, neuroblastoma, or colorectal cancer), benign neoplasms, angiogenesis, inflammatory diseases, fibrosis (e.g., polycystic kidney

125 disease), autoinflammatory diseases, and autoimmune diseases). In some embodiments, the

method comprises administering to a subject a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, tautomer, stereoisomer, or isotopically labeled derivative thereof, and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, or compositions thereof.

[14] In another aspect, the present invention provides methods of treating a proliferative

130 disease characterized by Myc additiction (e.g., addiction to c-Myc or other Myc family members, e.g., N-Myc or L-Myc). In some embodiments, the method comprises administering to a subject a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, tautomer, stereoisomer, or isotopically labeled derivative thereof, and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, or compositions thereof.

135 [15] In another aspect, the present invention provides methods of inducing apoptosis of a cell in a biological sample or a subject. In some embodiments, the apoptosis is triggered by c-Myc or other Myc family members (e.g., N-Myc or L-Myc). In some embodiments, the method comprises administering to a subject a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, tautomer, stereoisomer, or isotopically labeled derivative

140 thereof, and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, or compositions thereof.

[16] In another aspect, the present invention provides methods of inducing terminal differentiation of a cell in a biological sample or subject. In some embodiments, the terminal differentiation is triggered by c-Myc or other Myc family members (e.g., N-Myc or L-Myc). In some embodiments, the method comprises administering to a subject a compound of Formula (I)

145 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, tautomer, stereoisomer, or isotopically labeled derivative thereof, and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, or

compositions thereof.

[17] In another aspect, the present invention provides methods of inducing senescence of a cell in a biological sample or subject. In some embodiments, the senescence is triggered by c- 150 Myc or other Myc family members (e.g., N-Myc or L-Myc). In some embodiments, the method comprises administering to a subject a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically

acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, tautomer, stereoisomer, or isotopically labeled derivative thereof, and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, or compositions thereof.

[18] In another aspect, the present invention provides methods of disrupting the interaction of

155 one or more bHLH transcription factors, e.g., Myc (e.g., c-Myc or other Myc family members (e.g., N-Myc or L-Myc)), MITF, TWIST 1, Max, E2A/TCF3, or HES 1, with DNA in a cell. In some embodiments, a compound Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, tautomer, stereoisomer, or isotopically labeled derivative thereof may disrupt the interaction of one or more bHLH transcription factors, e.g., Myc (e.g., c-Myc or other Myc

160 family members (e.g., N-Myc or L-Myc)), MITF, TWIST1, Max, E2A/TCF3, or HES 1, with DNA in a cell.

[19] In another aspect, the present invention provides methods of disrupting the activity of a complex of bHLH transcription factors, e.g., Myc (e.g., c-Myc or other Myc family members (e.g., N-Myc or L-Myc)), MITF, TWIST 1, Max, E2A/TCF3, or HES 1, in a cell. In some

165 embodiments, a compound Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, tautomer, stereoisomer, or isotopically labeled derivative thereof may disrupt the activity of a complex of bHLH transcription factors, e.g., Myc (e.g., c-Myc or other Myc family members (e.g., N-Myc or L-Myc)), MITF, TWIST 1, Max, E2A/TCF3, or HES 1, in a cell.

[20] In yet another aspect, the present invention provides compounds of Formula (I), and

170 pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, hydrates, tautomers, stereoisomers, isotopically

labeled derivatives, and compositions thereof, for use in the treatment or prevention of an infectious disease in a subject. In certain embodiments, the infectious disease is a viral infection.

[21] Another aspect of the present invention relates to kits comprising a container with a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, tautomer,

175 stereoisomer, or isotopically labeled derivative thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.

In certain embodiments, the kits described herein further include instructions for administering the compound of Formula (I), or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, tautomer, stereoisomer, or isotopically labeled derivative thereof, or the pharmaceutical composition thereof.

180 [22] The details of one or more embodiments of the invention are set forth herein. Other

features, objects, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the Detailed Description, the Figures, the Examples, and the Claims.

DEFINITIONS

[23] Definitions of specific functional groups and chemical terms are described in more detail 185 below. The chemical elements are identified in accordance with the Periodic Table of the

Elements, CAS version, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 75 ^th Ed., inside cover, and specific functional groups are generally defined as described therein. Additionally, general principles of organic chemistry, as well as specific functional moieties and reactivity, are described in Thomas Sorrell, Organic Chemistry, University Science Books, Sausalito, 1999; Smith and March,

190 March ' s Advanced Organic Chemistry, 5 ^th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 2001;

Larock, Comprehensive Organic Transformations, VCH Publishers, Inc., New York, 1989; and

Carruthers, Some Modern Methods of Organic Synthesis, 3 rd Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1987.

[24] It is to be understood that compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in 195 the nature or sequence of bonding of their atoms or the arrangement of their atoms in space are termed "isomers". Isomers that differ in the arrangement of their atoms in space are termed "stereoisomers".

[25] Stereoisomers that are not mirror images of one another are termed "diastereomers" and those that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other are termed "enantiomers". When

200 a compound has an asymmetric center, for example, it is bonded to four different groups and a pair of enantiomers is possible. An enantiomer can be characterized by the absolute

configuration of its asymmetric center and is described by the R- and S-sequencing rules of Cahn and Prelog, or by the manner in which the molecule rotates the plane of polarized light and designated as dextrorotatory or levorotatory {i.e., as (+) or (-)-isomers respectively). A chiral

205 compound can exist as either individual enantiomer or as a mixture thereof. A mixture

containing equal proportions of the enantiomers is called a "racemic mixture".

[26] The term "tautomers" refer to compounds that are interchangeable forms of a particular compound structure, and that vary in the displacement of hydrogen atoms and electrons. Thus, two structures may be in equilibrium through the movement of π electrons and an atom (usually

210 H). For example, enols and ketones are tautomers because they are rapidly interconverted by treatment with either acid or base. Another example of tautomerism is the aci- and nitro- forms of phenylnitromethane that are likewise formed by treatment with acid or base.

[27] Tautomeric forms may be relevant to the attainment of the optimal chemical reactivity and biological activity of a compound of interest.

215 [28] Unless otherwise stated, structures depicted herein are also meant to include all isomeric (e.g., enantiomeric, diastereomeric, and geometric (or conformational)) forms of the structure; for example, the R and S configurations for each asymmetric center, Z and E double bond isomers, and Z and E conformational isomers. Therefore, single stereochemical isomers as well as enantiomeric, diastereomeric, and geometric (or conformational) mixtures of the present

220 compounds are within the scope of the invention. Unless otherwise stated, all tautomeric forms of the compounds of the invention are within the scope of the invention. Additionally, unless otherwise stated, structures depicted herein are also meant to include compounds that differ only in the presence of one or more isotopically enriched atoms. For example, compounds having the present structures including the replacement of hydrogen by deuterium or tritium, or the

225 replacement of a carbon by a ¹³ C- or ¹⁴ C-enriched carbon are within the scope of this invention.

Such compounds are useful, for example, as analytical tools, as probes in biological assays, or as therapeutic agents in accordance with the present invention.

[29] Where a particular enantiomer is preferred, it may, in some embodiments be provided substantially free of the corresponding enantiomer, and may also be referred to as "optically

230 enriched." "Optically-enriched," as used herein, means that the compound is made up of a

significantly greater proportion of one enantiomer. In certain embodiments the compound is made up of at least about 90% by weight of a preferred enantiomer. In other embodiments the compound is made up of at least about 95%, 98%, or 99% by weight of a preferred enantiomer. Preferred enantiomers may be isolated from racemic mixtures by any method known to those

235 skilled in the art, including chiral high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the

formation and crystallization of chiral salts or prepared by asymmetric syntheses. See, for example, Jacques et al., Enantiomers, Racemates and Resolutions (Wiley Interscience, New York, 1981); Wilen, et al., Tetrahedron 33:2725 (1977); Eliel, E.L. Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds (McGraw-Hill, NY, 1962); Wilen, S.H. Tables of Resolving Agents and Optical

240 Resolutions p. 268 (E.L. Eliel, Ed., Univ. of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, IN 1972).

[30] The term "aliphatic" or "aliphatic group", as used herein, denotes a hydrocarbon moiety that may be straight-chain (i.e., unbranched), branched, or cyclic (including fused, bridging, and spiro-fused polycyclic) and may be completely saturated or may contain one or more units of unsaturation, but which is not aromatic. Unless otherwise specified, aliphatic groups contain 1-6

245 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1-4 carbon atoms, and in yet other embodiments aliphatic groups contain 1-3 carbon atoms. Suitable aliphatic groups include, but are not limited to, linear or branched, alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl groups, and hybrids thereof such as (carbocyclyl)alkyl, (carbocyclyl)alkyl or (carbocyclyl)alkenyl.

[31] The term "alkyl," as used herein, refers to a monovalent saturated, straight- or

250 branched-chain hydrocarbon such as a straight or branched group of 1-12, 1-10, or 1-6 carbon atoms, referred to herein as C1-C12 alkyl, Ci-Cio alkyl, and Ci-C ₆ alkyl, respectively. Examples of alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, sec-pentyl, iso-pentyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl, sec-hexyl, and the like.

255 [32] The terms "alkenyl" and "alkynyl" are art-recognized and refer to unsaturated aliphatic groups analogous in length and possible substitution to the alkyls described above, but that contain at least one double or triple bond, respectively. Exemplary alkenyl groups include, but are not limited to, -CH=CH ₂ and -CH ₂ CH=CH ₂ .

[33] The term "alkylene" refers to the diradical of an alkyl group.

260 [34] The terms "alkenylene" and "alkynylene" refer to the diradicals of an alkenyl and an alkynyl group, respectively.

[35] The terms "halo" or "halogen" refer to fluorine (fluoro, -F), chlorine (chloro, -CI), bromine (bromo, -Br), or iodine (iodo, -I).

[36] The term "haloalkyl" refers to a monovalent saturated straight or branched alkyl chain 265 wherein at least one carbon atom in the chain is substituted with a halogen, e.g., F, CI, Br, or I. In some embodiments, a haloalkyl group may comprise, e.g., 1-12, 1- 10, or 1-6 carbon atoms, referred to herein as Ci-Ci ₂ haloalkyl, Ci-Cio haloalkyl, and Ci-C ₆ haloalkyl. In certain instances, a haloalkyl group comprises 1, 2, 3, or 4 independently selected halogens substituted on 1, 2, 3, or 4 individual carbon atoms in the alkyl chain. In some embodiments, more than one 270 halogen may be substituted on a single carbon atom. Representative haloalkyl groups include - CH ₂ F, -CF ₃ , CH ₂ CH(C1)CH ₃ , and the like.

[37] The term "haloalkylene" refers to the diradical of a haloalkyl group. [38] The term "heteroalkyl" refers to a monovalent saturated straight or branched alkyl chain wherein at least one carbon atom in the chain is replaced with a heteroatom, such as O, S, or N.

275 In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group may comprise, e.g., 1-12, 1- 10, or 1-6 carbon atoms, referred to herein as Q-C 12 heteroalkyl, Q-C 10 heteroalkyl, and Ci-C ₆ heteroalkyl. In certain instances, a heteroalkyl group comprises 1, 2, 3, or 4 independently selected heteroatoms in place of 1, 2, 3, or 4 individual carbon atoms in the alkyl chain. Representative heteroalkyl groups include -CH ₂ CH ₂ OCH ₃ , -CH ₂ CH ₂ NHCH ₃ , -CH ₂ CH ₂ N(CH ₃ )CH ₃ , and the like.

280 [39] The term "heteroalkylene" refers to the diradical of a heteralkyl group.

[40] The term "methylene unit" refers to a divalent -CH ₂ - group present in an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylene, alkenylene, or alkynylene moiety.

[41] The term "carbocyclic ring system", as used herein, means a monocyclic, or fused, spiro- fused, and/or bridged bicyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon ring system, wherein each ring is either 285 completely saturated or contains one or more units of unsaturation, but where no ring is

aromatic.

[42] The term "carbocyclyl" refers to a radical of a carbocyclic ring system. Representative carbocyclyl groups include cycloalkyl groups (e.g., cyclopentyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and the like), and cycloalkenyl groups (e.g., cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl,

290 cyclopentadienyl, and the like).

[43] The term "aromatic ring system" is art-recognized and refers to a monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon ring system, wherein at least one ring is aromatic.

[44] The term "aryl" refers to a radical of an aromatic ring system. Representative aryl groups include fully aromatic ring systems, such as phenyl, naphthyl, and anthracenyl, and ring systems

295 where an aromatic carbon ring is fused to one or more non-aromatic carbon rings, such as

indanyl, phthalimidyl, naphthimidyl, or tetrahydronaphthyl, and the like.

[45] The term "heteroaromatic ring system" is art-recognized and refers to monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic ring system wherein at least one ring is both aromatic and comprises a heteroatom; and wherein no other rings are heterocyclyl (as defined below). In certain instances,

300 a ring which is aromatic and comprises a heteroatom contains 1, 2, 3, or 4 independently selected ring heteroatoms in such ring.

[46] The term "heteroaryl" refers to a radical of a heteroaromatic ring system. Representative heteroaryl groups include ring systems where (I) each ring comprises a heteroatom and is aromatic, e.g., imidazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, triazolyl, pyrrolyl, furanyl, thiophenyl pyrazolyl, 305 pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, indolizinyl, purinyl, naphthyridinyl, and

pteridinyl; (ii) each ring is aromatic or carbocyclyl, at least one aromatic ring comprises a heteroatom and at least one other ring is a hydrocarbon ring or e.g., indolyl, isoindolyl, benzothienyl, benzofuranyl, dibenzofuranyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzthiazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl,

310 phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxazinyl, pyrido[2,3- ]-l,4-oxazin-3(4H)-one, thiazolo-[4,5-c]- pyridinyl, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridinyl, 5,6-dihydro-4H-thieno[2,3-c]pyrrolyl, 4,5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolinyl and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinolinyl; and (iii) each ring is aromatic or carbocyclyl, and at least one aromatic ring shares a bridgehead heteroatom with another aromatic ring, e.g., 4H-quinolizinyl. In certain embodiments, the heteroaryl is a monocyclic or 315 bicyclic ring, wherein each of said rings contains 5 or 6 ring atoms where 1, 2, 3, or 4 of said ring atoms are a heteroatom independently selected from N, O, and S.

[47] The term "heterocyclic ring system" refers to monocyclic, or fused, spiro-fused, and/or bridged bicyclic and polycyclic ring systems where at least one ring is saturated or partially unsaturated (but not aromatic) and comprises a heteroatom. A heterocyclic ring system can be 320 attached to its pendant group at any heteroatom or carbon atom that results in a stable structure and any of the ring atoms can be optionally substituted.

[48] The term "heterocyclyl" refers to a radical of a heterocyclic ring system. Representative heterocyclyls include ring systems in which (i) every ring is non-aromatic and at least one ring comprises a heteroatom, e.g., tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolidonyl,

325 piperidinyl, pyrrolinyl, decahydroquinolinyl, oxazolidinyl, piperazinyl, dioxanyl, dioxolanyl, diazepinyl, oxazepinyl, thiazepinyl, morpholinyl, and quinuclidinyl; (ii) at least one ring is non-aromatic and comprises a heteroatom and at least one other ring is an aromatic carbon ring, e.g., 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolinyl; and (iii) at least one ring is non-aromatic and comprises a heteroatom and at least one other ring is aromatic and comprises a heteroatom, e.g.,

330 3,4-dihydro- lH-pyrano[4,3-c]pyridinyl, and l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2,6-naphthyridinyl. In certain embodiments, the heterocyclyl is a monocyclic or bicyclic ring, wherein each of said rings contains 3-7 ring atoms where 1, 2, 3, or 4 of said ring atoms are a heteroatom independently selected from N, O, and S. [49] The term "saturated heterocyclyl" refers to a radical of heterocyclic ring system wherein 335 every ring is saturated, e.g., tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydro-2H-pyran, pyrrolidine, piperidine and piperazine.

[50] "Partially unsaturated" refers to a group that includes at least one double or triple bond. A "partially unsaturated" ring system is further intended to encompass rings having multiple sites of unsaturation, but is not intended to include aromatic groups (e.g., aryl or heteroaryl 340 groups) as herein defined. Likewise, "saturated" refers to a group that does not contain a double or triple bond, i.e. , contains all single bonds.

[51] As described herein, compounds of the invention may contain "optionally substituted" moieties. In general, the term "substituted", whether preceded by the term "optionally" or not, means that one or more hydrogens of the designated moiety are replaced with a suitable

345 substituent. Unless otherwise indicated, an "optionally substituted" group may have a suitable substituent at each substitutable position of the group, and when more than one position in any given structure may be substituted with more than one substituent selected from a specified group, the substituent may be either the same or different at each position. Combinations of substituents envisioned under this invention are preferably those that result in the formation of

350 stable or chemically feasible compounds. The term "stable", as used herein, refers to compounds that are not substantially altered when subjected to conditions to allow for their production, detection, and, in certain embodiments, their recovery, purification, and use for one or more of the purposes disclosed herein.

[52] Suitable substituents for an optionally substituted alkyl, alkylene, haloalkyl, haloalkylene, 355 heteroalkyl, heteroalkylene, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl group and heteroaryl group include halogen, =0, -

CN, -OR ^c , -NR ^d R ^e , -S(0) _k R ^c , -NR ^c S(0) ₂ R ^c , -S(0) ₂ NR ^d R ^e , -C(=0)OR ^c , -OC(=0)OR ^c ,- OC(=0)R ^c , -

OC(=S)OR ^c , -C(=S)OR ^c , -0(C=S)R ^c , -C(=0)NR ^d R ^e , -NR ^c C(=0)R ^c , -C(=S)NR ^d R ^e , -NR ^C C(=S)R ^C 360 , -NR ^c (C=0)OR ^c , -0(C=0)NR ^d R ^e , -NR ^c (C=S)OR ^c , -0(C=S)NR ^d R ^e , -NR ^c (C=0)NR ^d R ^e , -NR ^C (C= S)NR ^d R ^e , -C(=S)R ^C , -C(=0)R ^c , Ci-C ₆ alkyl, Ci-C ₆ haloalkyl, Ci-C ₆ heteroalkyl, carbocyclyl, (Ci-C ₆ -alkylene)-carbocyclyl, (Ci-C ₆ -heteroalkylene)-carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, (Ci-C ₆ - alkylene)-heterocyclyl, (Ci-C ₆ -heteroalkylene)-heterocyclyl, aryl, (Ci-C ₆ -alkylene)-aryl, (Ci-C ₆ - heteroalkylene)-aryl, heteroaryl, (Ci-C ₆ -alkylene)-heteroaryl, or (Ci-C ₆ -heteroalkylene)- 365 heteroaryl, wherein each of said alkyl, alkylene, heteroalkyl, heteroalkylene, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more of halogen,

OR ^c , -NO ₂ , -CN, -NR ^c C(=0)R ^c , -NR ^d R ^e , -S(0) _k R ^c , -C(=0)OR ^c , -C(=0)NR ^d R ^e , -C(=0)R ^c , Ci-C ₆ alkyl, Ci-C ₆ haloalkyl, or Ci-C ₆ heteroalkyl, and wherein R ^c is hydrogen, hydroxy, Ci-C ₆ alkyl, Ci-C ₆ heteroalkyl, carbocyclyl, (Ci-C ₆ -alkylene)-carbocyclyl, (Ci-C ₆ -heteroalkylene)-

370 carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, (Ci-C ₆ -alkylene)-heterocyclyl, (Ci-C ₆ -heteroalkylene)-heterocyclyl, aryl, (Ci-C ₆ -alkylene)-aryl, (Ci-C ₆ -heteroalkylene)-aryl, heteroaryl, (Ci-C ₆ -alkylene)-heteroaryl, or (Ci-C ₆ -heteroalkylene)-heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more of halogen, hydroxy, Ci-C ₆ alkyl, Ci-C ₆ haloalkyl, Ci-C ₆ heteroalkyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; R ^d and R ^e are each independently selected from hydrogen, Ci-C ₆ alkyl, or Ci-

375 C ₆ heteroalkyl; and k is 0, 1 or 2.

[53] These and other exemplary substituents are described in more detail in the Detailed Description, Figures, Examples, and Claims. The invention is not intended to be limited in any manner by the above exemplary listing of substituents.

Other definitions

380 [54] The following definitions are more general terms used throughout the present application:

[55] As used herein, the term "pharmaceutically acceptable salt" refers to those salts which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animals without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response and the like, and are commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are

385 well known in the art. For example, Berge et al., describe pharmaceutically acceptable salts in detail in J. Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1977, 66, 1-19, incorporated herein by reference.

Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of this invention include those derived from suitable inorganic and organic acids and bases. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable, nontoxic acid addition salts are salts of an amino group formed with inorganic acids such as

390 hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, and perchloric acid or with organic acids such as acetic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid, or malonic acid or by using other methods known in the art such as ion exchange. Other pharmaceutically acceptable salts include adipate, alginate, ascorbate, aspartate,

benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bisulfate, borate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, citrate, 395 cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, formate, fumarate, glucoheptonate, glycerophosphate, gluconate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxy-ethanesulfonate, lactobionate, lactate, laurate, lauryl sulfate, malate, maleate, malonate, methanesulfonate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, oleate, oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-phenylpropionate, phosphate, picrate, pivalate,

400 propionate, stearate, succinate, sulfate, tartrate, thiocyanate, p-toluenesulfonate, undecanoate, valerate salts, and the like. Salts derived from appropriate bases include alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium and N ⁺ (Ci^ alkyl) ₄ ^" salts. Representative alkali or alkaline earth metal salts include sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and the like. Further

pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, when appropriate, nontoxic ammonium, quaternary

405 ammonium, and amine cations formed using counterions such as halide, hydroxide, carboxylate, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, lower alkyl sulfonate, and aryl sulfonate.

[56] The term "solvate" refers to forms of the compound that are associated with a solvent, usually by a solvolysis reaction. This physical association may include hydrogen bonding.

Conventional solvents include water, methanol, ethanol, acetic acid, DMSO, THF, diethyl ether,

410 and the like. The compounds of Formula (I) may be prepared, e.g. , in crystalline form, and may be solvated. Suitable solvates include pharmaceutically acceptable solvates and further include both stoichiometric solvates and non-stoichiometric solvates. In certain instances, the solvate will be capable of isolation, for example, when one or more solvent molecules are incorporated in the crystal lattice of a crystalline solid. "Solvate" encompasses both solution-phase and

415 isolable solvates. Representative solvates include hydrates, ethanolates, and methanolates.

[57] The term "hydrate" refers to a compound which is associated with water. Typically, the number of the water molecules contained in a hydrate of a compound is in a definite ratio to the number of the compound molecules in the hydrate. Therefore, a hydrate of a compound may be represented, for example, by the general formula R x H ₂ 0, wherein R is the compound and

420 wherein x is a number greater than 0. A given compound may form more than one type of

hydrates, including, e.g. , monohydrates (x is 1), lower hydrates (x is a number greater than 0 and smaller than 1, e.g. , hemihydrates (R-0.5 H ₂ 0)), and polyhydrates (x is a number greater than 1, e.g. , dihydrates (R-2 H ₂ 0) and hexahydrates (R-6 H ₂ 0)).

[58] A "subject" to which administration is contemplated includes, but is not limited to, 425 humans (i.e. , a male or female of any age group, e.g. , a pediatric subject (e.g., infant, child, adolescent) or adult subject (e.g. , young adult, middle-aged adult, or senior adult)) and/or other non-human animals, for example, mammals (e.g. , primates (e.g. , cynomolgus monkeys, rhesus monkeys); commercially relevant mammals such as cattle, pigs, horses, sheep, goats, cats, and/or dogs) and birds (e.g. , commercially relevant birds such as chickens, ducks, geese, and/or

430 turkeys). In certain embodiments, the animal is a mammal. The animal may be a male or female and at any stage of development. A non-human animal may be a transgenic animal.

[59] The terms "administer," "administering," or "administration," as used herein refers to implanting, absorbing, ingesting, injecting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing an inventive compound, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.

435 [60] As used herein, the terms "treatment," "treat," and "treating" refer to reversing,

alleviating, delaying the onset of, or inhibiting the progress of a "pathological condition" (e.g. , a disease, disorder, or condition, or one or more signs or symptoms thereof) described herein. In some embodiments, "treatment," "treat," and "treating" require that signs or symptoms of the disease disorder or condition have developed or have been observed. In other embodiments,

440 treatment may be administered in the absence of signs or symptoms of the disease or condition.

For example, treatment may be administered to a susceptible individual prior to the onset of symptoms (e.g. , in light of a history of symptoms and/or in light of genetic or other susceptibility factors). Treatment may also be continued after symptoms have resolved, for example, to delay or prevent recurrence.

445 [61] As used herein, the terms "condition," "disease," and "disorder" are used

interchangeably.

[62] An "effective amount" of a compound of Formula (I) refers to an amount sufficient to elicit the desired biological response, i.e. , treating the condition. As will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in this art, the effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) may vary

450 depending on such factors as the desired biological endpoint, the pharmacokinetics of the

compound, the condition being treated, the mode of administration, and the age and health of the subject. An effective amount encompasses therapeutic and prophylactic treatment. For example, in treating cancer, an effective amount of an inventive compound may reduce the tumor burden or stop the growth or spread of a tumor.

455 [63] A "therapeutically effective amount" of a compound of Formula (I) is an amount

sufficient to provide a therapeutic benefit in the treatment of a condition or to delay or minimize one or more symptoms associated with the condition. In some embodiments, a therapeutically effective amount is an amount sufficient to provide a therapeutic benefit in the treatment of a condition or to minimize one or more symptoms associated with the condition. A therapeutically

460 effective amount of a compound means an amount of therapeutic agent, alone or in combination with other therapies, which provides a therapeutic benefit in the treatment of the condition. The term "therapeutically effective amount" can encompass an amount that improves overall therapy, reduces or avoids symptoms or causes of the condition, or enhances the therapeutic efficacy of another therapeutic agent.

465 [64] A "prophylactically effective amount" of a compound of Formula (I) is an amount

sufficient to prevent a condition, or one or more symptoms associated with the condition or prevent its recurrence. A prophylactically effective amount of a compound means an amount of a therapeutic agent, alone or in combination with other agents, which provides a prophylactic benefit in the prevention of the condition. The term "prophylactically effective amount" can

470 encompass an amount that improves overall prophylaxis or enhances the prophylactic efficacy of another prophylactic agent.

[65] A "proliferative disease" refers to a disease that occurs due to abnormal growth or extension by the multiplication of cells (Walker, Cambridge Dictionary of Biology; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 1990). A proliferative disease may be associated with: 1) the

475 pathological proliferation of normally quiescent cells; 2) the pathological migration of cells from their normal location (e.g., metastasis of neoplastic cells); 3) the pathological expression of proteolytic enzymes such as the matrix metalloproteinases (e.g., collagenases, gelatinases, and elastases); or 4) the pathological angiogenesis as in proliferative retinopathy and tumor metastasis. Exemplary proliferative diseases include cancers (i.e., "malignant neoplasms"),

480 benign neoplasms, angiogenesis, inflammatory diseases, autoinflammatory diseases, and

autoimmune diseases.

[66] The terms "neoplasm" and "tumor" are used herein interchangeably and refer to an abnormal mass of tissue wherein the growth of the mass surpasses and is not coordinated with the growth of a normal tissue. A neoplasm or tumor may be "benign" or "malignant," depending 485 on the following characteristics: degree of cellular differentiation (including morphology and functionality), rate of growth, local invasion, and metastasis. A "benign neoplasm" is generally well differentiated, has characteristically slower growth than a malignant neoplasm, and remains localized to the site of origin. In addition, a benign neoplasm does not have the capacity to infiltrate, invade, or metastasize to distant sites. Exemplary benign neoplasms include, but are

490 not limited to, lipoma, chondroma, adenomas, acrochordon, senile angiomas, seborrheic

keratoses, lentigos, and sebaceous hyperplasias. In some cases, certain "benign" tumors may later give rise to malignant neoplasms, which may result from additional genetic changes in a subpopulation of the tumor's neoplastic cells, and these tumors are referred to as "pre-malignant neoplasms." An exemplary pre-malignant neoplasm is a teratoma. In contrast, a "malignant

495 neoplasm" is generally poorly differentiated (anaplasia) and has characteristically rapid growth accompanied by progressive infiltration, invasion, and destruction of the surrounding tissue. Furthermore, a malignant neoplasm generally has the capacity to metastasize to distant sites.

[67] As used herein, the term "cancer" refers to a malignant neoplasm (Stedman 's Medical Dictionary, 25th ed.; Hensyl ed.; Williams & Wilkins: Philadelphia, 1990). Exemplary cancers

500 include, but are not limited to, acoustic neuroma; adenocarcinoma; adrenal gland cancer; anal cancer; angiosarcoma (e.g., lymphangio sarcoma, lymphangioendothelio sarcoma,

hemangiosarcoma); appendix cancer; benign monoclonal gammopathy; biliary cancer (e.g., cholangiocarcinoma); bladder cancer; breast cancer (e.g., adenocarcinoma of the breast, papillary carcinoma of the breast, mammary cancer, medullary carcinoma of the breast); brain cancer (e.g.,

505 meningioma, glioblastomas, glioma (e.g., astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma), medulloblastoma); bronchus cancer; carcinoid tumor; cervical cancer (e.g., cervical adenocarcinoma);

choriocarcinoma; chordoma; craniopharyngioma; colorectal cancer (e.g., colon cancer, rectal cancer, colorectal adenocarcinoma); connective tissue cancer; epithelial carcinoma;

ependymoma; endothelio sarcoma (e.g., Kaposi' s sarcoma, multiple idiopathic hemorrhagic

510 sarcoma); endometrial cancer (e.g., uterine cancer, uterine sarcoma); esophageal cancer (e.g., adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, Barrett' s adenocarcinoma); Ewing' s sarcoma; eye cancer (e.g., intraocular melanoma, retinoblastoma); familiar hypereosinophilia; gall bladder cancer; gastric cancer (e.g., stomach adenocarcinoma); gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST); germ cell cancer; head and neck cancer (e.g., head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, oral cancer (e.g.,

515 oral squamous cell carcinoma), throat cancer (e.g., laryngeal cancer, pharyngeal cancer,

nasopharyngeal cancer, oropharyngeal cancer)); hematopoietic cancers (e.g., leukemia such as acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) (e.g., B-cell ALL, T-cell ALL), acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) (e.g., B-cell AML, T-cell AML), chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) (e.g., B-cell CML, T-cell CML), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (e.g., B-cell CLL, T-cell CLL));

520 lymphoma such as Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) (e.g., B-cell HL, T-cell HL) and non-Hodgkin

lymphoma (NHL) (e.g. , B-cell NHL such as diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLCL) (e.g., diffuse large B-cell lymphoma), follicular lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), marginal zone B-cell lymphomas (e.g., mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas, nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma,

525 splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphoma), primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma, Burkitt

lymphoma, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (i.e., Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia), hairy cell leukemia (HCL), immunoblastic large cell lymphoma, precursor B -lymphoblastic lymphoma and primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma; and T-cell NHL such as precursor

T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia, peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) (e.g., cutaneous

530 T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) (e.g., mycosis fungoides, Sezary syndrome), angioimmunoblastic

T-cell lymphoma, extranodal natural killer T-cell lymphoma, enteropathy type T-cell lymphoma, subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma, and anaplastic large cell lymphoma); a mixture of one or more leukemia/lymphoma as described above; and multiple myeloma (MM)), heavy chain disease (e.g. , alpha chain disease, gamma chain disease, mu chain disease);

535 hemangioblastoma; hypopharynx cancer; inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors; immunocytic amyloidosis; kidney cancer (e.g., nephroblastoma a.k.a. Wilms' tumor, renal cell carcinoma); liver cancer (e.g., hepatocellular cancer (HCC), malignant hepatoma); lung cancer (e.g., bronchogenic carcinoma, small cell lung cancer (SCLC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), adenocarcinoma of the lung); leiomyosarcoma (LMS); mastocytosis (e.g., systemic

540 mastocytosis); muscle cancer; myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS); mesothelioma;

myeloproliferative disorder (MPD) (e.g., polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocytosis (ET), agnogenic myeloid metaplasia (AMM) a.k.a. myelofibrosis (MF), chronic idiopathic

myelofibrosis, chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML), chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL), hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES)); neuroblastoma; neurofibroma (e.g., neurofibromatosis (NF)

545 type 1 or type 2, schwannomatosis); neuroendocrine cancer (e.g., gastroenteropancreatic

neuroendocrine tumor (GEP-NET), carcinoid tumor); osteosarcoma (e.g., bone cancer); ovarian cancer (e.g., cystadenocarcinoma, ovarian embryonal carcinoma, ovarian adenocarcinoma); papillary adenocarcinoma; pancreatic cancer (e.g., pancreatic adenocarcinoma, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN), Islet cell tumors); penile cancer (e.g., Paget' s disease of 550 the penis and scrotum); pinealoma; primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNT); plasma cell neoplasia; paraneoplastic syndromes; intraepithelial neoplasms; prostate cancer (e.g., prostate adenocarcinoma); rectal cancer; rhabdomyosarcoma; salivary gland cancer; skin cancer (e.g., squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), keratoacanthoma (KA), melanoma, basal cell carcinoma (BCC)); small bowel cancer (e.g., appendix cancer); soft tissue sarcoma (e.g., malignant fibrous

555 histiocytoma (MFH), liposarcoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST),

chondrosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, myxosarcoma); sebaceous gland carcinoma; small intestine cancer; sweat gland carcinoma; synovioma; testicular cancer (e.g., seminoma, testicular embryonal carcinoma); thyroid cancer (e.g., papillary carcinoma of the thyroid, papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), medullary thyroid cancer); urethral cancer; vaginal cancer; and vulvar cancer

560 (e.g., Paget' s disease of the vulva).

[68] The term "angiogenesis" refers to the formation and the growth of new blood vessels. Normal angiogenesis occurs in the healthy body of a subject for healing wounds and for restoring blood flow to tissues after injury. The healthy body controls angiogenesis through a number of means, e.g. , angiogenesis- stimulating growth factors and angiogenesis inhibitors.

565 Many disease states, such as cancer, diabetic blindness, age-related macular degeneration,

rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriasis, are characterized by abnormal (i.e. , increased or excessive) angiogenesis. Abnormal angiogenesis refers to angiogenesis greater than that in a normal body, especially angiogenesis in an adult not related to normal angiogenesis (e.g. , menstruation or wound healing). Abnormal angiogenesis can provide new blood vessels that feed diseased tissues

570 and/or destroy normal tissues, and in the case of cancer, the new vessels can allow tumor cells to escape into the circulation and lodge in other organs (tumor metastases).

[69] As used herein, an "inflammatory disease" refers to a disease caused by, resulting from, or resulting in inflammation. The term "inflammatory disease" may also refer to a dysregulated inflammatory reaction that causes an exaggerated response by macrophages, granulocytes, and/or

575 T-lymphocytes leading to abnormal tissue damage and/or cell death. An inflammatory disease can be either an acute or chronic inflammatory condition and can result from infections or non-infectious causes. Inflammatory diseases include, without limitation, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, autoimmune disorders, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), gouty arthritis, degenerative arthritis, tendonitis, bursitis,

580 psoriasis, cystic fibrosis, arthrosteitis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory arthritis, Sjogren' s syndrome, giant cell arteritis, progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma), ankylosing

spondylitis, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, pemphigus, pemphigoid, diabetes (e.g. , Type I), myasthenia gravis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves' disease, Goodpasture's disease, mixed connective tissue disease, sclerosing cholangitis, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease,

585 ulcerative colitis, pernicious anemia, inflammatory dermatoses, usual interstitial pneumonitis (UIP), asbestosis, silicosis, bronchiectasis, berylliosis, talcosis, pneumoconiosis, sarcoidosis, desquamative interstitial pneumonia, lymphoid interstitial pneumonia, giant cell interstitial pneumonia, cellular interstitial pneumonia, extrinsic allergic alveolitis, Wegener's

granulomatosis and related forms of angiitis (temporal arteritis and polyarteritis nodosa),

590 inflammatory dermatoses, hepatitis, delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions (e.g. , poison ivy dermatitis), pneumonia, respiratory tract inflammation, Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), encephalitis, immediate hypersensitivity reactions, asthma, hayfever, allergies, acute anaphylaxis, rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, cellulitis, cystitis, chronic cholecystitis, ischemia (ischemic injury), reperfusion injury, allograft rejection, host-versus-graft

595 rejection, appendicitis, arteritis, blepharitis, bronchiolitis, bronchitis, cervicitis, cholangitis, chorioamnionitis, conjunctivitis, dacryoadenitis, dermatomyositis, endocarditis, endometritis, enteritis, enterocolitis, epicondylitis, epididymitis, fasciitis, fibrositis, gastritis, gastroenteritis, gingivitis, ileitis, iritis, laryngitis, myelitis, myocarditis, nephritis, omphalitis, oophoritis, orchitis, osteitis, otitis, pancreatitis, parotitis, pericarditis, pharyngitis, pleuritis, phlebitis,

600 pneumonitis, proctitis, prostatitis, rhinitis, salpingitis, sinusitis, stomatitis, synovitis, testitis, tonsillitis, urethritis, urocystitis, uveitis, vaginitis, vasculitis, vulvitis, vulvovaginitis, angitis, chronic bronchitis, osteomyelitis, optic neuritis, temporal arteritis, transverse myelitis, necrotizing fasciitis, and necrotizing enterocolitis.

[70] As used herein, an "autoimmune disease" refers to a disease arising from an inappropriate 605 immune response of the body of a subject against substances and tissues normally present in the body. In other words, the immune system mistakes some part of the body as a pathogen and attacks its own cells. This may be restricted to certain organs (e.g. , in autoimmune thyroiditis) or involve a particular tissue in different places (e.g. , Goodpasture's disease which may affect the basement membrane in both the lung and kidney). The treatment of autoimmune diseases is 610 typically with immunosuppression, e.g. , medications which decrease the immune response.

Exemplary autoimmune diseases include, but are not limited to, glomerulonephritis, Goodpasture's syndrome, necrotizing vasculitis, lymphadenitis, peri- arteritis nodosa, systemic lupus erythematosis, rheumatoid, arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosis, psoriasis, ulcerative colitis, systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis/polymyositis, anti-phospholipid 615 antibody syndrome, scleroderma, pemphigus vulgaris, ANCA-associated vasculitis (e.g. ,

Wegener's granulomatosis, microscopic polyangiitis), uveitis, Sjogren' s syndrome, Crohn' s disease, Reiter's syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis, Lyme arthritis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Hashimoto' s thyroiditis, and cardiomyopathy.

[71] The term "autoinflammatory disease" refers to a category of diseases that are similar but 620 different from autoimmune diseases. Autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases share common characteristics in that both groups of disorders result from the immune system attacking a subject' s own tissues and result in increased inflammation. In autoinflammatory diseases, a subject' s innate immune system causes inflammation for unknown reasons. The innate immune system reacts even though it has never encountered autoantibodies or antigens in the subject. 625 Autoinflammatory disorders are characterized by intense episodes of inflammation that result in such symptoms as fever, rash, or joint swelling. These diseases also carry the risk of

amyloidosis, a potentially fatal buildup of a blood protein in vital organs. Autoinflammatory diseases include, but are not limited to, familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), neonatal onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated 630 periodic syndrome (TRAPS), deficiency of the interleukin- 1 receptor antagonist (DIRA), and Behcet' s disease.

[72] The term "biological sample" refers to any sample including tissue samples (such as tissue sections and needle biopsies of a tissue); cell samples (e.g. , cytological smears (such as Pap or blood smears) or samples of cells obtained by microdissection); samples of whole

635 organisms (such as samples of yeasts or bacteria); or cell fractions, fragments or organelles (such as obtained by lysing cells and separating the components thereof by centrifugation or otherwise). Other examples of biological samples include blood, serum, urine, semen, fecal matter, cerebrospinal fluid, interstitial fluid, mucus, tears, sweat, pus, biopsied tissue (e.g. , obtained by a surgical biopsy or needle biopsy), nipple aspirates, milk, vaginal fluid, saliva,

640 swabs (such as buccal swabs), or any material containing biomolecules that is derived from a first biological sample. Biological samples also include those biological samples that are transgenic, such as transgenic oocyte, sperm cell, blastocyst, embryo, fetus, donor cell, or cell nucleus.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF CERTAIN EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

Compounds

of the present invention, provided are compounds of Formula (I):

(I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt solvate, hydrate, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein:

650 [74] each of X ¹ , X ² , X ³ and X ⁴ is independently selected from C(R), N and N(O), wherein one or two of X ¹ , X ² , X ³ and X ⁴ is N or one of X ¹ , X ² , X ³ and X ⁴ is N(O);

[75] each R is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, -CN, Ci-C ₈ alkyl, Ci-C ₈ heteroalkyl, N(R ^3a )(R ^3b ), C(0)(d-C ₆ alkyl), C(0)0(d-C ₆ alkyl), (C ₀ -C ₆ alkylene)-carbocyclyl, (Ci-C ₆ heteroalkylene)-carbocyclyl, (Co-C ₆ alkylene)-heterocyclyl, (Ci-C ₆

655 heteroalkylene)-heterocyclyl, (Co-C ₆ alkylene)-aryl, (Ci-C ₆ heteroalkylene)-aryl, and (Co-C ₆ alkylene)-heteroaryl, wherein any alkyl, alkylene, heteroalkyl, heteroalkylene, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl or heteroaryl portion of R is optionally and independently substituted;

[76] Y is selected from O, S and N(R ^3a );

[77] Z is selected from C(R ^4a )(N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ )) and N(R );

660 [78] R ¹ is selected from hydrogen, Ci-C ₆ alkyl, Ci-C ₆ heteroalkyl, (Co-C ₆

alkylene)-carbocyclyl, (Ci-C ₆ heteroalkylene)-carbocyclyl, (Co-C ₆ alkylene)-heterocyclyl, (Ci-C ₆ heteroalkylene)-heterocyclyl, (Co-C ₆ alkylene)-aryl, (Ci-C ₆ heteroalkylene)-aryl, (Co-C ₆ alkylene)-heteroaryl, (Ci-C ₆ heteroalkylene)-heteroaryl, CH ₂ C(0)OR ⁷ , CH ₂ C(O)N(R ¹⁰ )(R ^u ), and CH ₂ CH ₂ N(R ¹⁰ )(R ^u ),wherein:

665 [79] R ¹⁰ is hydrogen or C C ₄ alkyl;

[80] R ¹¹ is selected from hydrogen, Ci-C ₄ alkyl, Ci-C ₄ heteroalkyl, (Co-C ₄ alkylene)- carbocyclyl, (Co-C ₄ alkylene)-heterocyclyl, (Co-C ₄ alkylene)-aryl, (Co-C ₄ alkylene)-heteroaryl, (Ci-C ₄ alkyl)-0-(Ci-C ₄ alkyl), (C1-C4 alkyl)-N-(Ci-C ₄ alkyl) ₂ , (C1-C4 alkyl)-NH-(Ci-C ₄ alkyl), C(0)-(Ci-C ₄ alkyl), and C(0)-0-(Ci-C ₄ alkyl), or 670 [81] R ¹⁰ and R ¹¹ are taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are commonly bound to form a 4-11 membered heterocyclyl or heteroaryl; and any alkyl, alkylene, heteroalkyl, heteroalkylene, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, aryl or carbocyclyl portion of R ¹ is optionally substituted;

[82] R ² is selected from C(R ^2a )(R ^2b )(R ^2c ), carbocyclyl, aryl, heterocyclyl and heteroaryl, 675 wherein any carbocyclyl, aryl, heterocyclyl and heteroaryl is optionally substituted;

[83] R ^2a is selected from hydrogen, halogen, -CN, Ci-C ₄ alkyl, Ci-C ₄ heteroalkyl and Ci-C ₄ haloalkyl, wherein any alkyl, heteroalkyl or haloalkyl is optionally substituted;

[84] each of R ^2b and R ^2c is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, -CN, Ci-C ₆ alkyl, Ci-C ₆ heteroalkyl, C(0)(Ci-C ₆ alkyl), C(0)(Ci-C ₆ heteroalkyl), C(0)0(Ci-C ₆ alkyl), C(0)0(Ci- 680 C ₆ heteroalkyl), C(0)N(R ^3a )(R ^3b ), (C ₀ -C ₆ alkylene)-carbocyclyl, (Ci-C ₆

heteroalkylene)-carbocyclyl, (Co-C ₆ alkylene)-heterocyclyl, (d-C ₆ heteroalkylene)-heterocyclyl, (Co-C ₆ alkylene)-aryl, (Ci-C ₆ heteroalkylene)-aryl, (Co-C ₆ alkylene) -heteroaryl and (Ci-C ₆ heteroalkylene)-heteroaryl, wherein any alkyl, alkylene, heteroalkyl, heteroalkylene, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl or heteroaryl portion of R ^2b and R ^2c is optionally and independently

685 substituted;

[85] each of R ^3a and R ^3b is independently selected from hydrogen, Ci-C ₆ alkyl, or Ci-C ₆ heteroalkyl, each of which is optionally substituted;

[86] each R ⁴ is independently selected from halogen, -CN, Q-Cg alkyl, Q-Cg heteroalkyl, N(R ^3a )(R ^3b ), C(0)(Ci-C ₆ alkyl), C(0)(d-C ₆ heteroalkyl), C(0)0(d-C ₆ alkyl), C(0)N(R ^3a )(R ^3b ),

690 (Co-C ₆ alkylene)-carbocyclyl, (Ci-C ₆ heteroalkylene)-carbocyclyl, (Co-C ₆ alkylene)-heterocyclyl, (Ci-C ₆ heteroalkylene)-heterocyclyl, (Co-C ₆ alkylene)-aryl, (Ci-C ₆ heteroalkylene)-aryl, (Co-C ₆ alkylene)-heteroaryl, and (d-C ₆ heteroalkylene)-heteroaryl, wherein any alkyl, alkylene, heteroalkyl, heteroalkylene, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl or heteroaryl portion of R ⁴ is optionally and independently substituted;

695 [87] R ^4a is selected from hydrogen and Ci-C ₆ alkyl;

[88] each of R ⁵ and R ⁶ is independently selected from hydrogen, Ci-C ₆ alkyl, Ci-C ₆ heteroalkyl, C(0)(d-C ₆ alkyl), C(0)0(d-C ₆ alkyl), (C ₀ -C ₆ alkylene)-carbocyclyl, (Ci-C ₆ heteroalkylene)-carbocyclyl, (Co-C ₆ alkylene)-heterocyclyl, (d-C ₆ heteroalkylene)-heterocyclyl, (Co-C ₆ alkylene)-aryl, (d-C ₆ heteroalkylene)-aryl, (Co-C ₆ alkylene)-heteroaryl, and (Ci-C ₆

700 heteroalkylene)-heteroaryl, wherein any alkyl, alkylene, heteroalkyl, heteroalkylene, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl or heteroaryl portion of each of R ⁵ and R ⁶ is optionally and independently substituted; or

[89] R ⁵ and R ⁶ are taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are commonly bound to form an optionally substituted heterocyclyl;

705 [90] R ¹² is hydrogen, Ci-C ₆ alkyl, Ci-C ₆ heteroalkyl, (C ₀ -C ₃ alkylene)-carbocyclyl, (C ₀ -C ₃ alkylene)-heterocyclyl;

[91] n is 0, 1 or 2;

[92] m is 0, 1 or 2;

[93] n+m = 1, 2 or 3; and

710 [94] p is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.

[95] In certain embodiments, one or two of X 1 , X2 , X 3 , and X 4 is each independently N and the others of X 1 ¹ , X2", 3 4

X ³ , and X" are each independently C(R). In certain embodiments, one of X ¹ , X ² , X ³ , and X ⁴ is each independently N or N(O) and the others of X ¹ , X ² , X ³ , and X ⁴ are independently C(R). In certain embodiments, one of X 1 , X2 , X 3 , and X 4 is each independently N 715 and the others of X ¹ , X ² , X ³ , and X ⁴ are independently C(R).

[96] In certain embodiments, X 1 is N or N(O), and each of X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 is independently

C(R). In certain embodiments, X 2 is N or N(O), and each of X 1 , X3 , and X 4 is independently

C(R). In certain embodiments, X 3 is N or N(O), and each of X 1 , X2 , and X 4 is independently

C(R). In certain embodiments, X 4 is N or N(O), and each of X 1 , X2 , and X 3 is independently

720 C(R). In certain embodiments, X 3 is N, and each of X 1 , X2 , and X 4 is independently C(R).

[97] In certain embodiments, R is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, Ci-C ₈ alkyl, Ci-C ₈ heteroalkyl, N(R ^3a )(R ^3b ), C(0)(Ci-C ₆ alkyl), and C(0)0(Ci-C ₆ alkyl), wherein any alkyl or heteroalkyl is optionally substituted. In certain embodiments, R is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, C C ₄ alkyl, C C ₄ heteroalkyl, N(R ^3a )(R ^3b ), C(0)(Ci-C ₄

725 alkyl), and C(0)0(Ci-C ₄ alkyl), wherein any alkyl or heteroalkyl is optionally substituted. In certain embodiments, R is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, optionally substituted Q-C ₄ alkyl, and C(0)0(Ci-C ₄ alkyl). In certain embodiments, R is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, optionally substituted methyl, and C(0)0(Ci-C ₂ alkyl). In certain embodiments, R is independently selected from hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, bromo, C(0)OCH ₃ ,

730 and methyl optionally substituted with halogen. In certain embodiments, R is independently selected from hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, bromo, methyl, CHF ₂ , and C(0)OCH ₃ . [98] In certain embodiments, each R is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen and optionally substituted methyl. In certain embodiments, R is independently selected from hydrogen, chloro, -CH ₃ and -CHF ₂ . In certain embodiments, R is hydrogen.

735 [99] In certain embodiments, Y is selected from O and S. In certain embodiments, Y is O. In certain embodiments, Y is S.

[100] In certain emnodiments, Y is N(R ^3a ), and R ^3a is hydrogen.

[101] In certain embodiments, Z is NCR ¹ ). In certain embodiments, Z is N(R ^X ), and R ¹ is selected from hydrogen, Ci-C ₆ alkyl, Ci-C ₆ heteroalkyl, (Co-C ₆ alkylene)-heterocyclyl, (Ci-C ₆

740 heteroalkylene)-heterocyclyl, CH ₂ C(0)OR ⁷ , CH ₂ C(O)N(R ¹⁰ )(R ⁿ ), and Ct^CI^NCR^XR ¹¹ ), wherein R ¹⁰ is hydrogen or methyl and R ¹¹ is selected from hydrogen, Ci-C ₄ alkyl, (Co-C ₂ alkylene)-carbocyclyl, (Co-C ₂ alkylene)-heterocyclyl, (C ₁ -C3 alkyl)-0-(Ci-C ₄ alkyl), and C(O)- 0-(Ci-C ₄ alkyl), or R ¹⁰ and R ¹¹ are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are commonly bound to form a 4-11 membered heterocyclyl, and any alkyl, alkylene, heteroalkyl,

745 heteroalkylene, carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl portion of R ¹ is optionally substituted.

[102] In certain embodiments, R ¹ is selected from hydrogen, Ci-C ₆ alkyl, Ci-C ₆ heteroalkyl, (Co-C ₆ alkylene)-heterocyclyl, (Ci-C ₆ heteroalkylene)-heterocyclyl, CH ₂ C(0)OR ,

CH ₂ C(O)N(R ¹⁰ )(R ^u ), and CH ₂ CH ₂ N(R ¹⁰ )(R ⁿ ), wherein R ¹⁰ is hydrogen or methyl and R ¹¹ is selected from hydrogen, Ci-C ₄ alkyl, (C ₀ -C ₂ alkylene)-carbocyclyl, (C ₀ -C ₂ alkylene)-

750 heterocyclyl, (C ₁ -C3 alkyl)-0-(Ci-C ₄ alkyl), and C(0)-0-(Ci-C ₄ alkyl), or R ¹⁰ and R ¹¹ are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are commonly bound to form a 4- 11 membered heterocyclyl, and any alkyl, alkylene, heteroalkyl, carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl portion of R ¹ is optionally substituted with up to three substituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxy, methyl, -NH ₂ , -NH(CH ₃ )-, -N(CH ₃ ) ₂ , -CH ₂ NH ₂ , -CH ₂ CH ₂ NH ₂ , and heteroaryl.

755 [103] In certain embodiments, R ¹ is selected from hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, oxetan-3- yl, morpholin-4-ylpropan-2-yl, l-methylpiperazin-4-ylcarbonylmethyl, 2-(pyridin-3- yl)ethylaminocarbonylmethyl, l-(lH-imidazol-4-yl)methylaminocarbonylmethyl, 3,4- dihydroisoquinolin-2(lH)-ylcarbonylmethyl, 4-(lH-tetrazol-5-yl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl, 4-(dimethylamino)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl, l-(4,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-(pyridine-3-

760 yl))methylaminocarbonylmethyl, 2-aminoethyl, 2-(l-methoxy)ethylaminocarbonylmethyl, 2- (morpholin-4-yl)ethyl, and 2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)ethyl.

[104] In certain embodiments, R ¹ is selected from hydrogen, Ci-C ₆ alkyl, and (Co-C ₆ alkylene)- heterocyclyl, and any alkyl, alkylene, or heterocyclyl portion of R is optionally substituted.

[105] In certain embodiments, R ¹ is selected from hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, (Co-C ₆ alkylene)-morpholin-4-yl, and CH ₂ CH ₂ N(R ¹⁰ )(R ^U ), wherein each of R ¹⁰ and R ¹¹ is

independently hydrogen or methyl.

[106] In certain embodiments, R ¹ is selected from hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, -

[107] In some embodiments, R is selected from hydrogen, isopropyl and ethyl. In some 770 embodiments, R ¹ is hydrogen. In some embodiments, R ¹ is isopropyl. In some embodiments, R ¹ is ethyl.

[108] In certain embodiments, Z is C(R ^4a )(N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ )). In certain embodiments, Z is

C(R ^4a )(N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ )), R ^4a is selected from hydrogen and Ci-C ₆ alkyl, R ⁵ is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted Ci-C ₆ alkyl, and R ⁶ is selected from hydrogen, Ci-C ₆ alkyl, C(0)(Ci-

775 C ₆ alkyl), C(0)0(Ci-C ₆ alkyl), (C ₀ -C ₆ alkylene)-heterocyclyl, (C ₀ -C ₆ alkylene)-heteroaryl, wherein any alkyl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl portion of R ^4a , R ⁵ or R ⁶ is optionally and independently substituted. In some embodiments, Z is C(R ^4a )(N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ )), R ^4a is selected from hydrogen and Ci-C ₆ alkyl, and R ⁵ and R ⁶ are taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are commonly bound to form an optionally substituted heterocyclyl.

780 [109] In certain embodiments, Z is C(R ^4a )(N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ )), R ^4a is hydrogen, R ⁵ is selected from hydrogen and Ci-C ₆ alkyl, and R ⁶ is selected from hydrogen, Ci-C ₆ alkyl, C(0)(Ci-C ₆ alkyl), C(0)0(Ci-C ₆ alkyl), (Co-C ₆ alkylene)-heterocyclyl, and (Co-C ₆ alkylene)-heteroaryl, wherein any alkyl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl portion of R ⁵ or R ⁶ is optionally and independently substituted.

785 [110] In certain embodiments, Z is C(R ^4a )(N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ )), R ^4a is hydrogen, R ⁵ is hydrogen or

methyl, and R ⁶ is selected from hydrogen, Ci-C ₆ alkyl, C(0)(Ci-C ₆ alkyl), (Co-C ₆ alkylene)- heterocyclyl, and (Co-C ₆ alkylene)-heteroaryl, wherein any alkyl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl portion of R ⁵ or R ⁶ is optionally and independently substituted.

[Ill] In certain embodiments, Z is C(R ^4a )(N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ )), R ^4a is hydrogen, R ⁵ is hydrogen or 790 methyl, and R ⁶ is selected from hydrogen, methyl, C(0)CH ₃ , piperidin-4-yl, piperidin-4- ylmethyl, pyridin-4-yl, pyridin-4-ylmethyl, l-tert-butoxycarbonylpiperidin-4-yl, and

tetrahydropyran-4-yl, each of which is optionally and independently substituted. [112] In certain embodiments, Z is C(R ^4a )(N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ )), R ^4a is hydrogen, and each of R ⁵ and R ⁶ is independently selected from hydrogen or Ci-C ₆ alkyl, wherein any alkyl portion of R ⁵ or R ⁶ is 795 optionally and independently substituted.

[113] In certain embodiments, Z is C(R ^4a )(N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ )), R ^4a is hydrogen, and each of R ⁵ and R ⁶ is independently hydrogen or methyl.

[114] In certain embodiments, Z is C(R ^4a )(N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ )), R ^4a is hydrogen, and each of R ⁵ and R ⁶ is independently hydrogen.

800 [115] In certain embodiments, R ² is selected from C(R ^2a )(R ^2b )(R ^2c ), carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, and heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted. In certain embodiments, R is selected from C(R ^2a )(R ^2b )(R ^2c ) and heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted.

[116] In certain embodiments, R ² is C(R ^2a )(R ^2b )(R ^2c ). In certain embodiments, R ² is

C(R ^2a )(R ^2b )(R ^2c ), R ^2a is selected from hydrogen, halogen, Ci-C ₆ alkyl, and Ci-C ₆ heteroalkyl, and

805 each of R ^2b and R ^2c is independently selected from hydrogen, Ci-C ₆ alkyl, Ci-C ₆ heteroalkyl, C(0)(Ci-C ₆ alkyl), C(0)(Ci-C ₆ heteroalkyl), C(0)0(Ci-C ₆ alkyl), C(0)N(R ^3a )(R ^3b ), (C ₀ -C ₆ alkylene)-carbocyclyl, (Ci-C ₆ heteroalkylene)-carbocyclyl, (Co-C ₆ alkylene)-heterocyclyl, (Ci-C ₆ heteroalkylene)-heterocyclyl, (Co-C ₆ alkylene)-aryl, (Ci-C ₆ heteroalkylene)-aryl, (Co-C ₆ alkylene)-heteroaryl, and (Ci-C ₆ heteroalkylene)-heteroaryl, wherein any alkyl, alkylene,

810 heteroalkyl, heteroalkylene, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl portion of R ^2a , R ^2b and R ^2c is optionally substituted.

[117] In certain embodiments, R ² is C(R ^2a )(R ^2b )(R ^2c ), R ^2a is hydrogen, and each of R ^2b and R ^2c is independently selected from hydrogen, Ci-C ₆ alkyl, Ci-C ₆ heteroalkyl, C(0)(Ci-C ₆ alkyl), C(0)(Ci-C ₆ heteroalkyl), C(0)0(Ci-C ₆ alkyl), C(0)N(R ^3a )(R ^3b ), (C ₀ -C ₆ alkylene)-carbocyclyl,

815 (Ci-C ₆ heteroalkylene)-carbocyclyl, (Co-C ₆ alkylene)-heterocyclyl, (Ci-C ₆

heteroalkylene)-heterocyclyl, (Co-C ₆ alkylene)-aryl, (Ci-C ₆ heteroalkylene)-aryl, (Co-C ₆ alkylene)-heteroaryl, and (Ci-C ₆ heteroalkylene)-heteroaryl, wherein any alkyl, alkylene, heteroalkyl, heteroalkylene, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl portion of R ^2b and R ^2c is optionally and independently substituted.

820 [118] In certain embodiments, R ² is C(R ^2a )(R ^2b )(R ^2c ), R ^2a is hydrogen, and each of R ^2b and R ^2c is independently selected from hydrogen, Ci-C ₆ alkyl, Ci-C ₆ heteroalkyl, C(0)(Ci-C ₆ alkyl), C(0)N(R ^3a )(R ^3b ), (Co-C ₆ alkylene)-carbocyclyl, (Ci-C ₆ heteroalkylene)-carbocyclyl, (C ₀ -C ₆ alkylene)-heterocyclyl, (Ci-C ₆ heteroalkylene)-heterocyclyl, (Co-C ₆ alkylene)-aryl, (Ci-C ₆ heteroalkylene)-aryl, (Co-C ₆ alkylene)-heteroaryl, and (Ci-C ₆ heteroalkylene)-heteroaryl,

825 wherein any alkyl, alkylene, heteroalkyl, heteroalkylene, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or

heteroaryl portion of R ^2b and R ^2c is optionally and independently substituted with halogen, hydroxy, Ci-C ₆ alkyl, Ci-C ₆ heteroalkyl, =0, 0-(Ci-C ₆ alkyl), heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted.

[119] In certain embodiments, R ² is C(R ^2a )(R ^2b )(R ^2c ), R ^2a is hydrogen, R ^2b is hydrogen or Ci-C ₆ 830 alkyl, and R ^2c is selected from hydrogen, Ci-C ₆ alkyl, Ci-C ₆ heteroalkyl, C(0)(Ci-C ₆ alkyl), C(0)N(R ^3a )(R ^3b ), (Co-C ₆ alkylene)-carbocyclyl, (Ci-C ₆ heteroalkylene)-carbocyclyl, (C ₀ -C ₆ alkylene)-heterocyclyl, (Ci-C ₆ heteroalkylene)-heterocyclyl, (Co-C ₆ alkylene)-aryl, (Ci-C ₆ heteroalkylene)-aryl, (Co-C ₆ alkylene)-heteroaryl, and (Ci-C ₆ heteroalkylene)-heteroaryl, wherein any alkyl, alkylene, heteroalkyl, heteroalkylene, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or

835 heteroaryl portion of R ^2b and R ^2c is optionally and independently substituted.

[120] In certain embodiments, R ² is C(R ^2a )(R ^2b )(R ^2c ), R ^2a is hydrogen, R ^2b is hydrogen or Ci-C ₆ alkyl, and R ^2c is selected from hydrogen, Ci-C ₆ alkyl, Ci-C ₆ heteroalkyl, C(0)(Ci-C6 alkyl), or C(0)N(R ^3a )(R ^3b ), wherein any alkyl or heteroalkyl portion of R ^2c is optionally substituted.

[121] In certain embodiments, R ² is C(R ^2a )(R ^2b )(R ^2c ), R ^2a is hydrogen, R ^2b is hydrogen, and R ^2c 840 is selected from hydrogen, Ci-C ₆ alkyl, Ci-C ₆ heteroalkyl, C(0)(Ci-C6 alkyl), or

^Q 3b 2fo 2c

C(0)N(R )(R ), wherein any alkyl or heteroalkyl portion of R and R is optionally and independently substituted with Ci_C ₆ alkyl.

[122] In certain embodiments, R ² is C(R ^2a )(R ^2b )(R ^2c ), and R ^2a is hydrogen, R ^2b is hydrogen, and R ^2c is selected from Ci-C ₆ alkyl, Ci-C ₆ heteroalkyl, (Ci-C ₆ heteroalkylene)-carbocyclyl, (Ci-C ₆

845 heteroalkylene)-heterocyclyl, (Ci-C ₆ heteroalkylene)-aryl, and (Ci-C ₆ heteroalkylene)-heteroaryl, any alkyl, alkylene, cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl portion of R ^2c is optionally substituted. In a more specific aspect of these embodiments, R ^2c is selected from Ci-C ₆ alkyl, - (CH ₂ )-N(R ¹³ )-Ci-C ₄ alkyl, -(CH ₂ )-N(R ¹³ )-Ci-C ₄ alkylene-O-alkyl, -(CH ₂ )-N(R ¹³ )-Ci-C ₄

alkylene-C(0)-0-alkyl, -(CH ₂ )-N(R ¹³ )-Ci-C ₄ alkylene-cycloalkyl, -(CH ₂ )-N(R ¹³ )-cycloalkyl, -

850 (CH ₂ ) ₂ -N-linked heterocyclyl, -(CH ₂ )-N(R ¹³ )-heterocyclyl, -(CH ₂ )-N(R ¹³ )-Ci-C ₄ alkylene- heterocyclyl, -CH ₂ -N-linked heterocyclyl, -(CH ₂ )-N(R ¹³ )-Ci-C ₄ alkylene-heteroaryl, and -(CH ₂ )-

13 13

N(R )-Ci-C ₄ alkylene-aryl, wherein R is hydrogen, Ci-C ₄ alkyl; and any alkyl, alkylene, cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl portion of R ^2c is optionally substituted. In certain embodiments, R ^2c is (CH ₂ )-N-linked heterocyclyl (e.g., (CH ₂ )-N-linked fused bicyclic 855 heterocyclyl, (CH ₂ )-N-linked spiro bicyclic heterocyclyl, or (CH ₂ )-N-linked bridged bicyclic heterocyclyl, each of which is optionally substituted). In certain embodiments, R ^2c is -(CH ₂ )-

N(R 13 )-C ₁ -C ₄ alkylene-cycloalkyl, wherein the cycloalkyl is selected from cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl, each of which is optionally substituted. In certain embodiments, R ^2c is -(CH ₂ )-N(R ¹³ )-Ci-C ₄ alkylene-heterocyclyl, wherein the heterocyclyl is

860 selected from pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, azetidinyl, azepanyl, tetrahydropyranyl, and oxazepanyl, each of which is optionally substituted. In certain embodiments, R ^2c is -(CH ₂ )-N(R ¹³ )-Ci-C ₄ alkylene-heteroaryl, wherein each heteroaryl is selected from pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, thiophenyl, oxadiazolyl, and pyridyl, each of which is optionally substituted.

865 [123] In certain embodiments, any alkyl, alkylene, cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl portion of R ^2c is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halo, hydroxy, oxo, -CN, -NH ₂ , -NH(Ci-C ₄ alkyl), -N(d-C ₄ alkyl) ₂ , -C C ₄ alkyl,-Ci-C ₄ hydroxyalkyl, -C(0)NH ₂ , -C(0)OH, -C(0)0-Ci-C ₄ alkyl, -C C ₄ alkyl-0-Ci-C ₄ alkyl, -0-C C ₄ alkyl, -O-C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, and halo-substituted phenyl.

870 [124] In certain embodiments, R ² is C(R ^2a )(R ^2b )(R ^2c ), and R ^2a is hydrogen, R ^2b is hydrogen or CH ₃ , and R ^2c is selected from hydrogen, CH ₂ NHCH(CH ₃ )CH ₂ CH ₃ ,

CH ₂ N(CH ₃ )CH(CH ₃ )CH ₂ CH ₃ , CH ₂ NHCH ₃ , CH ₂ NHCH ₂ CH ₂ OCH ₃ , CH ₂ N(CH ₃ ) ₂ ,

CH ₂ NH(CH ₂ ) ₃ (OCH ₂ CH ₂ ) ₃ CH ₂ NH ₂ , CH ₂ NHCH ₂ CH ₂ N(CH ₂ CH ₃ ) ₂ , CH ₂ NHC(CH ₃ ) ₃ ,

CH ₂ NHCH(CH ₃ ) ₂ , CH ₂ N(CH(CH ₃ )CH ₂ CH ₃ )C(0)OC(CH ₃ ) ₃ , C(0)NHCH(CF ₃ ) ₂ ,

875 CH ₂ SCH(CH ₃ )CH ₂ CH ₃ , CH ₂ S(0)CH(CH ₃ )CH ₂ CH ₃ , CH ₂ S(0) ₂ CH(CH ₃ )CH ₂ CH ₃ ,

C(0)N(CH ₂ CH ₂ OCH ₃ ) ₂ , CH ₂ CH ₂ NHC(CH ₃ )CH ₂ CH ₃ , CH ₂ OCH(CH ₃ )CH ₂ CH ₃ ,

CH ₂ CH(OH)CH(CH ₃ )CH ₂ CH ₃ , CH ₂ C(0)CH(CH ₃ )CH ₂ CH ₃ , C(0)NHCH(CF ₃ )CH ₂ CH ₃ , C(0)NHCH(CH ₃ )CH ₂ CH ₃ , C(CH ₃ ) ₂ NHCH(CH ₃ )CH ₂ CH ₃ , CH(CH ₃ ) NHCH(CH ₃ )CH ₂ CH ₃ , CH ₂ NHC(0)CH ₂ CH ₃ , and CH ₂ NHCH ₂ C(0)OCH ₂ CH ₃ .

880 [125] In certain embodiments, R ² is C(R ^2a )(R ^2b )(R ^2c ), and R ^2a is hydrogen, R ^2b is hydrogen or CH ₃ , and R ^2c is selected from hydrogen, CH ₂ NHCH(CH ₃ )CH ₂ CH ₃ ,

CH ₂ N(CH ₃ )CH(CH ₃ )CH ₂ CH ₃ , CH ₂ NHCH ₃ , CH ₂ NHCH ₂ CH ₂ OCH ₃ , CH ₂ N(CH ₃ ) ₂ ,

CH ₂ NH(CH ₂ ) ₃ (OCH ₂ CH ₂ ) ₃ CH ₂ NH ₂ , CH ₂ NHCH ₂ CH ₂ N(CH ₂ CH ₃ ) ₂ , CH ₂ NHC(CH ₃ ) ₃ ,

CH ₂ NHCH(CH ₃ ) ₂ , CH ₂ CH ₂ NHC(CH ₃ )CH ₂ CH ₃ , and CH ₂ OCH(CH ₃ )CH ₂ CH ₃ .

885 [126] In certain embodiments, R ² is C(R ^2a )(R ^2b )(R ^2c ), R ^2a is hydrogen, R ^2b is hydrogen, and R ^2c is selected from hydrogen, Ci-C ₆ alkyl, and Ci-C ₆ heteroalkyl, wherein any alkyl or heteroalkyl portion of R ^2b and R ^2c is optionally and independently substituted with Ci_C6 alkyl.

[127] In certain embodiments, R ² is C(R ^2a )(R ^2b )(R ^2c ), R ^2a is hydrogen, R ^2b is hydrogen, and R ^2c is selected from hydrogen and CH ₂ NHCH(CH ₃ )CH ₂ CH ₃ . In certain embodiments, R is

890 C(R ^2a )(R ^2b )(R ^2c ), and each of R ^2a , R ^2b , and R ^2c is independently hydrogen.

[128] In certain embodiments, R ² is C(R ^2a )(R ^2b )(R ^2c ), R ^2a is hydrogen, R ^2b is hydrogen or Ci-C ₆ alkyl, and R ^2c is selected from hydrogen, (Ci-C ₆ heteroalkylene)-carbocyclyl, (Ci-C ₆

heteroalkylene)-heterocyclyl, (Ci-C ₆ heteroalkylene)-aryl, and (Ci-C ₆ heteroalkylene)-heteroaryl, wherein any alkyl, heteroalkylene, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl portion of R ^2b

895 and R ^2c is optionally and independently substituted.

[129] In certain embodiments, R ² is C(R ^2a )(R ^2b )(R ^2c ), R ^2a is hydrogen, R ^2b is hydrogen or Ci-C ₆ alkyl, and R ^2c is selected from hydrogen, (Ci-C ₆ heteroalkylene)-carbocyclyl, (Ci-C ₆

heteroalkylene)-heterocyclyl, (Ci-C ₆ heteroalkylene)-aryl, and (Ci-C ₆ heteroalkylene)-heteroaryl, wherein any alkyl, heteroalkylene, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl portion of R ^2b

900 and R ^2c is optionally and independently substituted with halogen, hydroxy, Ci-C ₆ alkyl, Ci-C ₆ heteroalkyl, 0-(Ci-C ₆ alkyl), heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted.

[130] In certain embodiments, R ² is C(R ^2a )(R ^2b )(R ^2c ), R ^2a is hydrogen, R ^2b is hydrogen or CH ₃ , and R ^2c is selected from hydrogen, l-(pyridine-4-yl)ethyl-l-aminomethyl, 2,2-(pyridin-3- yl)ethylaminomethyl, 2-(l-(l-methyl-lH-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)aminomethyl, 1,2,3,4-

905 tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-methyl, pyridin-3-ylaminomethyl, 4-methylpiperazin- 1-ylmethyl,

morpholin-4-ylmethyl, 2-(2-chlorophenyl)ethylaminomethyl, 1-methylaniline, 4-(lH-tetrazol-5- yl)methylaniline, 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)aminomethyl, 2-(3-methoxyphenyl)aminomethyl, 2-(3- fluorophenyl)aminomethyl, 1-phenylmethylaminomethyl, 4,6-dimethyl-3-(pyridine-2(lH)- onyl)methylaminomethyl, lH-pyrrol-2,5-dionyl-aminomethyl, 2-(pyridine-3-

910 yl)ethylaminomethyl, l-(sec-butyl)piperidin-4-ylmethyl, l-(sec-butyl)piperidin-3-ylmethyl, 1- (sec-butyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl, cyclohexylaminomethyl, tetrahydro-2H-pyran- 4ylaminomethyl, tetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-4ylaminomethyl, and 4-tetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-l,l- dioxoaminomethyl.

[131] In certain embodiments, R ² is C(R ^2a )(R ^2b )(R ^2c ), R ^2a is hydrogen, R ^2b is hydrogen, and R ^2c 915 is selected from hydrogen, (Ci-C ₆ heteroalkylene)-carbocyclyl, (Ci-C ₆

heteroalkylene)-heterocyclyl, (Ci-C ₆ heteroalkylene)-aryl, and (Ci-C ₆ heteroalkylene)-heteroaryl, wherein any alkyl, heteroalkylene, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl portion of R and R ^2c is optionally and independently substituted with halogen, hydroxy, Ci-C ₆ alkyl, Ci-C ₆ heteroalkyl, 0-(Ci-C ₆ alkyl), heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted.

920 [132] In certain embodiments, each R ⁴ is independently selected from halogen, Ci-C ₈ alkyl, Q- C ₈ heteroalkyl, N(R ^3a )(R ^3b ), C(0)(Ci-C ₆ alkyl), C(0)0(Ci-C ₆ alkyl), C(0)N(R ^3a )(R ^3b ), (C ₀ -C ₆ alkylene)-carbocyclyl, (Ci-C ₆ heteroalkylene)-carbocyclyl, (Co-C ₆ alkylene)-heterocyclyl, (Ci-C ₆ heteroalkylene)-heterocyclyl, (Co-C ₆ alkylene)-aryl, and (Co-C ₆ alkylene)-heteroaryl, wherein any alkyl, alkylene, heteroalkyl, heteroalkylene, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl or heteroaryl

925 portion of each R ⁴ is optionally and independently substituted.

[133] In certain embodiments, each R ⁴ is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, Ci- C ₈ alkyl, C C ₈ heteroalkyl, N(R ^3a )(R ^3b ), (C ₀ -C ₆ alkylene)-heterocyclyl, and (C ₀ -C ₆

alkylene)-heteroaryl, wherein any alkyl, alkylene, heteroalkyl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl portion of each R ⁴ is optionally and independently substituted.

930 [134] In certain embodiments, each R ⁴ is independently selected from halogen, Ci-C ₄ alkyl, Ci-C ₄ heteroalkyl, N(R ^3a )(R ^3b ), and (C ₀ -C ₄ alkylene)-heteroaryl, wherein each of R ^3a and R ^3b is independently selected from hydrogen and C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl, and any alkyl, alkylene, heteroalkyl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl portion of each R ⁴ is optionally and independently substituted.

[135] In certain embodiments, each R ⁴ is independently selected from halogen, N(R ^3a )(R ^3b ), Ci-

935 C ₈ alkyl and Ci-C ₈ heteroalkyl, wherein any alkyl or heteroalkyl portion of R ⁴ is optionally

substituted. In certain embodiments, each R ⁴ is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, C1-C4 alkyl, NH(Ci-C ₄ alkyl), and N(Ci-C ₄ alkyl) ₂ .

[136] In certain embodiments, each R ⁴ is independently selected from optionally substituted C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl. In certain embodiments, each R ⁴ is independently selected from methyl, ethyl, 940 isopropyl, CHF ₂ , and CF ₃ . In certain embodiments, each R ⁴ is methyl.

[137] In certain embodiments, at least one R ⁴ is N(R ^3a )(R ^3b ), and each of R ^3a and R ^3b is independently hydrogen or methyl. In some embodiments, at least one R ⁴ is NH ₂ , NH(CH ₃ ), or N(CH ₃ ) ₂ .

[138] In certain embodiments, at least one R ⁴ is halogen. In certain embodiments, at least one 945 R ⁴ is fluoro, chloro, bromo, or iodo.

[139] In certain embodiments, R ^4a is hydrogen.

[140] In certain embodiments, R 12 is selected from hydrogen or Ci-C ₆ alkyl. In certain embodiments, R is hydrogen or methyl. In certain embodiments, R is hydrogen.

[141] In certain embodiments, p is 0, 1, 2, or 3. In certain embodiments, p is 0, 1, or 2. In

950 certain embodiments, p is 0. In certain embodiments, p is 1. In certain embodiments, p is 2.

[142] In certain embodiments, when p is 1 or 2, each R ⁴ is independently selected from halogen, Ci-C ₈ alkyl, Ci-C ₈ heteroalkyl, or N(R ^3a )(R ^3b ), wherein each of R ^3a and R ^3b is independently hydrogen or Ci-C ₄ alkyl and any alkyl or heteroalkyl portion of R ⁴ is optionally substituted. In certain embodiments, when p is 1 or 2, each R ⁴ is independently halogen or

955 optionally substituted Ci-C ₈ alkyl. In certain embodiments, when p is 1 or 2, each R ⁴ is

independently halogen or optionally substituted Ci-C ₄ alkyl. In certain embodiments, when p is 1 or 2, each R ⁴ is independently fluoro, methyl, ethyl, or CF ₃ . In certain embodiments, when p is 1 or 2, each R ⁴ is independently fluoro, methyl, or CF ₃ . In certain embodiments, when p is 1 or 2, each R ⁴ is methyl.

960 [143] In certain embodiments, when p is 1 or 2, each R ⁴ is independently N(R ^3a )(R ^3b ) and each of R ^3a and R ^3b is independently hydrogen or Ci-C ₄ alkyl.

[144] In certain embodiments, when p is 1 or 2, each R ⁴ is independently fluoro, chloro, bromo, or iodo.

[145] In certain embodiments, n is 0 or 1. In certain embodiments, n is 0. In certain

965 embodiments, n is 1. In certain embodiments, n is 2.

[146] In certain embodiments, m is 0. In certain embodiments, m is 1.

[147] In certain embodiments, m is 1 and n is 0, 1, or 2. In certain embodiments, m is 1 and n is 0 or 1. In certain embodiments, m is 1 and n is 1 or 2. In certain embodiments, m is 1 and n is 1. In certain embodiments, m is 1 and n is 0. In certain embodiments, m is 1 and n is 1. In 970 certain embodiments, m is 1 and n is 2.

[148] In certain embodiments, a compound of Formula (I) is isotopically labelled. In certain embodiments, a hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, or oxygen atom of a compound of Formula (I) is isotopically labeled. In certain embodiments, a nitrogen atom of a compound of Formula (I) is 1 ⁵ N.

975 [149] In certain embodiments, a compound of Formula (I) has the structure of Formula (la): (la), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate,

tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein:

[150] each of X 1 , X2 , X 3 and X 4 is independently selected from C(R), N and N(O), wherein one of X ¹ , X ² , X ³ and X ⁴ is N or N(O);

980 [151] each R is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, Ci-C ₈ alkyl, N(R ^3a )(R ^3b ),

C(0)(Ci-C ₆ alkyl), and C(0)0(Ci-C ₆ alkyl), wherein each alkyl portion of R is independently and optionally substituted;

[152] Y is selected from O and S;

[153] Z is selected from C(R ^4a )(N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ )) and N(R );

985 [154] R ¹ is selected from hydrogen, Ci-C ₆ alkyl and (Co-C ₆ alkylene)-heterocyclyl,wherein each alkyl or alkylene portion of R ¹ is optionally substituted;

[155] R ² is selected from C(R ^2a )(R ^2b )(R ^2c ), wherein:

[156] R ^2a is hydrogen;

[157] each of R ^2b and R ^2c is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, Ci-C ₆ alkyl, Ci-C ₆ 990 heteroalkyl, (Co-C ₆ alkylene)-heterocyclyl, (Ci-C ₆ heteroalkylene)-heterocyclyl, (Co-C ₆

alkylene)-aryl, (Ci-C ₆ heteroalkylene)-aryl, (Co-C ₆ alkylene)-heteroaryl, and (Ci-C ₆

heteroalkylene)-heteroaryl, wherein any alkyl, alkylene, heteroalkyl, heteroalkylene,

heterocyclyl, aryl or heteroaryl portion of R ^2b and R ^2c is optionally and independently substituted;

995 [158] each of R ^3a and R ^3b is independently selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted C1-C4 alkyl;

[159] each R ⁴ is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, Ci-C ₈ alkyl, Ci-C ₈ heteroalkyl, N(R ^3a )(R ^3b ), wherein any alkyl or heteroalkyl portion of R ⁴ is optionally and independently substituted;

1000 [160] R ^4a is selected from hydrogen and Ci-C ₆ alkyl;

[161] each of R ⁵ and R ⁶ is independently selected from hydrogen, Ci-C ₆ alkyl, C(0)(Ci-C ₆ alkyl), (Co-C ₆ alkylene)-heterocyclyl and (Co-C ₆ alkylene)-heteroaryl, wherein any alkyl or e of each of R ⁵ and R ⁶ is optionally and independently substituted;

[162] R 12 is hydrogen or Ci-C ₆ alkyl;

1005 [163] n is 0, 1, or 2;

[164] m is 0 or 1 ;

[165] n+m = 1, 2 or 3; and

[166] p is 0, 1, 2, or 3.

1010 nts, a compound of Formula (la) has the structure of Formula (lb):

(lb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein each of X ¹ , X ² , X ³ , X ⁴ , R, Z, R ¹ , R ² , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ^2c , R ^3a , R ^3b , R ⁴ , R ^4a , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ¹² , n, m, and p are defined as for Formula (la).

1015 nts, a compound of Formula (lb) has the structure of Formula (Ic):

(Ic), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein each of X ¹ , X ² , X ³ , X ⁴ , R, Z, R ¹ , R ² , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ^2c , R ^3a , R ^3b , R ⁴ , R ^4a , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , n, m, and p are defined as for Formula (lb).

1020 [169] In certain embodiments, a compound of Formula (Ic) has the structure of Formula (Id): (Id), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, tautomer, stereoisomer thereof, wherein each of X ¹ , X ² , R, Z, R ¹ , R ² , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ^2c , R ^3a , R ^3b , R ⁴ , R ^4a , R ⁵ , , n, m, and p are defined as for Formula (Ic). nts, a compound of Formula (Id) has the structure of Formula (Ie):

e), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein each of X ¹ , R, Z, R ¹ , R ² , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ^2c , R ^3a , R ^3b , R ⁴ , R ^4a , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , n, m, and p are defined as for Formula (Id).

1030 , a compound of Formula (Ie) has the structure of Formula (Ie-1):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein each of X ¹ , R, Z, R ¹ , R ² , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ^2c , R ^3a , R ^3b , R ⁴ , R ^4a , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , and p are defined as for Formula (Ie).

1035 [172] In certain embodiments, a compound of Formula (Ie-1) has the structure of Formula (Ie- 2): (Ie-2), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein each of R, Z, R ¹ , R ² , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ^2c , R ^3a , R ^3b , R ⁴ , R ^4a , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , and p are defined as for Formula (Ie-1).

1040

[173] In certain embodiments, the compound of Formula (Ie-2) is the compound:

nts, a compound of Formula (Ic) has the structure of Formula (If):

(If), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein each of X ³ , X ⁴ , R, Z, R ¹ , R ² , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ^2c , R ^3a , R ^3b , R ⁴ , R ^4a , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , n, m, and p are defined as for Formula (Ic). nts, a compound of Formula (If) has the structure of Formula (Ig):

1050 (Ig), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein each of X ³ , R, Z, R ¹ , R ² , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ^2c , R ^3a , R ^3b , R ⁴ , R ^4a , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , n, m, and p are defined as for Formula (If).

[ , a compound of Formula (Ig) has the structure of Formula (Ig-1):

1055 1), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate,

tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein each of X ³ , R, Z, R ¹ , R ² , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ^2c , R ^3a , R ^3b , R ⁴ , R ^4a , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , and p are defined as for Formula (Ig).

[177] In certain embodiments, a compound of Formula (Ig-1) has the structure of Formula (Ig- 1060 2):

(Ig-2), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein each of X ³ , R, R ¹ , R ² , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ^2c , R ^3a , R ^3b , R ⁴ , n, m, and p are defined as for Formula (Ig-1).

1065 [178] In certain embodiments, a compound of Formula (Ig-2) has the structure of Formula (Ig- 3): (Ig-3), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein each of R ¹ , R ² , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ^2c , R ^3a , R ^3b , R ⁴ , n, m, and p are defined as for Formula (Ig-2).

[179] In certain embodiments, the compound of Formula (Ig-3) is the compound:

nts, a compound of Formula (Ig) has the structure of Formula (Ih):

h), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein each of X ³ , R, Z, R ¹ , R ² , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ^2c , R ^3a , R ^3b , R ⁴ , R ^4a , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , and p are defined as for Formula (Ig).

[181] In certain embodiments, a compound of Formula (Ih) has the structure of Formula (Ih-1): 1080 (Ih-1), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof, wwhh(erein each of X ³ , R, R ² , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ^2c , R ^3a , R ^3b , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , and p are defined as for Formula (Ih).

[182] In certain embodiments, a compound of Formula (Ih-1) has the structure of Formula (Ih- 1085

(Ih-2), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereo >ff,, wherein each of R ² , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ^2c , R ^3a , R ^3b , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , and p are defined as for Formula (Ih-1).

1090 [183] In certain embodiments, the compound of Formula (Ih-2) is the compound:

[184] In certain embodiments, a compound of Formula (Ih) has the structure of Formula (Ii): (Ii), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate,

1095 tautomer, or stereoisomer ther reeoof, wherein each of X ³ , R, R ¹ , R ² , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ^2c , R ^3a , R ^3b , R ⁴ , and p are defined as for Formula (Ih).

[185] In certain embodiments, a compound of Formula (Ii) has the structure of Formula (Ii-l):

(Ii-l), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, 1100 tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein each of R ¹ , R ² , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ^2c , R ^3a , R ^3b , R ⁴ , and p are defined as for Formula (Ii).

[186] In certain embodiments, the compound of Formula (Ii-l) is the compound:

1105

a compound of Formula (Ii) has the structure of Formula (Ij):

, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein each of R, R ¹ , R ² , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ^2c , R ^3a , R ^3b , R ⁴ , and p are defined as for Formula (Ii).

1110

188] In certain embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) has the structure of Formula (II):

(II), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

R ^la is selected from hydrogen and C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl;

each R ^4b , if present, is C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl;

1115 R ^13a is selected from hydrogen and C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl;

R ¹⁷ and R ¹⁴ are independently selected from hydrogen, halo, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl and C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ¹⁵ is selected from hydrogen, C ₁ -C3 alkyl, and -CH ₂ -N(R ^13a )(R ¹⁶ );

R ¹⁶ is selected from Ci-C ₆ alkyl, Ci-C ₆ heteroalkyl, -(Co-C ₂ alkylene)-heterocyclyl, -(Co- 1120 C ₂ alkylene)-C ₃ -C6 cycloalkyl, or (Ci-C ₂ alkylene)-heteroaryl, wherein any heteroalkyl, alkylene, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl portion of R ^lla is optionally substituted; or

RR ^1133aa aanndd RR ¹¹⁶⁶ ; are taken together to form an optionally substituted heterocyclyl; and p is 0, 1 or 2.

[189] In some embodiments of Formula II, R ^la is selected from hydrogen, ethyl and isopropyl. 1125 [190] In some embodiments, of Formula II, each R ^4b , if present, is -CH ₃ .

[191] In some embodiments, of Formula II, R ^13a is selected from hydrogen and -CH ₃ .

[192] In some embodiments, of Formula II, R 17 is selected from hydrogen, chloro, and -CH ₃ .

[193] In some embodiments, of Formula II, R ¹⁴ is selected from hydrogen, -CH ₃ and -CHF ₂ .

[194] In some embodiments, of Formula II, R ¹⁵ is selected from hydrogen, NHR ¹⁶ , and

1130 N(CH ₃ )R ¹⁶ .

[195] In some embodiments, of Formula II, R ¹⁶ is selected from -heterocyclyl, -CH ₂ - heterocyclyl, -(CH ₂ ) ₂ -heterocyclyl, -CH ₂ -heteroaryl, -CH(CH ₃ )-heteroaryl, -(CH ₂ ) ₂ -heteroaryl, - CH(CH ₃ )-CH ₂ -heteroaryl, -CH ₃ , -CH ₂ CH ₃ , -CH(CH ₃ )CH ₂ CH ₃ , -CH ₂ CH ₂ -0-CH ₃ , -(CH ₂ ) ₃ - C(0)OCH ₃ , -CH(CH ₂ OH)CH ₂ CH(CH ₃ ) ₂ , -CH(CH(CH ₃ ) ₂ )CH ₂ OCH ₃ , -(C3-C5 cycloalkyl), -CH ₂ -

1135 (C ₃ -C ₅ cycloalkyl), and -CH(CH ₃ )-(C ₃ -C ₅ cycloalkyl), or wherein R ¹⁶ is taken together with R ^13a and the nitrogen atom to which they are bound to form a N-linked heterocyclyl, wherein each heterocyclyl, heteroaryl and cycloalkyl portion of R ¹⁶ or the N-linked heterocyclyl formed when R ¹⁶ is taken together with R ^13a is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from oxo, hydroxy, -CH ₃ , -CH ₂ OCH ₃ , -OCH ₃ , -NH ₂ , -N(CH ₃ ) ₂ , -

1140 C(0)OH, and -O-cycloalkyl.

[196] Although, as indicated above, various embodiments and aspects thereof for a variable in Formula (I), e.g., Fomulas (la), (lb), (Ic), (Id), (Ie), (Ie-1), (Ie-2), (If), (Ig), (Ig-1), (Ig-2), (Ig- 3), (Ih), (Ih-1), (Ih-2), (Ii), (Ii-1), (Ij), or (II) may be selected from a group of chemical moieties, the invention also encompasses as further embodiments and aspects thereof situations

1145 where such variable is: a) selected from any subset of chemical moieties in such a group; and b) any single member of such a group.

[197] Although various embodiments and aspects thereof are set forth (or implied, as discussed in the preceding paragraph) individually for each variable in Formula (I) above, e.g., Fomulas (la), (lb), (Ic), (Id), (Ie), (Ie-1), (Ie-2), (If), (Ig), (Ig-1), (Ig-2), (Ig-3), (Ih), (Ih-1), (Ih-2), (Ii), 1150 (Ii-1), (Ij), or (II) the invention encompasses all possible combinations of the different

embodiments and aspects for each of the variables in Formula (I), e.g., Fomulas (la), (lb), (Ic), (Id), (Ie), (Ie-1), (Ie-2), (If), (Ig), (Ig-1), (Ig-2), (Ig-3), (Ih), (Ih-1), (Ih-2), (Ii), (Ii-1), (Ij) or (II).

[198] In certain embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) is selected from the group

1155 consisting of any one of the compounds in Table 1 and pharmaceutically acceptable salts,

solvates, hydrates, tautomers, stereoisomers, and isotopically labeled derivatives thereof.

[199] Table 1 : Exemplary Compounds and NMR/LCMS Data

Pharmaceutical Compositions, Kits, and Administration

1160 [200] The present invention provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of Formula (I), e.g., Fomulas (la), (lb), (Ic), (Id), (Ie), (Ie-1), (Ie-2), (If), (Ig), (Ig-1), (Ig-2), (Ig- 3), (Ih), (Ih-1), (Ih-2), (Ii), (Ii-1), (Ij), or (II) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, tautomer, stereoisomer, or isotopically labeled derivative thereof, as described herein, and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. In certain embodiments, the

1165 pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises a compound Formula (I), e.g., Fomulas (la), (lb), (Ic), (Id), (Ie), (Ie-1), (Ie-2), (If), (Ig), (Ig-1), (Ig-2), (Ig-3), (Ih), (Ih-1), (Ih-2), (Ii), (Ii-1), (Ij), or (II) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and optionally a

pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. In certain embodiments, the compound of Formula (I), e.g., Fomulas (la), (lb), (Ic), (Id), (Ie), (Ie-1), (Ie-2), (If), (Ig), (Ig-1), (Ig-2), (Ig-3), (Ih), (Ih-1),

1170 (Ih-2), (Ii), (Ii-1), (Ij), or (II) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, tautomer, stereoisomer, or isotopically labeled derivative thereof, is provided in an effective amount in the pharmaceutical composition. In certain embodiments, the effective amount is a therapeutically effective amount. In certain embodiments, the effective amount is a prophylactically effective amount.

1175 [201] Pharmaceutical compositions described herein can be prepared by any method known in the art of pharmacology. In general, such preparatory methods include the steps of bringing the compound of Formula (I), e.g., a compound of Fomulas (la), (lb), (Ic), (Id), (Ie), (Ie-1), (Ie-2), (If), (Ig), (Ig-1), (Ig-2), (Ig-3), (Ih), (Ih-1), (Ih-2), (Ii), (Ii-1), (Ij), or (II) (the "active ingredient") into association with a carrier and/or one or more other accessory ingredients, and

1180 then, if necessary and/or desirable, shaping and/or packaging the product into a desired single- or multi-dose unit.

[202] Pharmaceutical compositions can be prepared, packaged, and/or sold in bulk, as a single unit dose, and/or as a plurality of single unit doses. As used herein, a "unit dose" is a discrete amount of the pharmaceutical composition comprising a predetermined amount of the active 1185 ingredient. The amount of the active ingredient is generally equal to the dosage of the active ingredient which would be administered to a subject and/or a convenient fraction of such a dosage such as, for example, one-half or one-third of such a dosage.

[203] Relative amounts of the active ingredient, the pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, and/or any additional ingredients in a pharmaceutical composition of the invention will vary,

1190 depending upon the identity, size, and/or condition of the subject treated and further depending upon the route by which the composition is to be administered. By way of example, the composition may comprise between about 0.1% and about 100% (w/w) active ingredient.

[204] The term "pharmaceutically acceptable excipient" refers to a non-toxic carrier, adjuvant, diluent, or vehicle that does not destroy the pharmacological activity of the compound with

1195 which it is formulated. Pharmaceutically acceptable excipients useful in the manufacture of the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention are any of those that are well known in the art of pharmaceutical formulation and include inert diluents, dispersing and/or granulating agents, surface active agents and/or emulsifiers, disintegrating agents, binding agents, preservatives, buffering agents, lubricating agents, and/or oils. Pharmaceutically acceptable excipients useful in

1200 the manufacture of the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention include, but are not limited to, ion exchangers, alumina, aluminum stearate, lecithin, serum proteins, such as human serum albumin, buffer substances such as phosphates, glycine, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, partial glyceride mixtures of saturated vegetable fatty acids, water, salts or electrolytes, such as

protamine sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium

1205 chloride, zinc salts, colloidal silica, magnesium trisilicate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cellulose-based substances, polyethylene glycol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyacrylates, waxes, polyethylene-polyoxypropylene-block polymers, polyethylene glycol and wool fat.

[205] Compositions of the present invention may be administered orally, parenterally

(including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous and intradermal), by inhalation spray,

1210 topically, rectally, nasally, buccally, vaginally or via an implanted reservoir. In some

embodiments, provided compounds or compositions are administrable intravenously and/or orally.

[206] The term "parenteral" as used herein includes subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, intraocular, intravitreal, intra-articular, intra-synovial, intrasternal, intrathecal, intrahepatic,

1215 intraperitoneal intralesional and intracranial injection or infusion techniques. Preferably, the compositions are administered orally, subcutaneously, intraperitoneally or intravenously. Sterile injectable forms of the compositions of this invention may be aqueous or oleaginous suspension. These suspensions may be formulated according to techniques known in the art using suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents. The sterile injectable preparation may also

1220 be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent, for example as a solution in 1,3-butanediol. Among the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution. In addition, sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium.

[207] Pharmaceutically acceptable compositions of this invention may be orally administered in

1225 any orally acceptable dosage form including, but not limited to, capsules, tablets, aqueous

suspensions or solutions. In the case of tablets for oral use, carriers commonly used include lactose and corn starch. Lubricating agents, such as magnesium stearate, are also typically added. For oral administration in a capsule form, useful diluents include lactose and dried cornstarch. When aqueous suspensions are required for oral use, the active ingredient is

1230 combined with emulsifying and suspending agents. If desired, certain sweetening, flavoring or coloring agents may also be added. In some embodiments, a provided oral formulation is formulated for immediate release or sustained/delayed release. In some embodiments, the composition is suitable for buccal or sublingual administration, including tablets, lozenges and pastilles. A provided compound can also be in micro-encapsulated form.

1235 [208] Alternatively, pharmaceutically acceptable compositions of this invention may be

administered in the form of suppositories for rectal administration. Pharmaceutically acceptable compositions of this invention may also be administered topically, especially when the target of treatment includes areas or organs readily accessible by topical application, including diseases of the eye, the skin, or the lower intestinal tract. Suitable topical formulations are readily prepared

1240 for each of these areas or organs.

[209] Topical application for the lower intestinal tract can be effected in a rectal suppository formulation (see above) or in a suitable enema formulation. Topically-transdermal patches may also be used.

[210] For ophthalmic use, provided pharmaceutically acceptable compositions may be

1245 formulated as micronized suspensions or in an ointment such as petrolatum.

[211] Pharmaceutically acceptable compositions of this invention may also be administered by nasal aerosol or inhalation.

[212] In order to prolong the effect of a drug, it is often desirable to slow the absorption of the drug from subcutaneous or intramuscular injection. This can be accomplished by the use of a

1250 liquid suspension of crystalline or amorphous material with poor water solubility. The rate of absorption of the drug then depends upon its rate of dissolution which, in turn, may depend upon crystal size and crystalline form. Alternatively, delayed absorption of a parenterally administered drug form is accomplished by dissolving or suspending the drug in an oil vehicle.

[213] Although the descriptions of pharmaceutical compositions provided herein are principally

1255 directed to pharmaceutical compositions which are suitable for administration to humans, it will be understood by the skilled artisan that such compositions are generally suitable for

administration to animals of all sorts. Modification of pharmaceutical compositions suitable for administration to humans in order to render the compositions suitable for administration to various animals is well understood, and the ordinarily skilled veterinary pharmacologist can

1260 design and/or perform such modification with ordinary experimentation.

[214] Compounds provided herein are typically formulated in dosage unit form, e.g., single unit dosage form, for ease of administration and uniformity of dosage. It will be understood, however, that the total daily usage of the compositions of the present invention will be decided by the attending physician within the scope of sound medical judgment. The specific

1265 therapeutically effective dose level for any particular subject or organism will depend upon a variety of factors including the disease being treated and the severity of the disorder; the activity of the specific active ingredient employed; the specific composition employed; the age, body weight, general health, sex and diet of the subject; the time of administration, route of administration, and rate of excretion of the specific active ingredient employed; the duration of 1270 the treatment; drugs used in combination or coincidental with the specific active ingredient

employed; and like factors well known in the medical arts.

[215] The exact amount of a compound required to achieve an effective amount will vary from subject to subject, depending, for example, on species, age, and general condition of a subject, severity of the side effects or disorder, identity of the particular compound(s), mode of

1275 administration, and the like. The desired dosage can be delivered three times a day, two times a day, once a day, every other day, every third day, every week, every two weeks, every three weeks, or every four weeks. In certain embodiments, the desired dosage can be delivered using multiple administrations (e.g. , two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, or more administrations).

1280 [216] In certain embodiments, an effective amount of a compound for administration one or more times a day to a 70 kg adult human may comprise about 0.0001 mg to about 3000 mg, about 0.0001 mg to about 2000 mg, about 0.0001 mg to about 1000 mg, about 0.001 mg to about 1000 mg, about 0.01 mg to about 1000 mg, about 0.1 mg to about 1000 mg, about 1 mg to about 1000 mg, about 1 mg to about 100 mg, about 10 mg to about 1000 mg, or about 100 mg to about

1285 1000 mg, of a compound per unit dosage form.

[217] In certain embodiments, the compounds of Formula (I), e.g., Fomulas (la), (lb), (Ic), (Id), (Ie), (Ie-1), (Ie-2), (If), (Ig), (Ig-1), (Ig-2), (Ig-3), (Ih), (Ih-1), (Ih-2), (Ii), (Ii-1), (Ij), or (II) may be at dosage levels sufficient to deliver from about 0.001 mg/kg to about 100 mg/kg, from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 50 mg/kg, preferably from about 0.1 mg/kg to about 40 mg/kg,

1290 preferably from about 0.5 mg/kg to about 30 mg/kg, from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 10 mg/kg, from about 0.1 mg/kg to about 10 mg/kg, and more preferably from about 1 mg/kg to about 25 mg/kg, of subject body weight per day, one or more times a day, to obtain the desired therapeutic effect.

[218] It will be appreciated that dose ranges as described herein provide guidance for the 1295 administration of provided pharmaceutical compositions to an adult. The amount to be

administered to, for example, a child or an adolescent can be determined by a medical practitioner or person skilled in the art and can be lower or the same as that administered to an adult.

[219] It will be also appreciated that a compound or composition, as described herein, can be 1300 administered in combination with one or more additional pharmaceutical agents. The compounds or compositions can be administered in combination with additional pharmaceutical agents that improve their bioavailability, reduce and/or modify their metabolism, inhibit their excretion, and/or modify their distribution within the body. It will also be appreciated that the therapy employed may achieve a desired effect for the same disorder, and/or it may achieve different 1305 effects.

[220] The compound or composition can be administered concurrently with, prior to, or subsequent to, one or more additional pharmaceutical agents, which may be useful as, e.g. , combination therapies. Pharmaceutical agents include therapeutically active agents.

Pharmaceutical agents also include prophylactically active agents. Each additional

1310 pharmaceutical agent may be administered at a dose and/or on a time schedule determined for that pharmaceutical agent. The additional pharmaceutical agents may also be administered together with each other and/or with the compound or composition described herein in a single dose or administered separately in different doses. The particular combination to employ in a regimen will take into account compatibility of the inventive compound with the additional

1315 pharmaceutical agents and/or the desired therapeutic and/or prophylactic effect to be achieved. In general, it is expected that the additional pharmaceutical agents utilized in combination be utilized at levels that do not exceed the levels at which they are utilized individually. In some embodiments, the levels utilized in combination will be lower than those utilized individually.

[221] Exemplary additional pharmaceutical agents include, but are not limited to,

1320 anti-proliferative agents, anti-cancer agents, anti-diabetic agents, anti-inflammatory agents, immunosuppressant agents, and a pain-relieving agent. Pharmaceutical agents include small organic molecules such as drug compounds (e.g. , compounds approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as provided in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)), peptides, proteins, carbohydrates, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, nucleoproteins,

1325 mucoproteins, lipoproteins, synthetic polypeptides or proteins, small molecules linked to proteins, glycoproteins, steroids, nucleic acids, DNAs, RNAs, nucleotides, nucleosides,

oligonucleotides, antisense oligonucleotides, lipids, hormones, vitamins, and cells.

[222] Also encompassed by the invention are kits (e.g. , pharmaceutical packs). The inventive kits may be useful for preventing and/or treating a proliferative disease (e.g. , cancer (e.g. ,

1330 leukemia, melanoma, multiple myeloma), benign neoplasm, angiogenesis, inflammatory disease, autoinflammatory disease, or autoimmune disease). The kits provided may comprise an inventive pharmaceutical composition or compound and a container (e.g. , a vial, ampule, bottle, syringe, and/or dispenser package, or other suitable container). In some embodiments, provided kits may optionally further include a second container comprising a pharmaceutical excipient for dilution

1335 or suspension of an inventive pharmaceutical composition or compound. In some embodiments, the inventive pharmaceutical composition or compound provided in the container and the second container are combined to form one unit dosage form.

[223] Thus, in one aspect, provided are kits including a first container comprising a compound described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, tautomer, stereoisomer,

1340 and isotopically labeled derivative, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof. In certain

embodiments, the kit of the invention includes a first container comprising a compound described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof. In certain embodiments, the kits are useful in preventing and/or treating a proliferative disease in a subject. In certain embodiments, the kits further include instructions for

1345 administering the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically and labeled derivative thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof, to a subject to prevent and/or treat a proliferative disease.

Methods of Treatment and Uses

[224] The present invention also provides methods for the treatment or prevention of a

1350 proliferative disease (e.g. , cancer, benign neoplasm, angiogenesis, inflammatory disease,

autoinflammatory disease, or autoimmune disease) or an infectious disease (e.g. , a viral disease) in a subject. Such methods comprise the step of administering to the subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), e.g., a compound of Fomulas (la), (lb), (Ic), (Id), (Ie), (Ie-1), (Ie-2), (If), (Ig), (Ig-1), (Ig-2), (Ig-3), (Ih), (Ih-1), (Ih-2), (Ii), (Ii-1), (Ij), or 1355 (II) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, tautomer, stereoisomer, or isotopically labeled derivative thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof. In certain

embodiments, the methods described herein include administering to a subject an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), e.g., a compound of Fomulas (la), (lb), (Ic), (Id), (Ie), (Ie-1), (Ie-2), (If), (Ig), (Ig-1), (Ig-2), (Ig-3), (Ih), (Ih-1), (Ih-2), (Ii), (Ii-1), (Ij), or (II) or a

1360 pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.

[225] In certain embodiments, the subject being treated is a mammal. In certain embodiments, the subject is a human. In certain embodiments, the subject is a domesticated animal, such as a dog, cat, cow, pig, horse, sheep, or goat. In certain embodiments, the subject is a companion animal such as a dog or cat. In certain embodiments, the subject is a livestock animal such as a

1365 cow, pig, horse, sheep, or goat. In certain embodiments, the subject is a zoo animal. In another embodiment, the subject is a research animal such as a rodent, dog, or non-human primate. In certain embodiments, the subject is a non-human transgenic animal such as a transgenic mouse or transgenic pig.

[226] The proliferative disease to be treated or prevented using the compounds of Formula (I),

1370 e.g., a compound of Fomulas (la), (lb), (Ic), (Id), (Ie), (Ie-1), (Ie-2), (If), (Ig), (Ig-1), (Ig-2), (Ig-3), (Ih), (Ih-1), (Ih-2), (Ii), (Ii-1), (Ij), or (II) will typically be associated with deregulated activity of c-Myc. Deregulated activity of c-Myc may constitute an elevated and/or an inappropriate (e.g., abnormal) activity of c-Myc. In certain embodiments, c-Myc is not overexpressed, and the activity of c-Myc is elevated and/or inappropriate. In certain other

1375 embodiments, c-Myc is overexpressed, and the activity of c-Myc is elevated and/or

inappropriate. The compounds Formula (I), e.g., the compound of Fomulas (la), (lb), (Ic), (Id), (Ie), (Ie-1), (Ie-2), (If), (Ig), (Ig-1), (Ig-2), (Ig-3), (Ih), (Ih-1), (Ih-2), (Ii), (Ii-1), (Ij), or (II) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, hydrates, tautomers, stereoisomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, and compositions thereof, may inhibit the activity of c-Myc and be useful in

1380 treating and/or preventing proliferative diseases.

[227] In other embodiments, the proliferative disease to be treated or prevented using the compounds of Formula (I), e.g., compounds of Fomulas (la), (lb), (Ic), (Id), (Ie), (Ie-1), (Ie-2), (If), (Ig), (Ig-1), (Ig-2), (Ig-3), (Ih), (Ih-1), (Ih-2), (Ii), (Ii-1), (Ij), or (II) may be associated with deregulated activity a Myc family member, e.g., N-Myc or L-Myc. Deregulated activity of

1385 a Myc family member (e.g., N-Myc or L-Myc) may constitute an elevated and/or an

inappropriate (e.g., abnormal) activity of one or more Myc family members (e.g., N-Myc or L- Myc). In certain embodiments, a Myc family member (e.g., N-Myc or L-Myc) is not

overexpressed, and the activity of said Myc family member (e.g., N-Myc or L-Myc) is elevated and/or inappropriate. In certain other embodiments, a Myc family member (e.g., N-Myc or L-

1390 Myc) is overexpressed, and the activity of said Myc family member (e.g., N-Myc or L-Myc) is elevated and/or inappropriate. The compounds of Formula (I), e.g., compounds of Fomulas (la), (lb), (Ic), (Id), (le), (Ie-1), (Ie-2), (If), (Ig), (Ig-1), (Ig-2), (Ig-3), (Ih), (Ih-1), (Ih-2), (li), (Ii-1), (Ij), or (II) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, hydrates, tautomers, stereoisomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, and compositions thereof, may inhibit the activity of a Myc

1395 family members (e.g., N-Myc or L-Myc) and be useful in treating and/or preventing proliferative diseases.

[228] A proliferative disease may also be associated with inhibition of apoptosis of a cell in a biological sample or subject. All types of biological samples described herein or known in the art are contemplated as being within the scope of the invention. Inhibition of the activity of c-Myc

1400 or other Myc family member (e.g., N-Myc or L-Myc) may cause cytotoxicity via induction of apoptosis. The compounds of Formula (I), e.g., compounds of Fomulas (la), (lb), (Ic), (Id), (le), (Ie-1), (Ie-2), (If), (Ig), (Ig-1), (Ig-2), (Ig-3), (Ih), (Ih-1), (Ih-2), (li), (Ii-1), (Ij), or (II) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, hydrates, tautomers, stereoisomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, and compositions thereof, may induce apoptosis, and therefore, may be

1405 useful in treating and/or preventing proliferative diseases.

[229] In certain embodiments, the proliferative disease to be treated or prevented using the compounds of Formula (I), e.g., compounds of Fomulas (la), (lb), (Ic), (Id), (le), (Ie-1), (Ie-2), (If), (Ig), (Ig-1), (Ig-2), (Ig-3), (Ih), (Ih-1), (Ih-2), (li), (Ii-1), (Ij), or (II) is cancer. All types of cancers disclosed herein or known in the art are contemplated as being within the scope of the

1410 invention. In certain embodiments, the proliferative disease is a cancer associated with

dependence on BCL-2 anti-apoptotic proteins (e.g. , MCL-1 and/or XIAP). In certain

embodiments, the proliferative disease is a cancer associated with overexpression of Myc. In certain embodiments, the proliferative disease is a hematological malignancy. In certain embodiments, the proliferative disease is a blood cancer. In certain embodiments, the

1415 proliferative disease is leukemia. In certain embodiments, the proliferative disease is chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In certain embodiments, the proliferative disease is acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In certain embodiments, the proliferative disease is T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). In certain embodiments, the proliferative disease is chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). In certain embodiments, the proliferative disease is acute

1420 myelogenous leukemia (AML). In certain embodiments, the proliferative disease is lymphoma.

In certain embodiments, the proliferative disease is melanoma. In certain embodiments, the proliferative disease is multiple myeloma. In certain embodiments, the proliferative disease is a bone cancer. In certain embodiments, the proliferative disease is osteosarcoma. In some embodiments, the proliferative disease is Ewing's sarcoma. In some embodiments, the

1425 proliferative disease is triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In some embodiments, the

proliferative disease is a brain cancer. In some embodiments, the proliferative disease is neuroblastoma. In some embodiments, the proliferative disease is a lung cancer. In some embodiments, the proliferative disease is small cell lung cancer (SCLC). In some embodiments, the proliferative disease is large cell lung cancer. In some embodiments, the proliferative disease

1430 is a benign neoplasm. All types of benign neoplasms disclosed herein or known in the art are contemplated as being within the scope of the invention.

[230] In some embodiments, the proliferative disease is associated with angiogenesis. All types of angiogenesis disclosed herein or known in the art are contemplated as being within the scope of the invention.

1435 [231] In certain embodiments, the proliferative disease is an inflammatory disease. All types of inflammatory diseases disclosed herein or known in the art are contemplated as being within the scope of the invention. In certain embodiments, the inflammatory disease is rheumatoid arthritis. In some embodiments, the proliferative disease is an autoinflammatory disease. All types of autoinflammatory diseases disclosed herein or known in the art are contemplated as being within

1440 the scope of the invention. In some embodiments, the proliferative disease is an autoimmune disease. All types of autoimmune diseases disclosed herein or known in the art are contemplated as being within the scope of the invention.

[232] The cell described herein may be an abnormal cell. The cell may be in vitro or in vivo. In certain embodiments, the cell is a proliferative cell. In certain embodiments, the cell is a blood 1445 cell. In certain embodiments, the cell is a lymphocyte. In certain embodiments, the cell is a

cancer cell. In certain embodiments, the cell is a leukemia cell. In certain embodiments, the cell is a CLL cell. In certain embodiments, the cell is a melanoma cell. In certain embodiments, the cell is a multiple myeloma cell. In certain embodiments, the cell is a benign neoplastic cell. In certain embodiments, the cell is an endothelial cell. In certain embodiments, the cell is an 1450 immune cell.

[233] In another aspect, the present invention provides methods of down-regulating the expression of c-Myc or other Myc family member (e.g. , N-Myc or L-Myc) in a biological sample or subject. In certain embodiments, the present invention provides methods of down-regulating the expression of c-Myc in a biological sample or subject. In another aspect, the present

1455 invention provides methods of down-regulating the expression of other bHLH transcription

factors, such as MITF, TWIST 1, and Max, in a biological sample or subject.

[234] In certain embodiments, the methods described herein comprise the additional step of administering one or more additional pharmaceutical agents in combination with the compounds of Formula (I), e.g., compounds of Fomulas (la), (lb), (Ic), (Id), (Ie), (Ie-1), (Ie-2), (If), (Ig),

1460 (Ig-1), (Ig-2), (Ig-3), (Ih), (Ih-1), (Ih-2), (Ii), (Ii-1), (Ij), or (II) a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or compositions comprising such compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Such additional pharmaceutical agents include, but are not limited to, anti-proliferative agents, anti-cancer agents, anti-diabetic agents, anti-inflammatory agents, immunosuppressant agents, and a pain-relieving agent. The additional pharmaceutical agent(s) may synergistically

1465 augment inhibition of c-Myc or other Myc family member (e.g. , N-Myc or L-Myc) induced by the inventive compounds or compositions of this invention in the biological sample or subject. In certain embodiments, the additional pharmaceutical agent is flavopiridol, triptolide, SNS-032 (BMS-387032), PHA-767491, PHA-793887, BS- 181, (S)-CR8, (R)-CRS, ABT-737, or NU6140. In certain embodiments, the additional pharmaceutical agent is an inhibitor of a mitogen-

1470 activated protein kinase (MAPK). In certain embodiments, the additional pharmaceutical agent is an inhibitor of a Bcl-2 protein. In certain embodiments, the additional pharmaceutical agent is an inhibitor of a glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3). In certain embodiments, the additional pharmaceutical agent is an inhibitor of an AGC kinase. In certain embodiments, the additional pharmaceutical agent is an inhibitor of a CaM kinase. In certain embodiments, the additional

1475 pharmaceutical agent is an inhibitor of a casein kinase 1. In certain embodiments, the additional pharmaceutical agent is an inhibitor of a STE kinase. In certain embodiments, the additional pharmaceutical agent is an inhibitor of a tyrosine kinase. Thus, the combination of the inventive compounds or compositions and the additional pharmaceutical agent(s) may be useful in treating proliferative diseases resistant to a treatment using the additional pharmaceutical agent(s) 1480 without the inventive compounds or compositions.

[235] In yet another aspect, the present invention provides the compounds of compounds of Formula (I), e.g., compounds of Fomulas (la), (lb), (Ic), (Id), (Ie), (Ie-1), (Ie-2), (If), (Ig), (Ig- 1), (Ig-2), (Ig-3), (Ih), (Ih-1), (Ih-2), (Ii), (Ii-1), (Ij), or (II) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, hydrates, tautomers, stereoisomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, and

1485 compositions thereof, for use in the treatment of a proliferative disease in a subject. In certain embodiments, provided by the invention are the compounds described herein, and

pharmaceutically acceptable salts and compositions thereof, for use in the treatment of a proliferative disease in a subject. In certain embodiments, provided by the invention are the compounds described herein, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and compositions thereof,

1490 for use in inhibiting cell growth. In certain embodiments, provided by the invention are the

compounds described herein, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and compositions thereof, for use in inducing apoptosis in a cell. In certain embodiments, provided by the invention are the compounds described herein, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and compositions thereof, for use in inhibiting transcription.

1495 EXAMPLES

[236] In order that the invention described herein may be more fully understood, the following examples are set forth. The synthetic and biological examples described in this application are offered to illustrate the compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, and methods provided herein and are not to be construed in any way as limiting their scope.

1500 [237] The compounds provided herein can be prepared from readily available starting materials using modifications to the specific synthesis protocols set forth below that would be well known to those of skill in the art. It will be appreciated that where typical or preferred process conditions (i.e. , reaction temperatures, times, mole ratios of reactants, solvents, pressures, etc.) are given, other process conditions can also be used unless otherwise stated. Optimum reaction

1505 conditions may vary with the particular reactants or solvents used, but such conditions can be determined by those skilled in the art by routine optimization procedures.

[238] Additionally, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art, conventional protecting groups may be necessary to prevent certain functional groups from undergoing undesired reactions. The choice of a suitable protecting group for a particular functional group as well as 1510 suitable conditions for protection and deprotection are well known in the art. For example, numerous protecting groups, and their introduction and removal, are described in Greene et ah, Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis, Second Edition, Wiley, New York, 1991, and references cited therein.

[239] NMR and LCMS data for exemplary compounds of the invention are summarized in 1515 Table 1.

[240] Table 2: Abbreviations

[241] Example 1. Synthesis of N-^-iThiazolo S-clpyridin^-yl .S.ej- tetrahvdrothieno^.S-clpyridin^-vDacetamide (Compound 100)

AcCI, DIPEA, DC

[242] Step-1: 2-(Thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)acetonitrile

[243] To the solution of 3-aminopyridine-4-thiol (500 mg, 3.96 mmol) in ethanol (5 mL) and AcOH (5 mL) was added malononitrile (392 mg, 5.94 mmol). After the addition, the resulting mixture was heated to reflux at 80 °C for 16 h. The reaction mixture was then evaporated under vacuum pressure to afford the title compound as a brown solid (650 mg crude). 1H NMR

(DMSO-d ₆ , 400MHz): δ 9.30 (s, 1 H), 8.56 (d, J = 5.38 Hz, 1 H), 8.22 (d, J = 5.38 Hz, 1 H), 4.83 (s, 2 H). LCMS: [M+H] ⁺ = 176.00; R _t = 1.49 min.

[244] Step-2: tert-Butyl 2-amino-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4, 7-dihydrothieno[2,3- c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate

[245] To the solution of 2-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)acetonitrile (650 mg, 3.70 mmol) in ethanol (20 mL) were added tert-buty\ 4-oxopiperidine-l-carboxylate (739 mg, 3.70 mmol), elemental sulfur (119 g, 3.70 mmol), and morpholine (0.32 mL, 3.70 mmol). After the addition, the resulting mixture was heated to reflux at 80 °C for 4 h, followed by concentration of the mixture. The resulting crude compound was purified by silica gel column chromatography with 0-20% ethyl acetate in n-hexane to afford the title compound as light brown solid (500 mg, yield 35%). 1H NMR (DMSO-d ₆ , 400MHz): δ 9.13 (s, 1 H), 8.39 (d, J = 5.38 Hz, 1 H), 8.26 (s, 2 H), 8.07 (d, 7 = 5.15 Hz, 1 H), 4.36 (br. s, 2 H), 3.66 (t, 7 = 5.27 Hz, 2 H), 2.81 - 2.86 (m, 2 H), 1.43 (s, 9 H). LCMS: [M+H] ⁺ = 389.05; R _t = 2.83 min.

[246] Step-3: tert-Butyl 2-acetamido-3-( thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4, 7-dihydrothieno[2,3- c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate

[247] To the solution of tert-butyl 2-amino-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,7- dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate (500 mg, 1.28 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) at 0 °C was added DIPEA (0.448 mL, 2.57 mmol), followed by drop wise addition of acetyl chloride (0.137 mL, 1.93 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3h. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was diluted with water (30 mL) and extracted with dichloromethane (30 mLx 3). The combined organic layers were washed with sat. NaHC0 ₃ and dried over Na ₂ S0 _4. After removal of solvent, the crude residue was purified by column chromatography with 0-20% ethyl acetate in n-hexane to afford the title compound as a brown solid (210 mg, yield 38%). LCMS: [M+H] ⁺ = 431.05; R _t = 3.32 min.

[248] Step-4: N-(3-(Thiazolo[4, 5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4, 5,6,7 -tetrahydro thieno[2,3-c]pyridin-2- yl)acetamide

[249] To a solution of 4M HC1 in dioxane (5 mL) at 0 °C was added tert-butyl 2-acetamido-3- (thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,7-dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridi ne-6(5H)-carboxylate (200 mg, 0.46 mmol). After stirring at room temperature for 2 h, the reaction mixture was evaporated under vacuum pressure. The resultant crude residue was washed several times with acetonitrile to afford the title compound (HC1 salt) as a brown solid (20 mg, yield 13%).

[250] Example 2. Synthesis of N-(3-tthiazolor5.4-blpyridin-2-yl)-4.5.6.7- tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-2-yl)acetamide (Compound 101)

[251] Step 1: 2-(Thiazolo[5,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)acetonitrile

[252] To a solution of 3-aminopyridine-2-thiol (500 mg, 0.39 mmol) in ethanol (10 mL) and AcOH (4 mL) was added malononitrile (207 mg, 3.12 mmol), and the resulting mixture was heated to reflux at 80 °C for 16 h. The reaction mixture was then concentrated under vacuum and the crude compound was purified by silica gel column chromatography using 0-40% ethyl acetate in n-hexane to afford the title compound as a brown solid (415 mg, yield 60%). 1H NMR

(DMSO-d ₆ , 400MHz): δ 8.65 (d, = 4.62 Hz, 1 H), 8.46 (d, = 8.32 Hz, 1 H), 7.63 (dd, = 4.62,

8.32 Hz, 1 H), 4.82 (s, 2 H). LCMS: [M+H] ⁺ = 175.85; R _t = 1.78 min

[253] Step 2: tert-butyl 2-amino-3-(thiazolo[5,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)-4,5-dihydrothieno[2, 3- c ]pyridine-6( 7H)-carboxylate

[254] To a solution of 2-(thiazolo[5,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)acetonitrile (405 mg, 2.30 mmol) in ethanol (20 mL) were added tert-butyX 4-oxopiperidine-l-carboxylate (460 mg, 2.30 mmol), elemental sulfur (74 mg, 2.30 mmol), and morpholine (180 mg, 2.30 mmol). After the reaction was complete, the reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The crude residue was washed with methanol and dried to afford the title compound as light brown solid (742 mg, yield 82%). 1H NMR (DMSO-d ₆ , 400MHz): δ 8.44 (dd, = 1.64, 4.45 Hz, 1 H), 8.30 (s, 2 H), 8.20 (dd, = 1.40, 7.96 Hz, 1 H), 7.49 (dd, = 4.68, 8.43 Hz, 1 H), 4.35 (br. s, 2 H), 3.66 (t, = 5.38 Hz, 2 H), 2.81 - 2.86 (m, 2 H), 1.44 (s, 9 H). LCMS: [M+H] ⁺ = 389.40; R _t = 3.22 min.

[255] Step 3: tert-Butyl 2-acetamido-3-(thiazolo[5,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)-4, 7-dihydrothieno[2,3- c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate

[256] To a solution of tert-butyl 2-amino-3-(thiazolo[5,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)-4,7- dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate (730 mg, 1.88 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) at 0 °C was added DIPEA (0.655 mL, 3.76 mmol), followed by drop wise addition of acetyl chloride (0.2 mL, 2.82 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3h and after completion, was diluted with water (30 mL) and extracted with DCM (30 mLx 3). The combined organic layers were washed with sat. NaHC0 ₃ and dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ . After removal of the solvent, the crude residue was purified by column chromatography using 0-50% ethyl acetate in ft-hexane to afford the title compound as light brown solid (500 mg, yield 62%). LCMS: [M+H] ⁺ = 431.40; R _t = 3.36 min

[257] Step 4:N-(3-(Thiazolo[5,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro thieno [2,3-c]pyridin-2- yl)acetamide

[258] To a solution of 4M HC1 in dioxane (7 mL) at 0°C was added tert-butyl 2-acetamido-3- (thiazolo[5,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)-4,7-dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridi ne-6(5H)-carboxylate (500 mg, 1.16 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum, and the crude residue obtained was diluted with DCM, washed with sat. NaHC0 ₃ , and dried over Na ₂ S0 _4. After removal of solvent, the crude residue was purified by preparative HPLC to afford the title compound as a yellow solid (157 mg, yield 41%).

[259] Example 3. Synthesis of N-(3-(thiazolo[4 _< 5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-5 _< 6-dihvdro-4H- thieno[2,3-dpyrrol-2-yl)acetamide (Compound 102)

[260] Step 1: 2-(Thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)acetonitrile

NC CN

[261] A stirred solution of 3-aminopyridine-4-thiol (2 g, 15.8 mmol) and malononitrile (1.6 g, 23.8 mmol) in ethanol (20 mL) was heated at 80 °C for 12 h. After the reaction was complete as monitored by TLC and LCMS, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and triturated with hexane. The solvent was decanted, and the crude solid was dried to afford 2 g of the crude title compound which was used in the next step without further purification. LCMS: [M+H] ⁺ = 175.85; R _t = 1.49 min.

[262] Step 2: tert-butyl 2-amino-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,6-dihydro-5H-thien o[2,3- c Jpyrrole-5-carboxylate

[263] To a solution of 2-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)acetonitrile (500 mg, 2.85 mmol) in ethanol (10 mL) was added tert-butyl 3-oxopyrrolidine-l-carboxylate (528 mg, 2.85 mmol), elemental sulphur (91 mg, 2.85 mmol) and morpholine (247 mg, 2.85 mmol) at room

temperature. After the addition, the resulting mixture was heated to reflux at 85 °C for 3 h.

After completion (monitored by TLC), the reaction mixture was evaporated under vacuum pressure. The crude residue obtained was stirred in methanol for 20 min, and the solid that precipitated was filtered and dried to afford the title compound (400 mg, crude). The crude compound was used in the next step without further purification. LCMS: [M+H] ⁺ = 374.90; R _t ^: 2.93 min.

[264] Step 3: tert-butyl 2-acetamido-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,6-dihydro-5H- thieno[2,3-c]pyrrole-5-carboxylate

[265] To a solution of tert-butyl 2-amino-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,6-dihydro-5H- thieno[2,3-c]pyrrole-5-carboxylate (200 mg, 0.53 mmol) in THF (10 mL) at 0 °C was added DIPEA (0.1 mL, 1.06 mmol) and acetyl anhydride (0.075 mL, 0.80 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated to 80 °C for 48 h, and the reaction was monitored by TLC. After the completion of reaction as indicated by LCMS, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to get a crude residue, which was taken up in 10% MeOH in CH ₂ CI ₂ and washed with sat. NaHC0 ₃ solution, dried with anhydrous Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered, and concentrated to get a crude residue. The crude compound was purified by silica gel column chromatography, eluting with 0-20% ethyl acetate, to afford the title compound (100 mg, 45% yield). LCMS: [M+H] ⁺ = 417.0; R _t = 3.41 min.

[266] Step 4: N-(3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-thieno[2,3 -c]pyrrol-2- yl)acetamide

[267] To tert-butyl 2-acetamido-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,6-dihydro-5H-t hieno[2,3- c]pyrrole-5-carboxylate (100 mg, 0.24 mmol) at 0 °C was added 4M HC1 in dioxane (5 mL). After the addition, the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The reaction was monitored by TLC. After TLC indicated the reaction was complete, the reaction mixture was evaporated under vacuum to give a crude residue which was purified by preparative HPLC to afford the title compound as a yellow solid (10 mg, 13% yield). [268] Example 4. Synthesis of 3-(sec-butylamino)-N-(3-(thiazolo[4 _< 5-c1pyridin-2-yl)- 4,5,6 -tetrahydrothie -c1pyridin-2-yl)propanamide (Compound 103)

[269] Step 1: tert-butyl 2-amino-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,7-dihydrothieno[2, 3- c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate

[270] To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 2-acetamido-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,7- dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate (0.5 g, 1.16 mmol) in methanol (10 mL) was added K ₂ CO ₃ (0.24 g, 1.74 mmol) at room temperature. The resulting reaction mixture was heated at 50 °C for 12 h. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was evaporated under vacuum and the resulting residue obtained was diluted with water and extracted with 10% MeOH in DCM. The combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound as a yellow solid (0.3 g, crude). This compound was used in the next step without further purification. LCMS: [M+H] ⁺ = 388.90; R _t =2.99 min.

[271] Step 2: tert-butyl 2-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(sec-butyl)amino)propanamido)-3- (thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4, 7-dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate

[272] To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 2-amino-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,7- dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate (0.15 g, 0.38 mmol) in ethyl acetate (10 niL) at 0 °C, 3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(sec-butyl)amino)propanoic acid (0.14 g, 0.57 mmol), Et ₃ N (0.1 mL, 0.76 mmol), and T ₃ P (0.181 g, 0.57 mmol, 50 wt% solution in EtOAc) was added. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 16 h, then heated to 60 °C for 12 h. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS. After the reaction was complete, the reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with 10% MeOH in DCM and concentrated under reduced pressure to get a crude residue. The crude compound was purified by silica gel column chromatography eluting with 0-5% MeOH in DCM to afford the title compound which was repurified by preparative HPLC to afford the title compound (0.06 g, yield 25%). LCMS:

[M+H] ⁺ = 616.45; R _t = 4.77 min.

[273] Step 3: 3-(sec-butylamino)-N-(3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4, 5,6, 7- tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-2-yl)propanamide

[274] To a solution of tert-butyl 2-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(sec-butyl)amino)propanamido)-3- (thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,7-dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridi ne-6(5H)-carboxylate (0.06 g, 0.116 mmol) in dioxane (1 mL) at 0 °C was added 4M HC1 in dioxane (0.5 mL). After the addition, the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. After the reaxtion was complete, the reaction mixture was evaporated under vacuum pressure resulting in a crude residue which was purified by trituration in ether to afford the title compound as a yellow solid (0.025 g HC1 salt, 52% yield).

[275] Example 5. Synthesis of N-(4-methyl-3-(thiazolo[4 _< 5-c1pyridin-2-yl)-4,5 _< 6J- tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c1pyridin-2-yl)acetamide (Compound 104)

[276] Step 1: tert-butyl 2-amino-4-methyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4, 7- dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate

[277] To a stirred solution of 2-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)acetonitrile (1 g, 5.70 mmol) in ethanol (10 mL) was added tert-butyl 3-methyl-4-oxopiperidine-l-carboxylate (1.2 g, 5.70 mmol), elemental sulphur (0.216 g, 5.70 mmol) and morpholine (0.495 g, 5.70 mmol) at room temperature. After the addition, the resulting mixture was heated to reflux at 80 °C for 3 h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, the reaction mixture was evaporated under vacuum pressure _. After removal of solvent, the crude compound was purified by triturating with methanol to afford the title compound as a yellow solid (1 g, crude). This compound was used in the next step without further purification.

[278] Step 2: tert-butyl 2-acetamido-4-methyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,7- dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine- -carboxylate

[279] To a solution of tert-butyl 2-amino-4-methyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,7- dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate (1 g, 2.40 mmol) in THF (20 mL) at 0 °C was added acetic anhydride (0.38 g, 3.70 mmol) and DIPEA (0.619 g, 4.80 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated to reflux at 80 °C for 48 h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was quenched with saturated NaHC0 ₃ solution and extracted with 10% MeOH in DCM. The combined organic layer was dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered, and concentrated to afford the title crude compound as yellow solid (1 g, crude). This compound was used in the next step without further purification. LCMS: [M+H] ⁺ =445.05; R _t = 3.52 min.

[280] Step 3: N-(4-methyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,5,6, 7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3- c ]pyridin-2-yl )acetamide

[281] To a solution of tert-butyl 2-acetamido-4-methyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,7- dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate (0.15 g, 0.22 mmol) in dioxane (2 mL) at 0 °C was added 4M HC1 in dioxane (2 mL). After the addition, the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuum resulting in a crude residue which was purified trituration in ether to afford the title compound as a yellow solid (0.1 g HC1 salt, 78% yield).

[282] Example 6. Synthesis of N-(6-(l-morpholinopropan-2-yl)-3-(thiazolo[4 _< 5-c]pyridin-

-morpholinopropan-2-ol

[284] To a solution of l-morpholinopropan-2-one (0.4 g, 2.79 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) at 0 °C was added NaBH ₄ (0.159 g, 4.19 mmol). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After TLC indicated the reaction was complete, the reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with water and extracted with DCM. The combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered, and concentrated to get a crude residue. The crude compound was purified by silica gel column chromatography eluting with 0-5% MeOH/DCM to afford the title compound as a yellow oil (0.18 g, yield 43.8%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 4.26 (d, = 4.4 Hz, 1H), 3.78 - 3.72 (m, 1H), 3.55 (t, =4.8 Hz, 4H), 2.37 (t, =4.0 Hz, 4H), 2.25 - 2.11 (m, 2H), 1.02 (d, = 6.0 Hz, 3H).

[285] Step 2: 1 -morpholinopropan-2-yl methane sulfonate

[286] To a stirred solution of l-morpholinopropan-2-ol (0.18 g, 1.24 mmol) in DCM (4 mL) at 0 °C was added TEA (0.25 mL, 1.86 mmol) and mesyl chloride (0.11 mL, 1.48 mmol). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 12 h. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was diluted with aqueous sat. NaHC0 ₃ solution and extracted with DCM. The combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude title compound as a yellow oil (0.2 g, crude).

[287] Step 3: N-(6-(l-morpholinopropan-2-yl)-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-y l)-4, 5,6, 7- tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-2-yl)acetamide

[288] To a stirred solution of N-(3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[ 2,3- c]pyridin-2-yl)acetamide (0.295 g, 0.895 mmol) in acetonitrile (4 mL) was added K ₂ C0 (0.185 g, 1.34 mmol) and l-morpholinopropan-2-yl methanesulfonate (0.2 g, 0.895 mmol). After the addition, the resulting mixture was heated to reflux at 65 °C for 12 h. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure _. The crude compound was purified by preparative HPLC to afford the title compound as a yellow solid (0.005 g, yield 1.22%).

[289] Example 7. Synthesis of N-r3-r4-(difluoromethyl)thiazolor4 _< 5-clpyridin-2-yll-4 _< 5 _< 6J- tetrahvdrothieno[2,3-c1pyridin-2-yl]acetamide (Compound 106)

[290] N-(3-thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2, 3-c]pyridin-2-yl)acetamide (10.9 mg, 0.0300 mmol)N-(3-thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothie no[2,3-c]pyridin- 2- yl)acetamide (10.9 mg, 0.0300 mmol) and bis(difluoromethylsulfinyloxy)zinc (24 mg, 0.0800 mmol) were dissolved in DMSO (300 uL) in a 4 mL vial and TFA (4 uL, 0.0500mmol) was added. The solution was cooled to 0 °C followed by addition of TBHP (20 uL, 70 wt% in H20, 0.0300 mmol). The reaction was stirred in a loosely capped vial at room temperature for 2 hrs until LC/MS indicated completion. The reaction was then quenched with an EDT A/saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (2 mL), and the aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane (3x5 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered, and concentrated, and the crude residue was purified by C18 reverse-phase MPLC (0-100% MeCN/H ₂ 0) to afford the title compound (1.7 mg, 0.0045 mmol, 13.5% yield) as a yellow powder.

[291] Example 8. Synthesis of N-(6-isopropyl-4-methyl-3-(thiazolo[4 _< 5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-

4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c1pyridin-2-yl)acetamide (Compound 107)

[292] To a stirred solution of N-(4-methyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,5,6,7- tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-2-yl)acetamide (0.07 g, 0.187 mmol), propan-2-one (0.018 g, 0.3 mmol) in dichloroethane (10 mL) and acetic acid (0.1 mL) was added and reaction was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. Then sodium triacetoxyborohydride (0.063 g, 0.3 mmol) was added at 0 °C and reaction was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. After completion, the reaction mass was quenched with aqueous sat. NaHC0 ₃ solution; extracted with 10% MeOH/DCM. The combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered and concentrated to get a crude residue. The crude compound was purified by preparative HPLC to afford the title compound as a yellow solid (0.03 g, TFA salt, yield 38%).

[293] Example 9. Synthesis of 2-(2-acetamido-4 _< 5 _< 6,7-tetrahvdrothieno[2 _< 3-c1pyridin-3- yl)thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridine 5-oxide (Compound 108)

[294] Step 1 : 2-(2-acetamido-6-( tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4, 5, 6, 7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c ]pyridin-3- yl)thiazolo [4, 5 -c] pyridine 5-oxide

[295] To a solution of ie/ -butyl 2-acetamido-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,7- dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate (0.1 g, 0.232 mmol) in DCM (2 mL) at 0 °C was added m-CPBA (0.076 g, 0.44 mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, the reaction mass was quenched with aqueous sat.Na ₂ C0 ₃ solution and stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The residue obtained was filtered and subsequently washed with DCM. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound as an off-white solid (0.03 g, yield 29.1%). LCMS: [M+H] ⁺ = 447.15; R _t = 2.74 min.

[296] Step 2: 2-(2-acetamido-4,5,6, 7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-3-yl)thiazolo[4,5- c] pyridine 5-oxide

[297] To a solution of 2-(2-acetamido-6-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothi eno[2,3- c]pyridin-3-yl)thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridine 5-oxide (0.05 g, 0.112 mmol) in dioxane (0.5 mL) at 0 °C was added 4M HCI in dioxane (1 mL) and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was evaporated to dryness and the resulting crude residue was purified by trituration with ether to afford the title compound as a yellow solid (0.03 g, HCI salt, 71.4% yield).

[298] Example 10. Synthesis of N-(5J-dimethyl-3-(thiazolo[4 _< 5-c1pyridin-2-yl)-4,5 _< 6J- tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c1pyridin-2-yl)acetamide (Compound 109)

H

[299] Step 1: l-benzyl-2,6-dimethylpiperidin-4-one

[300] To a stirring solution of 3-oxopentanedioic acid (10 g, 68.44 mmol) in water (25 mL), acetaldehyde (6.02 g, 136.89 mmol) was added and stirred at room temperature for 20 min. To this solution, phenylmethanamine (7.33 g, 68.44 mmol) was added portionwise at 0 °C. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 h, and the progress was monitored by TLC. After completion, reaction mixture was acidified with 2N HC1 to pH 2, neutralized with aqueous sat. NaHC0 ₃ , and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered, and concentrated to get a crude residue. This crude compound was purified by silica gel column chromatography eluting with 0-20% ethyl acetate in ft-hexane to afford the title compound as a brown oil (7 g, yield 47%). LCMS: [M+H] ⁺ = 218.05; R _t = 1.56 min.

[301] Step 2: tert-butyl 2, 6-dimethyl-4-oxopiperidine-l-carboxylate

[302] To a stirred solution of l-benzyl-2,6-dimethylpiperidin-4-one (2 g, 9.17 mmol) in isopropyl alcohol (20 mL), 10% Pd/C (400 mg) and Boc anhydride (2.39 g, 11 mmol) were added and stirred at room temperature under hydrogen pressure (balloon) for 48 h. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, the mixture was filtered through a pad of celite, washed with 10% MeOH/DCM, and filtrate was concentrated to yield a crude residue. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography eluting with 0-20% ethyl acetate in n-hexane to afford the title compound as a white solid (1.5 g, yield 71.2%). 1H NMR (400

MHz, chloroform-d) δ 4.41 - 4.33 (m, 2H), 2.85 (dd, / = 17.9, 6.5 Hz, 2H), 2.37 (dd, / = 17.8, 1.9 Hz, 2H), 1.49 (s, 9H), 1.25 (d, = 7.2 Hz, 6H).

[303] Step 3: tert-butyl 2-amino-5, 7-dimethyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,7- dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate

[304] To a solution of 2-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)acetonitrile (1.2 g, 6.85 mmol) in ethanol (60 mL) was added tert-buty\ 2,6-dimethyl-4-oxopiperidine-l-carboxylate (1.56 g, 6.85 mmol), elemental sulphur (0.219 g, 6.85 mmol), and morpholine (0.596 g, 6.85 mmol) at rt. After the addition, the resulting mixture was heated to reflux at 80 °C for 15 h and the reaction progress was monitored by TLC. The reaction mixture was dried in vacuum and the crude compound was purified by triturating with methanol to afford the title compound as a brown solid (1.2 g, yield 42%). LCMS: [M+H] ⁺ = 417; R _t = 2.99 min

[305] Step 4: tert-butyl 2-acetamido-5, 7-dimethyl-3-( thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4, 7- dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate

[306] To a solution of tert-butyl 2-amino-5,7-dimethyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,7- dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate (0.6 g, 1.44 mmol) in THF (10 mL) at 0°C was added DIPEA (0.744 g, 5.77 mmol) and acetic anhydride (0.441 g, 4.33 mmol). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at 65 °C for 24 h and the reaction progress was monitored by TLC. After completion, the mixture was concentred to dryness under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate, and the combined organic layers were dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered, and concentrated to yield a crude residue. The crude residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography eluting with 0-70% ethyl acetate in n-hexane to afford the title compound as a yellow solid (0.45 g, yield 68.2%). LCMS: [M+H] ⁺ = 458.95; R _t = 3.61 min.

[307] Step 5: N-( 5, 7-dimethyl-3-( thiazolo[4, 5-c ]pyridin-2-yl)-4, 5, 6, 7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3- c ]pyridin-2-yl )acetamide

[308] To a solution of tert-butyl 2-acetamido-5,7-dimethyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,7 - dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate (0.1 g, 0.218 mmol) in dioxane (3 mL) at 0 °C was added 4M HC1 in dioxane (3 mL). After the addition, the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness and to yield a crude residue which was purified by triturating with ether to afford a brown solid (0.07 g, HC1 salt, 90% yield). [309]

[310] Example 11. Synthesis of tert-butyl (5R,7R)-2-acetamido-5,7-dimethyl-3- (thiazolo[4.5-c1pyridin-2-yl)-4.7-dihvdrothieno[2.3-c]pyridi ne-6(5H)-carboxylate and tert- butyl (5S.7S)-2-acetamido-5.7-dimethyl-3-(thiazolo[4.5-c1pyridin-2 -yl)-4.7- dihydrothieno[2,3-c1pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate (Compound 110 and Compound 111)

[311] Step 1: Chiral separation of N-(5,7-dimethyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4, 5,6,7- tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-2-yl)acetamide

[312] The mixture of diastereomers of N-(5,7-dimethyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4, 5,6,7- tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-2-yl)acetamide prepared as described in the previous example was subjected to preparative chiral separation via HPLC to afford the individual enantiomers 1 (60 mg, 10% yield, off white solid) and 2 (60 mg, 10% yield, off white solid). LCMS: [M+H] ⁺ =458.10; R _t = 3.52 min. The absolute stereochemistry of each enantiomer was not determined.

[313] Step 2a: N-((5R,7R)-5, 7-dimethyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4, 5,6, 7- tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-2-yl)acetamide

[314] To a solution of tert-butyl (5 ?,7 ?)-2-acetamido-5,7-dimethyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2- yl)-4,7-dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate (0.05 g, 0.108 mmol) in dioxane (2 mL) at 0 °C was added 4M HQ in dioxane (2 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was evaporated to dryness and the crude residue obtained was purified by trituration with ether to afford the title compound as a brown solid (0.03 g, HC1 salt, 77% yield). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.16 (s, 1H), 10.06 (d, J = 10.3 Hz, 1H), 9.81 (d, = 10.9 Hz, 1H), 9.71 (s, 1H), 8.70 (d, = 5.9 Hz, 1H), 8.60 (d, = 5.9 Hz, 1H), 4.83 - 4.76 (m, 1H), 3.86 (dt, = 13.7, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.41 - 3.27 (m, 1H), 2.89 (dd, / = 16.1, 8.3 Hz, 1H), 2.37 (s, 3H), 1.65 (d, = 6.7 Hz, 3H), 1.50 (dd, / = 22.1, 6.4 Hz, 3H). LCMS: [M+H] ⁺ =358.90; R _t = 2.60 min.

[315] Step 2b: N-((5S, 7S)-5, 7-dimethyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4, 5,6,7- tetrah drothieno 2 3-c ridin-2- l acetamide

[316] To a solution of tert-butyl (5S,7 ?)-2-acetamido-5,7-dimethyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2- yl)-4,7-dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate (0.04 g, 0.087 mmol) in dioxane (2 mL) at 0 °C was added 4M HC1 in dioxane (2 mL) and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness and the crude residue obtained was purified by trituration with ether to afford the title compound as a yellow solid (0.025 g, HC1 salt, 80% yield).

[317] Example 12. Synthesis of 5-amino-N-((lS _< 3R)-3-(5-chloro-4-(l-methyl-lH-indol-3- yl)pyrimidin-2-ylamino)cvclohexyl)picolinamide (Compound 112)

[318] To a stirred solution of N-(3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[ 2,3- c]pyridin-2-yl)acetamide (100 mg, 1 eq) in CH ₃ CN (3 niL) was added K ₂ C0 ₃ (83 mg, 2 eq) followed by 4-(2-chloroethyl)morpholine (67 mg, 1.5 eq). The resulting mixture was refluxed for 12 h. After TLC indicated the reaction was complete, the mixture was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic fractions were dried over anhydrous Na ₂ S0 ₄ and concentrated in vacuo to get a crude residue which was purified by silica gel (100-200 mesh) column chromatography eluting with 0-5 % methanol in DCM to afford the title compound (30 mg, yield 22%) as yellow solid.

[319] Example 13. Synthesis of N-(6-amino-3-(thiazolo[4 _< 5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4 _< 5 _< 6,7- tetrahvdrobenzo[61thiophen-2-yl)acetamide (Compound 113)

[320] Step 1: tert-butyl (2-amino-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,5,6, 7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]- thiophen-6-yl)carbamate

[321] To a solution of 2-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)acetonitrile (1 g, 5.71 mmol) in ethanol (15 mL) was added ie/ -butyl (4-oxocyclohexyl)carbamate (1.21 g, 5.71 mmol), elemental sulphur (182 mg, 5.71 mmol), and morpholine (497 mg, 5.71 mmol) at room temperature; the resulting reaction mixture was heated to reflux at 85 °C for 12 h. The reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, the reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness and the crude compound was triturated in methanol and dried to afford the of title compound as an off white solid (1.5 g crude). LCMS: [M+H] ⁺ = 403.00; R _t = 2.68 min.

[322] Step 2: tert-butyl (2-acetamido-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4, 5,6,7- tetrahydrobenzo[b ]thiophen-6-yl )carbamate

[323] To a solution of tert-butyl (2-amino-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,5,6,7- tetrahydrobenzo[ ]-thiophen-6-yl)carbamate (1 g, 2.48 mmol) in THF (10 mL) at 0 °C was added DIPEA (0.87 mL, 4.97 mmol), followed by acetic anhydride (0.35 mL, 3.73 mmol). The reaction mixture stirred at room temperature for 1 h and then heated at reflux for the next 48 h. The reaction was monitored by TLC. After TLC indicated the reaction was complete, the reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness and the resulting residue was taken up in 10% MeOH in DCM and washed with saturated NaHC0 ₃ solution and brine. The separated organic layer was dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered, and concentrated under vacuum to provide a crude residue which was purified by silica gel column chromatography eluting with 0-5% methanol in DCM to afford the title compound as an off white solid (440 mg, 36% yield). LCMS: [M+H] ⁺ = 445.15; R _t = 3.17 min

[324] Step 3: N-( 6-amino-3-( thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,5,6, 7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophen- 2-yl)acetamide

NHBoc NH ₂

[325] To a solution of tert-butyl (2-acetamido-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4, 5,6,7- tetrahydrobenzo[ ]thiophen-6-yl)carbamate (100 mg, 0.22 mmol) in dioxane (1 mL) at 0 °C was added 4M HC1 in dioxane (1 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 h. After TLC indicated the reaction was complete, the reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness and the residue was purified by trituration in ether and pentane to give the HCl salt of the title compound as a brown solid (60 mg, 70% yield).

[326] Example 14. Synthesis of N-(6-methyl-3-(thiazolor4,5-clpyridin-2-yl)-4 _< 5 _< 6J- tetrahvdrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-2-yl)acetamide (Compound 114)

[327] To the solution of formaldehyde (0.1 mL, 2.73 mmol, 37 wt% solution) and N-(3- (thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c ]pyridin-2-yl)acetamide (100 mg, 0.27 mmol) in 1,2-dichloroethane (3 mL) was added sodium triacetoxyborhydride (87 mg, 0.41 mmol) followed by AcOH (0.2 mL) and reaction was stirred at room temperature for 12 h. After the completion (the reaction was monitored by TLC) the reaction mixture was diluted with water (15 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 10 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ and evaporated in vacuo resulting in the crude compound which was purified silica gel (100- 200 mesh) column chromatography eluting with 0-5 % methanol in DCM to give the title compound (70 mg, yield 74%) as yellow solid.

[328] Example 15. Synthesis of N-(6-isopropyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,5,6,7- tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c1pyridin-2-yl)acetamide (Compound 115)

[329] To the solution of N-(3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[ 2,3- c]pyridin-2-yl)acetamide (100 mg, 0.30 mmol) and acetone (0.11 mL, 1.51 mmol) in 1,2- dichloroethane (3 mL) was added sodium triacetoxyborohydride (95 mg, 0.45 mmol) followed by AcOH (0.2 mL), and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 h. The reaction was monitored by TLC, and upon completion, was diluted with water (15 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 10 mL). The combined organic solvents were dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ and evaporated in vacuum resulting in the crude compound. The crude compound was purified using silica gel flash column chromatography eluting with 0-5 % methanol in DCM to afford the title compound (17 mg, yield 15%) as yellow solid. .

[330] Example 16. Synthesis of 3-(5gc-butylamino)-N-(6-isopropyl-3-(thiazolo[4 _< 5- c1pyridin-2-yl)-4 _< 5 _< 6,7-tetrahvdrothieno[2 _< 3-clpyridin-2-yl)propanamide dihydrochloride (Compound 116)

[331] Step 1: 2-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)acetonitrile

[332] To a solution of 3-aminopyridine-4-thiol (1.5 g, 11.9 mmol) in ethanol (10 mL) was added acetic acid (10 mL) followed by malononitrile (790 mg, 11.9 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated to 90 °C for 12 h and monitored by TLC. After the reaction was complete, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give the product (3 g, crude) as a brown solid which was used in the next step without further purification. LCMS: [M+H] ⁺ = 175.90; R _t = 1.50 min.

[333] Step 2: 6-isopropyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,5,6, 7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3- c]pyridin-2 -amine

[334] To a solution of 2-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)acetonitrile (1 g, 5.71 mmol) in ethanol (10 mL) was added l-isopropylpiperidin-4-one (805 mg, 5.71 mmol) followed by morpholine (490 mg, 5.71 mmol) at room temperature. The resulting mixture was heated to 40 °C for 10 min. Sulfur (210 mg, 5.71 mmol) was then added, and the reaction mixture was heated to 90 °C for 4 h and monitored by TLC. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was evaporated to dryness resulting in a crude residue which was purified by flash column chromatography to afford the title compound as a yellow solid (720 mg, 38% yield). LCMS: [M+H] ⁺ = 331.08; R _t = 1.38 min.

[335] Step 3: tert-butyl sec-butyl(3-((6-isopropyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4, 5,6, 7- tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-2-yl)amino)-3-oxopropyl)carba mate

[336] To a solution of 6-isopropyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahyd rothieno[2,3- c]pyridin-2- amine (500 mg, 1.51mmol) in DMF (10 mL) at 0 °C, was added 3-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)(sec-butyl)amino)propanoic acid (560 mg, 2.27 mmol) and TEA (0.62 mL, 4.54 mmol), followed by T ₃ P (50% w/v in EtOAc, 1.5 ml, 2.35 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h and monitored by TLC. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was diluted with DCM and washed with 0.5 M HC1. The combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na ₂ S0 ₄ and concentrated to obtain a crude residue which was purified by basic alumina column chromatography to afford the title compound as a yellow solid (80 mg, 9.5% yield). LCMS: [M+l] ⁺ = 558.2; R _t = 2.21 min.

[337] Step 4: 3-(sec-butylamino)-N-(6-isopropyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin- 2-yl)-4, 5,6,7- tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-2-yl)propanamide

[338] To a solution of tert-butyl sec-butyl(3-((6-isopropyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)- 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-2-yl)amino)-3-oxoprop yl)carbamate (50 mg, 0.08 mmol) in dioxane (1 mL) at 0 °C was added 4M HC1 in dioxane (2 mL). After the addition, the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 h and the reaction was monitored by TLC. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was evaporated to dryness resulting in a crude residue which was purified by triturating with ether and pentane to afford the HC1 salt of the title compound as a yellow solid (40 mg, 92% yield).

[339] Example 17. Synthesis of N-(6-ethyl-5 _< 7-dimethyl-3-(thiazolo[4 _< 5-c1pyridin-2-yl)- 4,5,6 -tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-2-yl)acetamide (Compound 117), N-((5R,7R)-6- ethyl-5 -dimethyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-^^

vDacetamide (Compound 119) and N-((5S JS)-6-ethyl-5 J-dimethyl-3-(thiazolor4,5- c1pyridin-2-yl)-4 _< 5 _< 6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2 _< 3-c1pyridin-2-yl)acetamide (Compound 120).

[340] Step 1. N-(6-ethyl-5,7-dimethyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4, 5,6,7- tetrah drothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-2-yl)acetamide ( Compound 117)

To a stirred solution of N-(5,7-dimethyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4, 5,6,7- tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-2-yl)acetamide (Compound 109; 0.25 g, 0.69 mmol) in 1,2- dichloroethane (3 mL) was added acetaldehyde (0.062 g, 1.39 mmol) followed by AcOH (0.207 g, 3.45 mmol) and the resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 15 h. The solution was cooled to 0 °C, sodium triacetoxy borohydride (0.74 g, 3.45 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. The reaction was monitored by LCMS After the completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and extracted with 10% methanol in DCM. The combined organic solvents were dried over anhydrous Na ₂ S0 ₄ and evaporated in vacuum resulting in the crude compound. The crude compound was purified by prep HPLC to afford the title compound as yellow solid. (100 mg, yield 37%).

[341] Step 2. Separation of Isomers to Yield N-((5R, 7R)-6-ethyl-5,7-dimethyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5- c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,5,6, 7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-2-yl)acetamide ( Compound 119) and N- ( ( 5S, 7S)-6-ethyl-5, 7-dimethyl-3-( thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,5,6, 7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3- c]pyridin-2-yl)acetamide (Compound 120).

Chiral Separation of enantiomers was completed on 120 mg scale to afford 20 mg each of both the enantiomers using a Chiralpak IA (250 x 4.6 mm,5 μιη) column, Mobile Phase A: 0.1% DEA in n-Hexane; Mobile Phase B: EtOH: MeOH (50:50);, A: B: 90: 10; Flow Rate: 1.0 ml/min.

[342] Example 18. Synthesis of N-(3-(4-methylthiazolor4,5-clpyridin-2-yl)-4 _< 5 _< 6J- tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-2-yl)acetamide (Compound 118)

[343] Step 1 : 2-(2-acetamido-6-( tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4, 5, 6, 7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c ]pyridin-3- yl)thiazolo [4, 5 -c] pyridine 5 -oxide

To a stirred solution of ieri-butyl 2-acetamido-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,7- dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate (1 g, 2.32 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) at 0°C was added m-CPBA (400 mg, 2.55 mmol) and stirred at room temperature for 16 h. Reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with solid NaHC0 ₃ and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo resulting in the crude compound which was purified by flash column chromatography to afford the title compound 1 as pale yellow solid (900 mg, 87% yield).

[344] Step 2: tert-butyl 2-acetamido-3-(4-methylthiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4, 7- dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate (2)

To a solution of 2-(2-acetamido-6-(ieri-butoxycarbonyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothi eno[2,3-c]pyridin- 3-yl)thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridine 5-oxide 1 (500 mg, 1.11 mmol) in anhydrous THF (10 mL) at 0 °C were added methyl magnesium bromide (2 mL, 6.00 mmol) and stirred at room temperature for 16 h. Reaction was monitored by TLC. After the completion of reaction the reaction mixture was quenched by the addition of saturated NH ₄ C1 solution and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered and concentrated to get a crude residue which was purified by silica gel column chromatography and further followed by preparative HPLC to afford the title compound as yellow solid (40 mg, 8% yield).

[345] Step 3: N-(3-(4-methylthiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydr othieno[2,3- ridin-2-yl)acetamide (Compound 118):

To a solution of ie/ -butyl 2-acetamido-3-(4-methylthiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,7- dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate 2 (40 mg, 0.09 mmol) in dioxane (1 mL) at 0 °C was added 4M HC1 in dioxane (1.5 mL) and the resulting mixture was stirred at room

temperature for 4 h. Reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, the reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness resulting in a crude residue which was purified by triturating with ether and pentane to afford the title compound as yellow solid (20 mg, 64% yield).

[346] Example 19. Synthesis of N-(6-(2-aminoethyl)-3-(thiazolo[4 _< 5-c]pyridin-2-yl)- 4 _< 5 _< 6,7-tetrahvdrothieno[2 _< 3-c]pyridin-2-yl)acetamide hydrochloride (Compound 121)

[347] Step 1: tert-butyl (2-(2-acetamido-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4, 7-dihydrothieno[2,3- c ]pyridin-6( 5H)-yl )ethyl )carbamate

To a stirred solution of N-(3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[ 2,3-c]pyridin- 2-yl)acetamide 1 (200 mg, 0.6 mmol) in DMF (10 niL) was added tert-butyl (2- bromoethyl)carbamate 2 (202 mg, 0.9 mmol) followed by potassium carbonate (248 mg, 1.8 mmol) at room temperature and the resulting solution was heated at 100 °C for 12 h. Reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, the reaction mass was diluted with water and ethyl acetate. The combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na ₂ S0 ₄ and concentrated to get a crude residue. The crude compound was purified by flash column chromatography to afford the title compound 3 as yellow solid (60 mg, 21% yield).

[348] Step 2: N-(6-(2-aminoethyl)-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,5,6,7- tetrahydrothieno[2,3- c ridin-2-yl)acetamide (Compound 121)

To a solution of tert-butyl (2-(2-acetamido-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,7- dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-6(5H)-yl)ethyl)carbamate 3 (60 mg, 0.12 mmol) in dioxane (3 mL) at 0 °C was added 4M HC1 in dioxane (3 mL) and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. Reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, the reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness resulting in a crude residue which was purified by triturating with ether and pentane to afford the HC1 salt of the title compound as yellow solid (30 mg, 61% yield).

[349] Example 20. Synthesis of (S)-3-(sec-butylamino)-N-(3-(thiazolo[4 _< 5-c]pyridin-2-yl)- 4,5,6 -tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c1pyridin-2-yl)propanamide (Compound 122)

Step 1: 2-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)acetonitrile:

Step-1

To a stirred solution of 3-aminopyridine-4-thiol 1 (1.5 g, 11.90 mmol) in ethanol (10 mL) malononitrile (0.79 g, 11.90 mmol) and acetic acid (10 mL) was added at room temperature. After the addition, the resulting mixture was heated to reflux at 80 °C for 12 h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, the reaction mass was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with saturated NaHC0 ₃ solution and brine. The combined organic layer was dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound 2 as yellow solid (3 g, crude).

[350] Step 2: tert-butyl 2-amino-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,7-dihydrothieno[2, 3- c ridine-6(5H)-carboxylate:

To a stirred solution of 2-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)acetonitrile (8 g, 45.71 mmol) in ethanol (80 mL), tert-buty\ 4-oxopiperidine-l-carboxylate (10.91 g, 54.85 mmol), elemental sulphur (1.75 g, 54.85 mmol) and morpholine (4.77 mL, 54.85 mmol) was added at room temperature. After the addition, the resulting mixture was heated to reflux at 80 °C for 3 h. Reaction was monitored by TLC. The reaction mixture was dried in vacuum and the crude compound was purified by triturating with methanol to afford the title compound as yellow solid (8 g, yield 45%).

[351] Step 3: tert-butyl 2-acrylamido-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4, 7-dihydrothieno[2,3- c ]pyridine-6( 5H)-carboxylate( 4 ):

To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 2-amino-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,7-dihydrothieno[2, 3- c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate 3 (1 g, 2.57 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) at 0°C, N-methyl morpholine (0.8 mL, 6.44 mmol) was added and stirred at same temperature for 10 min. To this solution, 3- chloropropanoyl chloride (0.4 g, 3.86 mmol) was added at 0°C and the resulting mixture was stirred at 0°C for 2 h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, the reaction mass was diluted with DCM and washed with saturated NaHC0 ₃ solution and brine. The combined organic layer was dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered and concentrated to get a crude residue. This crude compound was purified by silica gel column chromatography eluting with 0- 5% MeOH/DCM to afford the title compound 4 as brown oil (0.9 g, yield 40%).

[352] Step 4: tert-butyl (S)-2-(3-(sec-butylamino)propanamido)-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyri din-2-yl)- -dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate:

To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 2-acrylamido-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,7- dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate 4 (0.5 g, 1.13 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL), (S)- butan-2-amine (0.165 g, 2.26 mmol) was added and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, the reaction mass was concentrated to get a crude residue. This crude compound was purified by prep. HPLC to afford the title compound as yellow solid (0.1 g, yield 17.2%).

[353] Step 5: (S)-3-(sec-butylamino)-N-(3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4, 5,6,7- tetrah drothieno[2,3-c] ridin-2- l ro anamide Com oun

To a solution of tert-butyl (S)-2-(3-(sec-butylamino)propanamido)-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyri din-2- yl)-4,7-dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate 5 (0.1 g, 0.19 mmol) in dioxane (1 mL) at 0 °C was added 4M HQ in dioxane (1 mL) and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness and the resulting in a crude residue which was purified by trituration in ether to afford the title compound as yellow solid (0.1 g, HC1 salt, 91% yield).

[354] Example 21. Synthesis of Compounds 123-215.

[355] In the synthesis schemes below R is selected from -Ci-C ₄ alkyl, -Ci-C ₄ alkylene-O- alkyl, -Ci-C ₄ alkylene-C(0)-0-alkyl, -Ci-C ₄ alkylene-cycloalkyl, -cycloalkyl, -heterocyclyl, -Ci- C ₄ alkylene-heterocyclyl, -Ci-C ₄ alkylene-heteroaryl, and -Ci-C ₄ alkylene-aryl.

[356] Step 1. tert-butyl 2-(prop-2-enoylamino)-3-thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl-5,7-dihy dro-4H- thieno[2,3-c ] ridine-6-carbox lat

To a solution of tert-butyl 2-amino-3-thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl-5,7-dihydro-4H-thieno[ 2,3-c] pyridine-6-carboxylate (6.80 g, 17.50 mmol, 1.00 eq) in DCM (20.00 mL) and NMM (3.54 g, 35.00 mmol, 2.00 eq) was added prop-2-enoyl chloride (2.22 g, 24.50 mmol, 1.40 eq), The mixture was stirred at 0°C for 3 hours. The starting material was consumed and the desired compound was detected by LCMS and then concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. Compound (7.50 g, crude) was obtained as a yellow solid and used directly.

[357] Ste 2. General Procedure r Preparation of the Library

A mixture of ieri-butyl-2-acrylamido-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,7- dihydrothieno[2,3- c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate (150.00 mg, 0.44mmol, 1.00 eq), an appropriate amine

(NH(R ^13a )(R ¹⁶ ); 1.20 eq) and NMM (2.00 eq) in MeCN (4.00 mL) was stirred at 45°C for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford a crude residue. The crude product was purified by preparative HPLC to give the Boc-protected product, wherein variables R ¹⁶ and R ^13a are defined herein.

358] Step 3. Deprotection of the Boc-Protected Products

A solution of the Boc-protected product from the previous step in DCM/TFA (2.00 mL, 8/1) was stirred at 25 °C for 2 hour. LC-MS indicated complete reaction, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the crude product was purified by preparative HPLC to give the final compound.

[359] Example 22. Synthesis of 3-((2-methoxyethyl)amino)-N-(3-(thiazolo[4 _< 5-c]pyridin-2- yl)-4 _< 5 _< 6,7-tetrahvdrothieno[2 _< 3-c]pyridin-2-yl)propanamide (Compound 216)

[360] Step 1: tert-butyl 2-(3-((2-methoxyethyl)amino)propanamido)-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]p yridin-

2-yl)-4, 7-dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate:

To a solution of tert-butyl 2-acrylamido-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,7-dihydrothie no[2,3- c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate 1 (0.2 g, 0.452 mmol) in MeOH (4 mL), 2-methoxyethan- 1 -amine (0.051 g, 0.678 mmol) was added. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at room

temperature for 12 h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. The crude compound was purified by prep. HPLC to afford the title compound as yellow solid (0.065 g, yield 28%).

[361] Step 2: 3-((2-methoxyethyl)amino)-N-(3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl) -4, 5,6, 7- tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-2-yl)propanamide ( Compound 216):

To a solution of tert-butyl 2-(3-((2-methoxyethyl)amino)propanamido)-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]p yridin- 2-yl)-4,7-dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate 2 (0.065 g, 0.125 mmol) in dioxane (1 mL) at 0 °C was added 4M HCl in dioxane (2 mL). After the addition, the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, the reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuum resulting in a crude residue which was purified by trituration in ether and pentane to afford the HCl salt of the title compound as yellow solid (0.03 g, yield 49.2%).

[362] Example 23. Synthesis of (R)-3-(sec-butylamino)-N-(3-(thiazolo[4 _< 5-c1pyridin-2-yl)- 4,5,6 -tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c1pyridin-2-yl)propanamide (Compound 217)

[363] Step 1: tert-butyl (R)-2-(3-(sec-butylamino)propanamido)-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyri din-2- -4, 7-dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6( 5H)-carboxylate:

To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 2-acrylamido-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,7- dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate SJMC0117-S Int-4 (4.3 g, 9.72 mmol) in MeOH: DMF (20: 20 mL), (R)-butan-2-amine (1.06 g, 14.5 mmol) was added and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, the reaction mass was concentrated to get a crude residue. This crude compound was purified by column chromatography on neutral silica gel eluting with 2-8% methanol in DCM to afford the title compound as yellow solid (3 g, yield 60%).

[364] Step-2: (R)-3-(sec-butylamino)-N-(3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4, 5,6, 7- tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-2-yl)propanamide ( Compound 217):

To a solution of tert-butyl (R)-2-(3-(sec-butylamino)propanamido)-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyri din-2- yl)-4,7-dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate 1 (3 g, 5.81 mmol) in dioxane (10 mL) at 0 °C was added 4M HC1 in dioxane (30 mL) and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness and the resulting in the crude residue which was purified by trituration in pentane and diethyl ether to afford the HC1 salt of the title compound as yellow solid (2.5 g, 88% yield).

[365] Example 24. Synthesis of 3-((2-(pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)amino)-N-(3-(thiazolo[4 _< 5- c1pyridin-2-yl)-4 _< 5 _< 6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2 _< 3-c1pyridin-2-yl)propanamide (Compound 218)

[366] Step 1: tert-butyl 2-(3-((2-(pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)amino)propanamido)-3-(thiazolo[ 4,5- c]pyridin-2-yl)-4, 7-dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate:

To a solution of tert-butyl 2-acrylamido-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,7-dihydrothie no[2,3- c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate 1 (0.3 g, 0.678 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL), 2-(pyridin-3-yl)ethan-l- amine (0.124 g, 1.018 mmol) was added. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. The crude residue was purified by trituration with diethyl ether and pentane to afford the title compound as yellow solid (0.065 g, 17% yield). [367] Step 2: 3-((2-(pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)amino)-N-(3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridi n-2-yl)-4, 5,6, 7- tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-2-yl)propanamide ( Compound 218):

To a solution of tert-butyl 2-(3-((2-(pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)amino)propanamido)-3-(thiazolo[ 4,5- c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,7-dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carbo xylate 2 (0.065 g, 0.115 mmol) in dioxane (1 mL) at 0 °C was added 4M HCl in dioxane (2 mL). After the addition, the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, the reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuum resulting in a crude residue which was purified by trituration in ether and pentane to afford the title compound as yellow solid (0.058 g, yield 95.1%).

[368] Example 25. Synthesis of 3-(dimethylamino)-N-(3-(thiazolo[4 _< 5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-

4,5,6 -tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c1pyridin-2-yl)propanamide (Compound 219)

[369] Step 1: tert-butyl 2-(3-(dimethylamino)propanamido)-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2 -yl)-4, 7- dih drothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate:

To a solution of tert-butyl 2-acrylamido-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,7-dihydrothie no[2,3- c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate 1 (0.3 g, 0.678 mmol) in MeOH (6 mL), dimethylamine (2M in THF, 2.03 mL, 1.01 mmol) was added. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. The crude compound was purified by prep. HPLC to afford the title compound as yellow solid (0.16 g, yield 48.5%). [370] Step 2: 3-(dimethylamino)-N-(3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)- tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-2-yl)propanamide ( Compound 219):

To a solution of tert-butyl 2-(3-(dimethylamino)propanamido)-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2 -yl)- 4,7-dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate 2 (0.16 g, 0.328 mmol) in dioxane (1 mL) at 0 °C was added 4M HC1 in dioxane (2 mL). After the addition, the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, the reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuum resulting in a crude residue which was purified by trituration with diethyl ether and pentane to afford the title compound as yellow solid (0.07 g, yield 55.11%).

[371] Example 26. Synthesis of 3-(cvclopropylamino)-N-(3-(thiazolo[4 _< 5-c]pyridin-2-yl)- 4,5,6 -tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c1pyridin-2-yl)propanamide (Compound 221)

[372] Step 1: 2-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)acetonitrile:

To a stirred solution of 3-aminopyridine-4-thiol 1 (2 g, 15.87 mmol) in EtOH (20 mL) was added malononitrile (1.05 g, 15.87 mmol) and acetic acid (2 mL). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at 85 °C for 16 h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, the reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuum, diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na ₂ S0 ₄ ; filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound as yellow solid (2.7g crude).

[373] Step 2: tert-butyl 2-amino-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,7-dihydrothieno[2, 3- c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate:

To a solution of 2-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)acetonitrile 2 (2.7 g, 15.42 mmol) in ethanol (20 mL) was added tert-butyl 4-oxopiperidine-l-carboxylate (3.1 g, 15.42 mmol), elemental sulphur (493 mg, 15.42 mmol) and morpholine (1.3 g, 15.42 mmol) at room temperature. After the addition, the resulting mixture was heated to reflux at 85 °C for 16 h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, the reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuum, the crude compound was purified by silica gel column chromatography eluting with 5-10% methanol in DCM to afford the title compound as yellow solid (2 g, yield 34%).

[374] Step 3: tert-butyl 2-acrylamido-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4, 7-dihydrothieno[2,3- c ridine-6(5H)-carboxylate:

To a solution of tert-butyl 2-amino-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,7-dihydrothieno[2, 3- c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate 3 (1 g, 2.57 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) at 0 ^° C was added NMM (1.1 mL, mmol), 3-chloropropanoyl chloride (0.62 mL, 6.44 mmol). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na ₂ S0 ₄ ; filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound 4 (500 mg, yield 44%).

[375] Step 4: tert-butyl 2-(3-(cyclopropylamino)propanamido)-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridi n-2-yl)- 4,7-dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate:

To a solution of tert-butyl 2-acrylamido-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,7-dihydrothie no[2,3- c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate 4 (250 mg, 0.565 mmol) in methanol: DMF (1: 1, 4 mL) was added cyclopropyl amine (0.08 mL, 1.13 mmol). After the addition, the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. After completion (monitored by TLC), the reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuum resulting in the crude compound which was purified by silica gel column chromatography eluting with 0-5% methanol in DCM to afford the title compound as a yellow solid (160 mg, 57% yield).

[376] Step 5: 3-(cyclopropylamino)-N-(3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4, 5,6,7- tetrah drothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-2-yl)propanamide ( Compound 221 ):

To a solution of tert-butyl 2-(3-(cyclopropylamino)propanamido)-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridi n-2- yl)-4,7-dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate 5 (0.15 g, 0.30 mmol) in dioxane (2 mL) at 0 °C was added 4M HC1 in dioxane (2 mL). After the addition, the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuum, washed with diethyl ether and filtered resulting in the crude compound which was purified by preparative HPLC to afford the formate salt of the title compound as a yellow solid (8 mg, 6% yield).

[377] Example 27. Synthesis of 3-(cvclobutylamino)-N-(3-(thiazolo[4 _< 5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-

4,5,6 -tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c1pyridin-2-yl)propanamide (Compound 222)

[378] Step 1: tert-butyl 2-(3-(cyclobutylamino)propanamido)-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin -2-yl)-

4,7-dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate:

To a solution of tert-butyl 2-acrylamido-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,7-dihydrothie no[2,3- c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate (250 mg, 0.565 mmol) in methanol: DMF (5: 1 mL) was added cyclobutyl amine (0.09 mL, 1.11 mmol). After the addition, the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. After completion (monitored by TLC), the reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuum resulting in the crude compound which was purified by silica gel column chromatography eluting with 0-5% methanol in DCM to afford the title compound as a yellow solid (130 mg, 45% yield).

[379] Step 2: 3-(cyclobutylamino)-N-(3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4, 5,6, 7- tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-2-yl)propanamide ( Compound 222):

To a solution of tert-butyl 2-(3-(cyclobutylamino)propanamido)-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin -2-yl)- 4,7-dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate 5 (0.15 g, 0.23 mmol) in dioxane (2 mL) at 0 °C was added 4M HCl in dioxane (2 mL). After the addition, the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuum, washed with diethyl ether and filtered resulting in the crude compound which was purified by preparative HPLC to afford the formate salt of the title compound as a brown solid (10 mg, 9% yield).

[380] Example 28. Synthesis of 3-(Azetidin-3-ylamino)-N-(3-(thiazolo[4 _< 5-c]pyridin-2-yl)- 4,5,6 -tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c1pyridin-2-yl)propanamide (Compound 223) [381] Step 1: tert-Butyl 2-(3-(azetidin-3-ylamino)propanamido)-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyri din-2- yl)-4, 7-dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6( 5H)-carboxylate

To a solution of 2-(6-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2-(3-(isopropylamino)propanamido) -4, 5,6,7- tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-3-yl)thiazole-4-carboxylic acid 1 (200 mg, 0.452 mmol) in MeOH: DMF (1: 1, 4 mL) was added tert-butyl 3-aminoazetidine-l-carboxylate (154 mg, 0.904 mmol). After the addition, the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. After completion (monitored by TLC), the reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness resulting in a crude residue as thick oil. The crude compound was purified by silica gel column

chromatography eluting with 0-5% methanol in DCM to afford the title compound as brown semi- solid (200 mg, 72% yield).

[382] Step 2: 3-(Azetidin-3-ylamino)-N-(3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4, 5,6,7- tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-2-yl)propanamide ( Compound 223)

To a solution of tert-butyl 2-(3-(azetidin-3-ylamino)propanamido)-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyri din-2- yl)-4,7-dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate 2 (100 mg, 0.162 mmol) in dioxane (1 mL) at 0 °C was added 4M HCl in dioxane (2 mL). After the addition, the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness and the resulting in a crude residue was purified by trituration in diethyl ether and pentane to afford the HCl salt of the title compound as yellow solid (70 mg HCl salt, 82% yield).

[383] Example 29. Synthesis of 3-(Methylamino)-N-(3-(thiazolo[4 _< 5-c1pyridin-2-yl)-4,5 _< 6J- tetrahvdrothieno[2,3-c1pyridin-2-yl)propanamide (Compound 224) [384] Step 1: tert-Butyl 2-(3-(methylamino)propanamido)-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-y l)-4, 7- dih drothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate:

To a solution of tert-butyl 2-acrylamido-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,7-dihydrothie no[2,3- c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate (200 mg, 0.452 mmol) in MeOH (2 mL) was added IM solution of methyl amine in THF (0.9 mL, 0.904 mmol). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. The crude compound was purified by column chromatography eluting with 0-5% methanol in CH ₂ CI ₂ to afford the title compound as off white solid (80 mg, yield 39%).

[385] Step 2: 3-(Methylamino)-N-(3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,5,6,7-t etrahydrothieno[2,3- c ridin-2-yl)propanamide (Compound 224):

To a solution of tert-butyl 2-(3-(methylamino)propanamido)-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-y l)-4,7- dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate 1 (80 mg, 0.168 mmol) in dioxane (2 mL) at 0 °C was added 4M HC1 in dioxane (1 mL). After the addition, the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuum resulting in a crude residue which was purified by trituration with methanol. The solid obtained was filtered and washed with diethyl ether and n-pentane to afford the HC1 salt of the title compound as yellow solid (75 mg, HC1 salt, yield 40%). [386] Example 30. Synthesis of N-(3-(4 _< 6-dimethylthiazolor4,5-clpyridin-2-yl)-4 _< 5 _< 6J- tetrahvdrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-2-yl)acetamide hydrochloride (Compound 228) and Structurally Related Compounds.

387] Step 1. 4-Chloro-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-amine

In a 2000 mL round-bottom flask was dissolved 4-chloro-2,6-dimethyl-3-nitropyridine (25.0 g, 134.0 mmol) in Et ₂ 0 (450 mL). Using an addition funnel, a solution of tin(II) chloride dihydrate (15.1 g, 669.9 mmol) in 37% HCl (134 mL, 1608 mmol) was added at 0-20 °C over 1 h. The resulting suspension was stirred for 3 h at 20 °C and water (150 mL) was added. Most of Et ₂ 0 was removed under reduced pressure and the resulting suspension was cooled at 0°C. The solid was filtered on Biichner and rinsed with cold water to afford the HCl salt of the desired compound (25.0 g) as a beige solid. A second crop (5.0 g) was obtained from the mother liquor. Both fraction were combined and suspended in MeOH (100 mL). A solution of NH ₄ OH (28% in water, 500 mL) was added and the resulting mixture was extracted with DCM (4 x 100 mL). Combined organic layers were washed with brine (150 mL), dried over anhydrous MgS0 ₄ , filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound (14.9 g, 71% crude yield) as a yellow oil, which was used in the next step without further purification.

[388] Step 2. 4,6-Dimethylthiazolo[4,5-c]pyridine-2(3H)-thione

In a 2000 mL round-bottom flask equipped with a condenser under nitrogen were added 4- chloro-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-amine (14.9 g, 95.2 mmol), potassium ethyl xanthate (30.5 g, 190.3 mmol) and NMP (270 mL). The mixture was heated in a 150 °C oil bath for 3.5 h and it was allowed to cool down at 20 °C. Using a pH-meter, the solution was acidified to pH 1.4 with IN HCl (400 mL). The mixture was washed with DCM (3 x 100 mL) and the pH of the aqueous layer was adjusted 6.6 with 5N NaOH (80 mL). The resulting suspension was filtered and the solid was rinsed with water (50 mL). Residual water was removed on high vacuum to afford the title compound (15.3 g, 82% crude yield) as a pale orange solid, which was used in the next step without further purification.

[389] Step 3. 2-Chloro-4,6-dimethylthiazolo[4,5-c]pyridine

In a 2000 mL round-bottom flask under nitrogen were added DMF (13.8 mL, 178.3 mmol) and DCE (510 mL). Oxalyl chloride (15.1 mL, 178.3 mmol) was added dropwise at 0 °C and the white suspension was allowed to stir at 20 °C for 1 h. 4,6-Dimethylthiazolo[4,5-c]pyridine- 2(3H)-thione (14.0 g, 71.3 mmol) was then added directly to the reaction mixture and the flask was mounted with a condenser. The suspension was heated in a 90 °C oil bath for 2.5 h and it was allowed to cool down at 20 °C. After cooling at 0 °C, the suspension was filtered and the solid was rinsed with DCE (75 mL). The HC1 salt of the desired product was suspended in MeOH (25 mL) and EtOAc (250 mL). An aqueous solution of NaHC0 ₃ (350 mL) and water (100 mL) were added and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (75 mL), dried over anhydrous MgS0 ₄ , filtered and concentrated. Trituration of the crude material with DCM (2 x 10 mL) followed by the removal of a volatile impurity on high vacuum afforded the title compound (13.1 g, 92%) as a brown solid.

390] Step 4. 2-(4,6-Dimethylthiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)acetonitrile

In a 1000 mL round-bottom flask equipped with a temperature probe were added NaHMDS (109 mL, 108.7 mmol) and THF (120 mL) under nitrogen. The solution was cooled at -60 °C. MeCN (5.7 mL, 108.7 mmol) was added dropwise and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 50 min. A solution of 2-chloro-4,6-dimethylthiazolo[4,5-c]pyridine (7.20 g, 36.2 mmol) in THF (50 mL) was then cannulated to the reaction flask over 5 min and the resulting mixture was stirred at -35/-60 °C for 40 min. A saturated aqueous solution of NH ₄ C1 (500 mL) and water (100 mL) were then added. The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 100 mL) and the combined organic layers were washed with an aqueous solution of NH ₄ C1 (250 mL), water (200 mL), brine (200 mL), dried over anhydrous MgS0 ₄ , filtered and concentrated. Trituration of the crude material with EtOAc (2 x 5 mL) afforded the title compound (6.73 g, 91%) as a brown solid.

[391] Step 5. tert-Butyl 2-amino-3-(4,6-dimethylthiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,5- dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(7H)-carboxylate

2-(4,6-Dimethylthiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)acetonitrile (6.73 g, 33.1 mmol), N-Boc-4-piperidone (6.60 g, 33.1 mmol) and sulfur (1.06 g, 33.1 mmol) were charged in a 1000 mL round-bottom flask equipped with a condenser under nitrogen. EtOH (220 mL) and morpholine (2.9 mL, 33.1 mmol) were successively added and the resulting mixture was stirred 14 h in a 90 °C oil bath. The obtained suspension was allowed to cool down at 20 °C and the solid was filtered on Buchner, rinsed with cold EtOH and air dried to afford the title compound (12.4 g, 90%) as a light beige solid.

[392] Step 6. tert-Butyl 2-acetamido-3-(4,6-dimethylbenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-4, 5- dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(7H)-carboxylate

tert-Butyl 2-amino-3-(4,6-dimethylthiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,5-dihy drothieno[2,3- c]pyridine-6(7H)-carboxylate (5.00 g, 12.0 mmol), DMAP (4.40 g, 36.0 mmol), DCE (92 mL) and acetic anhydride (2.3 mL, 24.0 mmol) were successively added in a 250 mL round-bottom flask equipped with a condenser. The reaction mixture was stirred in a 90 °C oil bath for 2 h. The resulting solution was allowed to cool down at 20 °C and N,N-dimethylethylenediamine (2 mL) was added. After 30 min, the suspension was dissolved with DCM (400 mL) and the mixture was washed with a saturated solution of aqueous NH ₄ C1 (2 x 150 mL), a saturated aqueous solution of NaHC0 ₃ (100 mL), brine (100 mL), dried over anh. MgS0 ₄ , filtrated and concentrated. Trituration of the crude material with Et ₂ 0 (50 mL) afforded the title compound (5.30 g, 96%) as a light yellow solid.

[393] Step 7. N-(3-(4,6-Dimethylthiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,5,6, 7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3- c ridin-2-yl)acetamide (Compound 228)

A solution of HCI (4 N in dioxane, 65 mL, 261.7 mmol) was added to a solution of tert-butyl 2- acetamido-3-(4,6-dimethylbenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-4,5-dihydroth ieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(7H)- carboxylate (4.00 g, 8.72 mmol) in DCM (79 mL) and MeOH (79 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at 20 °C for 4 h and it was diluted with Et ₂ 0 (50 mL). The precipitated solid was collected by filtration and washed with Et ₂ 0. Recrystallization of the material (water/isopropanol) afforded the title compound (2.23 g, 65%) as a yellowish solid.

[394] Similar protocols were used to synthesize N-(3-(4,6-Dimethylthiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2- yl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-2-yl)-3-(isopropy lamino)propanamide dihydrochloride (Compound 225), N-(3-(4,6-Dimethylthiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetra hydrothieno[2,3- c]pyridin-2-yl)-3-((2-methoxyethyl)amino)propanamide dihydrochloride (Compound 227), and, starting from 2-chlorothiazolo[4,5-b]pyridine, 3-(isopropylamino)-N-(3-(thiazolo[4,5-b]pyridin- 2-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-2-yl)propanamid e dihydrochloride (Compound 220). The final deprotection of all compounds was been performed using 4N HCI in dioxane to afford the title compound.

[395] Example 31. Synthesis of (R)-N-(6-ethyl-7-methyl-3-(thiazolo[4 _< 5-c]pyridin-2-yl)- 4,5,6 -tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-2-yl)acetamide (Compound 229), (R)-N-(6-ethyl-5- methyl-3-(thiazolo[4 _< 5-c1pyridin-2-yl)-4 _< 5 _< 6,7-tetrahvdrothieno[2 _< 3-c]pyridin-2- vDacetamide (Compound 230), (S)-N-(6-ethyl-5-methyl-3-(thiazolo[4 _< 5-c1pyridin-2-yl)- 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-2-yl)acetamide (Compound 231), and (S)-N-(6-ethyl- 7-methyl-3-(thiazolo[4 _< 5-c1pyridin-2-yl)-4 _< 5 _< 6,7-tetrahvdrothieno[2 _< 3-c]pyridin-2- vDacetamide (Compound 232). [396] Step 1: tert-butyl-2-amino-5-methyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl) 4, 7- dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate and tert-butyl 2-amino-7-methyl-3- (thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4, 7- dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate

To a solution of 2-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)acetonitrile 1 (0.5 g, 2.85 mmol) in ethanol (10 mL) was added tert-butyl 2-methyl-4-oxopiperidine-l-carboxylate 2 (0.61 g, 2.85 mmol), elemental sulphur (91 mg, 2.85 mmol) and morpholine (0.24 mg, 2.85 mmol) at room

temperature and the resulting reaction mixture was heated to reflux at 85 °C for 3 h. Reaction was monitored by TLC. After the completion, reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness on rotavapour and the crude compound was triturated in methanol and dried to afford the mixture of title compounds as brown solid (1.3 g crude).

[397] Step 2: tert-butyl 2-acetamido-5-methyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,7- dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate and tert-butyl 2-acetamido-7-methyl-3- (thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4, 7-dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate

To a solution of the mixture of products from Step 1 (1.2 g, 2.98 mmol) in THF (10 mL) at 0 °C was added DIPEA (1.02 mL, 5.97 mmol) followed by acetic anhydride (0.45 mL, 4.47 mmol) at room temperature. Reaction mixture was heated under reflux for next 16 h. Reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, the reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness on rota vapour and the resulting residue was taken in 10% MeOH/CH ₂ Cl ₂ solution and washed with saturated NaHC0 ₃ solution and brine. The separated organic layer was dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered and concentrated in vacuum to get a crude residue which was purified by silica gel column chromatography eluting with 0-5% methanol in CH ₂ CI ₂ to afford the mixture of title compounds as yellow solid (1.0 g, 76% yield).

[398] Step 3: N-(5-methyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,5,6, 7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3- c]pyridin-2-yl)acetamide hydrochloride and N-(7-methyl-3-( thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,5,6, 7- tetrahydrothieno[2 3-c]pyridin-2-yl)acetamide hydrochloride

To a solution of the mixture of compounds from Step 2 (1.0 g, 2.25 mmol) in dioxane (10 mL) at 0 °C was added 4M HC1 in dioxane (10 mL) and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 h. After completion of the reaction (monitored by TLC), the reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness on rotavapour and residue was purified by trituration in ether and pentane to give mixture of title compounds as HC1 salts (800 mg, 96% yield).

[399] Step 4: N-( 6-ethyl-5-methyl-3-( thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,5,6, 7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3- c]pyridin-2-yl)acetamide and N-( 6-ethyl-7-methyl-3-( thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,5,6, 7- tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-2-yl)acetamide.

To the solution of products from Step 3 (500 mg, 1.34 mmol) in CH ₂ CI ₂ (10 mL) triethylamine (0.28 mL, 2.02 mmol) was added. Reaction was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. Followed by addition of acetic acid (0.16 mL, 2.69 mmol) and acetaldehyde (0.11 g, 2.69 mmol) to the reaction mixture at room temperature and stirred for 2 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 10 to 15 °C and sodium triacetoxyborohydride (1.09 g, 4.05 mmol) was added. Reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The reaction was monitored by TLC. After the completion, the reaction mixture was diluted with water (15 mL) and extracted with

dichloromethane (3 x 10 mL). The combined organic solvents were dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ and evaporated in vacuum resulting in the crude compound. The crude compound was purified using silica gel flash column chromatography eluting with 0-5 % methanol in CH ₂ CI ₂ to afford mixture of title compounds (300 mg, yield 60%) as yellow solid.

[400] This mixture of compounds was purified by chiral preparative HPLC separation (YMC CHIRALART- CELLULOSE SC; 250mm*4.6mm*5um; Mobile Phase: A: n- Hexane+0.1%TEA; B: ETOH: DCM(85: 15)+0.1%TEA; Flow rate: l.Oml/min; Isocratic: 30%B) to afford Compound 231 (20 mg), Compound 230 (27 mg), Compound 229 (53 mg) and

Compound 232 (56 mg).

[401] Example 32. Synthesis of (S)-3-(Benzyl(sec-butyl)amino)-N-(3-(thiazolo[4 _< 5- c1pyridin-2-yl)-4 _< 5 _< 6,7-tetrahvdrothieno[2 _< 3-c]pyridin-2-yl)propanamide hydrochloride (Compound 233)

402] Step 1: (S)-N-benzylbutan-2 -amine.

To a solution of (S) 2-amino butane 1 (0.13 g, 1.88 mmol) in CH ₂ CI ₂ (15 mL) at 0 °C was added benzaldehyde (0.1 g, 9.43 mmol) followed by acetic acid (0.1 mL) at room temperature.

Reaction was stirred at room temperature for 2 hr. Sodium triacetoxy borohydride (0.6g, 2.83 mmol) was added at 10 °C. Reaction was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with saturated solution of sodium carbonate and extracted with ethyl acetate (thrice). The combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na ₂ S0 ₄ ; filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound as colourless oil (0.1 g, 66.6%).

[403] Step 2: tert-Butyl (S)-2-(3-(benzyl(sec-butyl)amino)propanamido)-3-(thiazolo[4, 5- c]pyridin-2-yl)-4, -dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate:

To a solution of tert-butyl 2-acrylamido-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,7-dihydrothie no[2,3- c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate 3 (200 mg, 0.45 mmol) in MeOH: DMF (1: 1, 10 niL) was added (S)-N-benzylbutan-2-amine (2) (148 mg, 0.902 mmol). The resulting reaction mixture was heated at 50 °C for 16 h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure to obtain crude product. The crude compound was purified by column chromatography eluting with 0-5% methanol in CH ₂ CI ₂ to afford the title compound as yellow solid (200 mg, yield 74%).

[404] Step 3: (S)-3-(benzyl(sec-butyl)amino)-N-(3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin- 2-yl)-4,5,6, 7- tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-2-yl)propanamide hydrochloride (Compound 233):

To a solution of tert-butyl (S)-2-(3-(benzyl(sec-butyl)amino)propanamido)-3-(thiazolo[4, 5- c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,7-dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carbo xylate (4) (30 mg, 0.049 mmol) in dioxane (1 mL) at 0 °C was added 4M HC1 in dioxane (1 mL). After the addition, the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuum resulting in a crude residue which was purified by trituration with methanol. The solid obtained was filtered and washed with diethyl ether and n-pentane to afford the HC1 salt of the title compound as yellow solid (25 mg, yield 78%).

[405] Example 33. Synthesis of 3-(((S)-sec-butyl)amino)-N-((S)-4-methyl-3-(thiazolo[4 _< 5- c1pyridin-2-yl)-4 _< 5 _< 6,7-tetrahvdrothieno[2 _< 3-c]pyridin-2-yl)propanamide (Compound 240) and 3-(((S)-sec-butyl)amino)-N-((S)-7-methyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c1p yridin-2-yl)-4 _< 5 _< 6J- tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c1pyridin-2-yl)propanamide (Compound 234)

[406] Stepl: tert-Butyl (S)-2-amino-5-methyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4, 7- dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate and tert-Butyl (S )-2-amino-7-methyl-3 -

(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4, 7-dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate.

To a solution of 2-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)acetonitrile (2.0 g, 11.4 mmol), elemental sulphur (0.36 g, 11.4 mmol) and morpholine (0.99 mL, 11.4 mmol) in ethanol (20 mL) was added tert- butyl (S)-2-methyl-4-oxopiperidine-l-carboxylate (2.43 g, 11.4 mmol) at room temperature and the resulting reaction mixture was heated to reflux at 85 °C for 3 h. Reaction was monitored by TLC. After the completion, reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness on rotavapour and the crude compound was purified by silica gel column chromatography. Product was eluted in 5% methanol in CH ₂ CI ₂ to afford the pure title compounds as brown solid (5.0 g, qunt.%).

[407] Step-2: tert-butyl (S)-2-acrylamido-5-methyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4, 7- dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate and tert-butyl (S)-2-acrylamido-7-methyl-3- (thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4, 7-dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate.

To a solution of mixture of the products from step 1 (1.0 g, 2.48 mmol) in CH ₂ CI ₂ (10 mL) at 0°C was added N-methyl morpholine (0.62 g, 6.21 mmol) Followed by 3-chloro propionyl chloride (0.47 g, 3.73 mmol). Reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h.

Reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, the reaction mixture was diluted with CH ₂ CI ₂ and washed with saturated NaHC0 ₃ solution and brine. The separated organic layer was dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered and concentrated in vacuum. Crude compound was purified by silica gel column chromatography. Product was eluted in 5% methanol in CH ₂ CI ₂ to afford the title compounds as brown solids (0.5 g, 98%).

[408] Step3: tert-Butyl (S)-2-(3-(((S)-sec-butyl)amino)propanamido)-5-methyl-3-(thia zolo[4,5- c]pyridin-2-yl)-4, 7-dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate and tert-Butyl (S)-2-(3- (((S)-sec-butyl)amino)propanamido)-7-methyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5- c]pyridin-2-yl)-4, 7- dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate.

To a solution of a mixture of the products from step 2 (0.2 g, 0.43 mmol) in MeOH ( 2 mL) was added (S)-2-aminobutane (0.0075 mL, 0.657 mmol). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. The crude residue was dissolved in CH ₂ CI ₂ and washed with water. The combined organic layers were dried with anhydrous Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered and concentrated to get a crude residue. This crude compound was purified by silica gel column chromatography eluting with 0-10% methanol in CH ₂ C1 ₂ to afford title compounds as yellow solid (0.2 g, yield 86.9%).

[409] Step5: 3-(((S)-sec-butyl)amino)-N-((S)-4-methyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]p yridin-2-yl)-4, 5,6,7- tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-2-yl)propanamide (Compound 240) and 3-(((S)-sec- butyl)amino)-N-((S)-7-methyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl) -4,5,6, 7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3- c]pyridin-2-yl)propanamide (Compound 234).

To a solution of mixture of products from step 4 (200 mg, 0.378 mmol) in dioxane (1 mL) at 0 °C was added 4M HC1 in dioxane (5 mL). After the addition, the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuum resulting in a crude residue which was purified by triturating with methanol. The solid obtained was filtered and washed with diethyl ether and n-pentane to afford a mixture of title compounds as yellow solid (180 mg). This mixture of compounds was purified by preparative HPLC separation (Column: YMC CHIRAL AMYLOSE-SA, 250mm*4.6mm,5um; Mobile Phase: A: 0.1%TEA in n-hexane; B: 0.1%TEA in ETOH:DCM (85: 15); Flow rate: 1.0 ml/min; Isocratic 50% B) to afford Compound 240 (25 mg, 12.5%) and Compound 234 (11.6 mg, 5.84%) as yellow solids.

[410] Example 34. Synthesis of N-((5RJR)-3-(4-(difluoromethyl)thiazolo[4 _< 5-c]pyridin-2- yl)-6-ethyl-5 _< 7-dimethyl-4 _< 5 _< 6,7-tetrahvdrothieno[2 _< 3-c1pyridin-2-yl)acetamide (Compound

N (5R,7R)-6-ethyl-5,7-dimethyl-3-thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl-5 ,7-dihydro-4H-thieno[2,3- c]pyridin-2-yl]acetamide (5 mg, 0.0100 mmol) and bis(difluoromethylsulfinyloxy)zinc (15.29 mg, 0.0500 mmol) were dissolved in DMSO (150 uL). 2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid (1 DL, 0.0100 mmol) was added, followed by tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (0.1 mL, 0.1000 mmol) and the reaction was stirred in a capped vial at 20 °C for 2 hours. LC/MS indicated complete reaction and the reaction mixture was purified by reverse phase MPLC (CI 8, 0-100% MeCN in H20, 0.1% TFA) to afford N-[(5R,7R)-3-[4-(difluoromethyl)thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl] -6-ethyl-5,7-dimethyl-5,7- dihydro-4H-thieno[2,3-c]pyridin-2-yl]acetamide (2.1 mg, 0.0048 mmol, 37.188 % yield) as a yellow solid.

[411] Example 35. Synthesis of tert-butyl (5R,7S)-2-acetamido-5 _< 7-dimethyl-3- (thiazolo[4 _< 5-c1pyridin-2-yl)-4 _< 7-dihydrothieno[2 _< 3-c1pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate and tert- butyl Compound 237) and (5S,7R)-2-acetamido-5 _< 7-dimethyl-3-(thiazolo[4 _< 5-c1pyridin-2- yl)-4 _< 7-dihvdrothieno[2 _< 3-clPyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate (Compound 236)

[412] Step 1: N-( 5, 7-dimethyl-3-( thiazolo[4, 5-c ]pyridin-2-yl)-4, 5, 6, 7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3- c ]pyridin-2-yl )acetamide

To a solution of tert-butyl 2-acetamido-5,7-dimethyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,7 - dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate 6 (0.5 g, 1.09 mmol) in dioxane (5 mL) at 0 °C was added 4M HC1 in dioxane (5 mL). After the addition, the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness and the resulting in a crude residue which was purified by triturating with ether to afford the title compound as brown solid (0.5 g, HC1 salt,).

[413] Step 2. Chiral Separation.

[414] The racemic compound from step 1 was purified by preparative HPLC separation to afford Compound 236 (40 mg) and Compound 237 (35 mg), as well as Compound 110 (30 mg) and Compound 111 (40 mg) all as yellow solids.

[415] Example 36. Synthesis of (S)-3-(sec-butylamino)-N-(6-ethyl-3-(thiazolo[4 _< 5- c1pyridin-2-yl)-4 _< 5 _< 6,7-tetrahvdrothieno[2 _< 3-c]pyridin-2-yl)propanamide (Compound 238). 416] Step 1: 3-(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-6-ethyl-4 5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin

To a solution of 2-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetonitrile 1 (500 mg, 2.85 mmol), elemental sulphur (91 mg, 2.85 mmol) and morpholine (0.248 mL, 2.85 mmol) in ethanol (5 mL) was added 1- ethyl-4-oxo-piperidine (360 mg, 2.85 mmol) at room temperature. The resulting solution was heated to reflux at 85 °C for 3 h. After the completion (monitored by TLC), the reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness on rotavapour. The crude compound was triturated in methanol and dried to afford the pure title compound as brown solid (700 mg, 77.7%).

[417] Step 2: N-( 6-ethyl-3-( thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,5,6, 7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin- 2- l)acrylamide

To a solution of triethyl amine (2.5 mL, 18.2 mmol) in CH ₂ CI ₂ (5 mL) at 0 °C was added acrylic acid (1.2 mL, 16.6 mmol) followed by T ₃ P (1.5 mL, 2.22 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. Followed by addition of 3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-6-ethyl- 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-2-amine 2 (300 mg, 9.49 mmol) at room temperature stirred for 16 h. After completion (monitored by TLC), the reaction mixture was diluted with CH ₂ CI ₂ and washed with saturated NaHC0 ₃ solution and brine. The separated organic layer was dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered and concentrated in vacuum to get a crude title compound as brown solid (400 mg, crude).

[418] Step 3: (S)-3-(sec-butylamino)-N-(6-ethyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin- 2-yl)-4, 5,6,7- tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-2-yl)propanamide ( Compound 238)

To a solution of N-(6-ethyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydr othieno[2,3- c]pyridin-2-yl)acrylamide 3 (0.40 g, 1.07 mmol) in methanol (5 mL) was added (S) 2

aminobutane (0.16 g, 2.08 mmol). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at room

temperature for 16 h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. The crude residue was dissolved in CH ₂ C1 ₂ and washed with water. The combined organic layers were dried with anhydrous Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered and concentrated to get a crude residue. This crude compound was purified by silica gel column chromatography eluting with 0-10% methanol in CH ₂ C1 ₂ to afford title compound as a yellow solid TFA salt (70 mg, yield 14.58%).

[419] Example 37. Synthesis of (S)-3-(sec-butylamino)-N-(6-isopropyl-3-(thiazolo[4 _< 5- c1pyridin-2-yl)-4 _< 5 _< 6,7-tetrahvdrothieno[2 _< 3-c]pyridin-2-yl)propanamide (Compound 239).

[420] Stepl: 3-(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-6-isopropyl-4,5,6, 7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-2- am ne

To a solution of 2-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetonitrile (500 mg, 2.85 mmol), elemental sulphur (91 mg, 2.85 mmol) and morpholine (0.248 mL, 2.85 mmol) in ethanol (5 mL) was added 1- isopropyl-4-oxo-piperidine (400 mg, 2.85 mmol) at room temperature and the resulting reaction mixture was heated to reflux at 85 °C for 3 h. Reaction was monitored by TLC. After the completion, reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness on rotavapour and the crude compound was triturated in methanol and dried to afford the pure title compound as brown solid (800 mg,

85%).

[421] Step 2:N-(6-Isopropyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,5,6,7-tet rahydrothieno[2,3- c]pyridin-2-yl)acrylamide

To a solution of triethyl amine (1.2 mL, 8.74 mmol) in CH ₂ CI ₂ (5 mL) at was 0 °C added acrylic acid (2.5 mL, 34.6 mmol) followed by T ₃ P (1.5 mL, 2.35 mmol). Reaction was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr. Followed by addition of 3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-6-ethyl-4, 5,6,7- tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-2-amine (300 mg, 0.91 mmol) at room temperature and stirred at room temperature for another 16 h. Reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, the reaction mixture was diluted with CH ₂ CI ₂ and washed with saturated NaHC0 ₃ solution and brine. The separated organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered and concentrated in vacuum to get a crude title compound as brown solid (400 mg, crude).

[422] Step 3: (S)-3-(sec-butylamino)-N-(6-isopropyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyri din-2-yl)-4, 5,6,7- tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-2-yl)propanamide ( Compound 239)

To a solution of N-(6-isopropyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetra hydrothieno[2,3- c]pyridin-2-yl)acrylamide 3 (0.40 g, 1.04 mmol) in methanol (5 mL) was added (S) 2 aminobutane (0.15 g, 2.08 mmol). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at room

temperature for 16 h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. The crude residue was dissolved in CH ₂ CI ₂ and washed with water. The combined organic layers were dried with anhydrous Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered and concentrated to get a crude residue. This crude compound was purified by silica gel column chromatography eluting with 0-10% methanol in DCM to afford title compound as yellow solid TFA salt (200 mg, yield 42.55%).

[423] Example 38. Synthesis of 3-(((S)-sec-butyl)amino)-N-((R)-5-methyl-3-(thiazolo[4 _< 5- c1pyridin-2-yl)-4 _< 5 _< 6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2 _< 3-c1pyridin-2-yl)propanamide (Compound 242) and 3-(((S)-sec-butyl)amino)-N-((R)-7-methyl-3-(thiazolor4,5-clp yridin-2-yl)-4 _< 5 _< 6J- tetrahydrothieno[2 _< 3-c1pyridin-2-yl)propanamide (Compound 241).

[424] Step 1: tert-Butyl (R)-2-amino-5-methyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4, 7- dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate and tert-Butyl (R)-2-amino-7 -methyl-3 -

(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4, 7-dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate.

To a solution of 2-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)acetonitrile 1 (2 g, 11.42 mmol), elemental sulphur (360 mg, 11.42 mmol) and morpholine (1 mL, 11.42 mmol) in ethanol (40 mL) was added tert-butyl (R)-2-methyl-4-oxopiperidine-l-carboxylate (2.43 g, 11.42 mmol) at room temperature and the resulting reaction mixture was heated to reflux at 85 °C for 3 h. Reaction was monitored by TLC. After the completion, reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness on rotavapour and the crude compound was purified by silica gel column chromatography. Product was eluted in 5% methanol in CH ₂ C1 ₂ to afford a mixture of the pure title compounds as brown solid (4.3 g, yield 93%).

[425] Step 2: tert-Butyl (R)-2-acrylamido-5-methyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4, 7- dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate (4) and tert-Butyl (R)-2-acrylamido-7-methyl- 3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,7-dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyri dine-6(5H)-carboxylate.

To a solution of products from Step 1 (lg, 2.57 mmol) in CH ₂ C1 ₂ (10 mL) at 0 °C was added N- methyl morpholine (0.65 g, 6.44 mmol) followed by 3-chloropropionyl chloride (0.49 g, 3.86 mmol). Reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. Reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, the reaction mixture was diluted with CH ₂ CI ₂ and washed with saturated NaHC0 ₃ solution and brine. The separated organic layer was dried over Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered and concentrated in vacuum. Crude compound was purified by silica gel column chromatography. Product was eluted in 5% methanol in CH ₂ CI ₂ to afford a mixture of the title compounds as brown solid (0.6 g, 51.28%).

[426] Step3: tert-Butyl (R)-2-(3-(((S)-sec-butyl)amino)propanamido)-5-methyl-3-(thia zolo[4,5- c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,7-dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carbo xylate and tert-Butyl (R)-2-(3- (((S)-sec-butyl)amino)propanamido)-7-methyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5- c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,7- dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate.

To the products from Step 2 (0.25 g, 0.548 mmol) in MeOH: THF (1: 1 6 mL) was added (S) 2 aminobutane (48 mg, 0.657 mmol). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at room

temperature for 16 h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. The crude residue was dissolved in CH ₂ CI ₂ and washed with water. The combined organic layers were dried with anhydrous Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered and concentrated to get a crude residue. This crude compound was purified by silica gel column chromatography eluting with 0-10% methanol in CH ₂ CI ₂ to afford a mixture of the title compounds as yellow solid (0.21 g, yield 72.41%).

[427] Step 4: 3-(((S)-sec-butyl)amino)-N-((R)-5-methyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]p yridin-2-yl)-4, 5,6,7- tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-2-yl)propanamide (Compound 242) and 3-(((S)-sec- butyl)amino)-N-((R)-7-methyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl) -4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3- c]pyridin-2-yl)propanamide (Compound 241).

To a solution of the products from Step 3 (210 mg, 0.378 mmol) in dioxane (3 mL) at 0 °C was added 4M HC1 in dioxane (2 mL). After the addition, the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuum resulting in a crude residue which was purified by triturating with methanol. The solid obtained was filtered and washed with diethyl ether and n-pentane to afford a mixture of the title compounds as yellow solid (180 mg). This mixture of compounds was purified by preparative HPLC separation (CHIRALART- CELLULOSE SC; 250mm*4.6mm*5um; Mobile Phase: A: n- Hexane+0.1%TEA; B: ETOH: DCM (85: 15) + 0.1%TEA; Flow rate: l.Oml/min; Isocratic: 10%B) to afford the separated title compounds (28 mg) as yellow solids.

[428] Example 39. Synthesis of N-((S)-7-methyl-3- hiazolor4,5-clpyridin-2-yl)-4 _< 5 _< 6J- tetrahvdrothieno[2 _< 3-c1pyridin-2-yl)-3-(((3aR,5s,6aS)-octahvdrocvclopenta [c1pyrrol-5- yl)amino)propanamide (Compound 246) and Ν-((8 -5-ηΐ6ΐΗν1-3-(ΐΜ3ζο1ο[4,5-€ΐρν άίη-2- yl)-4 _< 5 _< 6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2 _< 3-c1pyridin-2-yl)-3-(((3aR,5s,6aS)- octahvdrocvclopenta[c1pyrrol-5-yl)amino)propanamide (Compound 247)

[429] Step 1: tert-butyl (S)-7-methyl-2-(3-(((3aR,5s,6aS)-octahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrro l-5- yl)amino)propanamido)-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4 -dihyd

carboxylate and tert-butyl (S)-5-methyl-2-(3-(((3aR,5s,6aS)-octahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrro l-5- yl)amino)propanamido)-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4 -dihyd

carboxylate:

To the indicated starting compounds (250 mg, 0.548 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) was added tert- butyl (3aR,5s,6aS)-5-aminohexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrrole-2(lH)-carb oxylate (180 mg, 0.822 mmol). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. The crude residue was dissolved in CH ₂ CI ₂ and washed with water. The combined organic layers were dried with anhydrous Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered and concentrated to get a crude residue. This crude compound was purified by silica gel column chromatography eluting with 0-5% methanol in CH ₂ CI ₂ to afford mixture of title compounds as yellow solids (150 mg).

[430] This mixture of compounds from Step 1 was purified by chiral HPLC separation

(Column: Amylose-SA, 250mm*4.6mm, 5um; Mobile Phase: A: 0.1% DEA in n-Hexane; B: 0.1% DEA in Ethanol: DCM (50: 50); Flow rate: 1.0 ml/min; Isocratic: 20% B) to afford the separated title compounds as yellow solids.

[431] Step 2a: N-((S)-7-methyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetr ahydrothieno[2,3- c]pyridin-2-yl)-3-(((3aR,5s,6aS)-octahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrro l-5-yl)amino)propanamide ( Compound 246):

To a solution of tert-butyl (S)-7-methyl-2-(3-(((3aR,5s,6aS)-octahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrro l-5- yl)amino)propanamido)-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,7-di hydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)- carboxylate 6 (20 mg, 0.029 mmol) in dioxane (1 mL) at 0 °C was added 4M HCl in dioxane (1 mL). After the addition, the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuum resulting in a crude residue which was purified by trituration with methanol. The solid obtained was filtered and washed with diethyl ether and n-pentane to afford the title compound as yellow solid (15 mg, yield 86%).

[432] Step 2b: N-((S)-5-methyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetr ahydrothieno[2,3- c]pyridin-2-yl)-3-(((3aR,5s,6aS)-octahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrro l-5-yl)amino)propanamide ( Compound 247):

To a solution of tert-butyl (S)-5-methyl-2-(3-(((3aR,5s,6aS)-octahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrro l-5- yl)amino)propanamido)-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,7-di hydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)- carboxylate 7 (40 mg, 0.058 mmol) in dioxane (1 mL) at 0 °C was added 4M HCl in dioxane (2 mL). After the addition, the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuum resulting in a crude residue which was purified by trituration with methanol. The solid obtained was filtered and washed with diethyl ether and n-pentane to afford the title compound as yellow solid (25 mg, yield 72%).

[433] Example 40. Synthesis of 3-(Methyl-N ¹⁵ -amino)-N-(3-(thiazolor4 _< 5-clpyridin-2-yl)- 4,5,6 -tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c1pyridin-2-yl)propanamide (Compound 248)

[434] Step 1: tert-Butyl 2-(3-(methylamino)propanamido)-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-y l)-4, 7- dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate:

To a solution of tert-butyl 2-acrylamido-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,7-dihydrothie no[2,3- c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate (200 mg, 0.452 mmol) in CH ₂ C1 ₂ : DMF (3: 1 mL) was added ¹⁵ N- methyl amine hydrochloride (46 mg, 0.678 mmol). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. The crude compound was purified by column chromatography eluting with 0-10% methanol in CH ₂ C1 ₂ to afford the title compound as off white solid (110 mg, yield 51%).

[435] Step 2: 3-(Methylamino)-N-(3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,5,6,7-t etrahydrothieno[2,3- c]pyridin-2-yl)propanamide (Compound 248):

To a solution of tert-butyl 2-(3-(methylamino)propanamido)-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-y l)-4,7- dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate 1 (110 mg, 0.232 mmol) in dioxane (2 mL) at 0 °C was added 4M HC1 in dioxane (3 niL). After the addition, the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuum resulting in a crude residue which was purified by trituration with methanol. The solid obtained was filtered and washed with diethyl ether and n-pentane to afford the title compound as yellow solid (100 mg, yield 97%).

[436] Example 41. Synthesis of N-((R)-7-methyl-3- hiazolor4 _< 5-clpyridin-2-yl)-4 _< 5 _< 6J- tetrahvdrothieno[2 _< 3-c1pyridin-2-yl)-3-(((3aR,5s,6aS)-octahvdrocvclopenta [c1pyrrol-5- yl)amino)propanamide (Compound 249) and N-CC^-S-methyl-S-Cthiazolo ^-clpyridin- - yl)-4 _< 5 _< 6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2 _< 3-c1pyridin-2-yl)-3-(((3aR,5s,6aS)- octahvdrocvclopenta[c1pyrrol-5-yl)amino)propanamide (Compound 250)

[437] Step 1: tert-butyl (R)-7-methyl-2-(3-(((3aR,5s,6aS)-octahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrro l-5- yl)amino)propanamido)-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4 -dihyd

carboxylate and tert-butyl (R)-5-methyl-2-(3-(((3aR,5s,6aS)-octahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrro l-5- yl)amino)propanamido)-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4 -dihyd

carboxylate:

To the indicated starting compounds (250 mg, 0.548 mmol) in MeOH: THF (1: 1 6 mL) was added tert-butyl (3aR,5s,6aS)-5-aminohexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrrole-2(lH)-carb oxylate (185 mg, 0.822 mmol). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. The crude residue was dissolved in CH ₂ CI ₂ and washed with water. The combined organic layers were dried with anhydrous Na ₂ S0 ₄ , filtered and concentrated to get a crude residue. This crude compound was purified by silica gel column chromatography eluting with 0-5% methanol in CH ₂ C1 ₂ to afford title compounds as yellow solids (320 mg racemic, yield 86%).

[438] This mixture of compounds was purified by chiral HPLC separation (Column: YMC CHIRAL AMYLOSE SA, 250mm*4.6mm*5um; Mobile Phase: A: n-Hexane+0.1%DEA; B: ETOH: MEOH (50:50); Flow rate: l.Oml/min; Isocratic: 30%B) to afford the separated title compounds as yellow solid.

[439] Step 2a: N-((R)-7-methyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetr ahydrothieno[2,3- c]pyridin-2-yl)-3-(((3aR,5s,6aS)-octahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrro l-5-yl)amino)propanamide ( Compound 249):

To a solution of tert-butyl (R)-7-methyl-2-(3-(((3aR,5s,6aS)-octahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrro l-5- yl)amino)propanamido)-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,7-di hydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H carboxylate 6 (65 mg, 0.095 mmol) in dioxane (1 mL) at 0 °C was added 4M HCl in dioxane (2 mL). After the addition, the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuum resulting in a crude residue which was purified by trituration with methanol. The solid obtained was filtered and washed with diethyl ether and n-pentane to afford the title compound as yellow solid (44 mg, yield 95%).

[440] Step 2b: N-((R)-5-methyl-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetr ahydrothieno[2,3- c]pyridin-2-yl)-3-(((3aR,5s,6aS)-octahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrro l-5-yl)amino)propanamide ( Compound 250):

To a solution of tert-butyl (R)-5-methyl-2-(3-(((3aR,5s,6aS)-octahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrro l-5- yl)amino)propanamido)-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,7-di hydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)- carboxylate 7 (75 mg, 0.109 mmol) in dioxane (1 mL) at 0 °C was added 4M HCl in dioxane (2 mL). After the addition, the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuum resulting in a crude residue which was purified by trituration with methanol. The solid obtained was filtered and washed with diethyl ether and n-pentane to afford the title compound as yellow solid (45 mg, yield 85%).

[441] Example 42. Synthesis of 3-(5gc-Butyl-N ¹⁵ -amino)-N-(3-(thiazolor4,5-clpyridin-2-yl)- 4,5,6 -tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c1pyridin-2-yl)propanamide (Compound 251)

[442] Step 1 a: ¹⁵ Ή -labelled malonamide:

To diethyl malonate (3 mL, 19.68 mmol) was added ammonium hydroxide (10 mL) and was stirred at room temperature for 12 h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to dryness. The crude residue was washed with ethanol, filtered and dried to afford the title compound as yellow solid (1.2 g, yield 63%)

[443] Step lb: ¹⁵ N-labelled malononitrile:

To a solution of ¹⁵ N labelled malonamide lb (1.2 g, 11.76 mmol) in acetonitrile (10 mL) at 0 °C was added POCI ₃ (1 mL, 10.69 mmol) dropwise over a period of 15 min. The resulting reaction mixture was heated to 70 °C for 4 h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, quenched with saturated NaHC0 ₃ and extracted with 10% methanol in CH ₂ CI ₂ (thrice). The combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and concentrated up to dryness. The crude compound was purified by silica gel column chromatography eluting with 0-5% methanol in CH ₂ CI ₂ to afford the title compound as yellow oil (600 mg, yield 77%)

[444] Step lc: 2-(Thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)acetonitrile:

*NC^CN*

a

To a solution of 3-aminopyridine-4-thiol 1 (1 g, 7.936 mmol) in ethanol (5 mL) was added malononitrile 2 (523 mg, 7.936 mmol) and AcOH (5 mL). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at 100 °C for 5 h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with saturated NaHC0 ₃ and extracted with 10% methanol in CH ₂ CI ₂ (thrice). The combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and concentrated up to dryness. The crude compound was purified by silica gel column

chromatography eluting with 0-5% methanol in CH ₂ CI ₂ to afford the title compound as brown solid (500 mg, yield 26%).

[445] Step 2: tert-Butyl 2- ¹⁵ N-amino-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,7-dihydrothi eno[2,3- c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate:

c

To a solution of 2-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)acetonitrile (500 mg, 2.074 mmol) in ethanol (10 mL) was added tert-buty\ 4-oxopiperidine-l-carboxylate (412 mg, 2.074 mmol), elemental sulphur (66.2 mg, 2.074 mmol) and morpholine (180 mg, 2.074 mmol) at room temperature. After the addition, the resulting mixture was heated to reflux at 90 °C for 4 h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, the reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuum upto dryness. The crude compound was purified by column chromatography eluting with 0-5% methanol in CH ₂ CI ₂ to afford the title compound as off white solid (200 mg, yield 25%).

[446] Step 3: tert-Butyl 2-acryl- ¹⁵ N-amido-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4, 7- dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate

To a solution of ie/ -butyl 2-amino-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,7-dihydrothieno[2, 3- c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate 5 (200 mg, 0.515 mmol) in CH ₂ C1 ₂ (10 mL) at 0 °C was added DIPEA (0.18 mL, 1.03 mmol) and 3-chloropropanoyl chloride (97.4 mg, 0.773 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. After completion (monitored by TLC), the reaction mixture was quenched with saturated NaHC0 ₃ and extracted with dichloromethane (thrice). The combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and concentrated up to dryness to afford the title compound as light brown solid (200 mg, yield 87%).

[447] Step 4: tert-Butyl 2-(3-(sec-butylamino)propan- ¹⁵ N-amido)-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2- -4, 7-dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6( 5H)-carboxylate:

To a solution of ie/ -butyl 2-acrylamido-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4,7-dihydrothie no[2,3- c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate (200 mg, 0.451 mmol) in MeOH: THF (1: 1, 10 mL) was added butan-2-amine (39 mg, 0.541 mmol). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. The residue was washed with water and extracted with CH ₂ CI ₂ (thrice). The combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na ₂ S0 _4i filtered and concentrated. The crude compound was purified by column chromatography eluting with 0-3% methanol in CH ₂ C1 ₂ to afford the title compound as yellow solid (100 mg, yield 43%).

[448] Step 5: 3-(sec-Butylamino)-N-(3-(thiazolo[4, 5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-4, 5,6,7- 5N-amide (Compound 251 ):

[449] To a solution of tert-butyl 2-(3-(5ec-butylamino)propanamido)-3-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin- 2-yl)-4,7-dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6(5H)-carboxylate 7 (100 mg, 0.194 mmol) in dioxane (5 mL) at 0 °C was added 4M HCl in dioxane (5 mL). After the addition, the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuum resulting in a crude residue which was purified by trituration with methanol. The solid obtained was filtered and washed with diethyl ether and methanol to afford the title compound as a yellow solid HC1 salt (20 mg, yield 21%).

[450] Example 43. c-Myc/Max/Ebox DNA AlphaScreen Assay

[451] Compounds of the invention were assayed for c-Myc/Max/EBox activity as described in the following protocol. Human his ₆ -c-Myc and his ₆ -Max were used with biotinylated DNA containing a single Ebox sequence (biotinGGAAGCAGACCACGTGGTCTGCTTCC) purchased from MWG Operon. Free c-Myc was generated from his ₆ -c-Myc through thrombin cleavage of the his ₆ tag. For 384-well plate assays, 10 μΐ _^ of a 2x solution of free c-Myc (20 nM final), Ni ²⁺ coated Acceptor Beads (25 μg/ml final), and biotinylated Ebox oligo (10 nM final) were added to 384-well plates with a Biotek EL406 liquid handler. 50 nL of compounds from stock plates were added by pin transfer using a Janus Workstation (PerkinElmer), allowing the compounds to interact with c-Myc prior to c-Myc binding with Max. In the current assay, DMSO was not allowed to exceed 2% v/v of the assay. 10 μΐ of 2x master mix containing streptavidin- coated donor beads (25 μg/ml final) and his ₆ -Max (5 nM) were added. AlphaScreen

measurements were performed on an Envision plate reader (PerkinElmer) utilizing the manufacturer's protocol.

[452] Both master mixes were made in room temperature assay buffer (50 mM HEPES, 150 mM NaCl, 0.2% w/v BSA, 0.02% w/v Tween20, 40 μg/ml glycogen, 500 μΜ DTT, pH 8.0, wherein both DTT and glycogen were added fresh). Alpha beads were added to respective master solutions. All subsequent steps were performed in low light conditions. Solution 1: 2x solution of components with final concentrations of c-Myc Ni-coated Acceptor Beads (25 μg/ml), and biotinylated Ebox oligo (10 nM). Solution 2: 2x solution of streptavidin-coated donor beads (25 μg/ml final) and his ₆ -Max 10 μϊ _^ . Solution 1 was added to 384-well plate (AlphaPlate-384, PerkinElmer) with Biotek EL406 liquid handler and the plates were centrifuged very briefly. 50 nL of compounds from stock plates were added by pin transfer using a Janus Workstation. Solution 2 (10 μί) was added with the liquid handler. Plates were sealed with foil to block light exposure and prevent evaporation. Plates were very briefly centrifuged followed by 2 hour incubation. AlphaScreen measurements were performed on an Envision 2104 utilizing the manufacturer's protocol. Excitation was at 680 nm for donor bead release of singlet oxygen and emission was read with a bandpass filter from 520-620 nm. Glycogen: Roche Diagnostics# 10901393001. Plate 1536: Perkin Elmer, 6004350. Plate 384: Perkin Elmer, 6005350. Nickel- His Alpha Beads: 6760619R. The data from this assay are summarized in Table 3 below (Myc/Max/DNA Activity).

[453] Example 44. Cell Viability Assay

[454] Compounds of the invention were assayed for cell viability using the human small lung cancer cell line H2171 as described in the following protocol. Cells were counted and adjusted to 20,000 cells/mL. Using a Biotek EL406, 50 μΐ _^ of cells in media were distributed into 384 well white plates from Thermo. Immediately after plating, compound in DMSO was distributed to plates. Compounds were added to plates using a 50 nL 384 well pin transfer manifold on a Janus workstation. Stocks were arrayed in 10 point dose response in DMSO stock in 384 well Greiner compound plates. After the addition of compounds, plates were incubated for three days in a 37 °C incubator. Cell viability was read out using ATPlite from Perkin Elmer. Lyophilized powder was resuspended in lysis buffer and diluted 1:2 with deionized water. 25 μΐ _^ of this solution was added to each well using the Biotek liquid handler. Plates were incubated for 15 minutes at room temperature before signal was read on an Envision Plate Reader. The data from this assay are summarized in Table 3 below (H2171 activity).

[455] Table 3. Biological Assay Data of Selected Compounds of the Invention

[456] The results of the assays described in Examples 43 and 44 are sumamrized in the following table, where "A" represents a calculated IC ₅₀ of less than 500 nM; "B" represents a calculated IC ₅₀ of between 500 nM and 5 μΜ; "C" represents a calculated IC ₅₀ of between 5 μΜ and 25 μΜ; "D" represents a value of greater than 25 μΜ; "*" is a value above the assay detection limit; and "NT" represents a value that was not obtained.

Compound Myc/Max/DNA H2171 Compound Myc/Max/DNA H2171 No. Activity Activity No. Activity Activity

128 B NT 171 A NT

129 A NT 172 A A

130 A NT 173 A NT

131 A NT 174 A NT

132 B NT 175 A NT

133 A NT 176 A A

134 A B 177 A A

135 A NT 178 A NT

136 B NT 179 B NT

137 A NT 180 A NT

138 A NT 181 A NT

139 B NT 182 B NT

140 B NT 183 B A

141 A NT 184 A NT

142 A NT 185 A NT

143 B NT 186 B NT

144 B NT 187 A NT

145 A NT 188 A NT

146 A NT 189 A NT

147 A NT 190 A A

148 A NT 191 B NT

149 A NT 192 A NT

150 A NT 193 A NT

151 A NT 194 B NT

152 A NT 195 A NT

153 A A 196 B NT

154 A NT 197 C NT

155 A NT 198 B NT

156 A NT 199 B NT

157 B NT 200 A NT

158 A NT 201 A NT

159 B NT 202 A NT

160 A NT 203 A B

161 A NT 204 A NT

162 B NT 205 C NT

163 B NT 206 A B

164 A NT 207 A NT

165 A NT 208 A NT

166 A NT 209 B NT

167 A NT 210 A NT

168 A NT 211 A NT

169 A NT 212 C NT

170 A NT 213 A NT Compound Myc/Max/DNA H2171 Compound Myc/Max/DNA H2171 No. Activity Activity No. Activity Activity

214 A NT 235 A A

215 A NT 236 A A

216 A A 237 B B

217 A A 238 A A

218 A A 239 A A

219 A A 240 A A

220 A A 241 A A

221 A NT 242 A A

222 A NT 243 A A

223 A A 244 A A

224 A B 245 A A

225 A A 246 B A

226 A A 247 C A

227 A A 248 A A

228 A A 249 A A

229 C NT 250 B A

230 B A 251 A A

231 B A 252 D NT

232 A A 253 A NT

233 C B 254 D NT

234 A A

EQUIVALENTS

[457] In the claims articles such as "a," "an," and "the" may mean one or more than one unless indicated to the contrary or otherwise evident from the context. Claims or descriptions that include "or" between one or more members of a group are considered satisfied if one, more than one, or all of the group members are present in, employed in, or otherwise relevant to a given product or process unless indicated to the contrary or otherwise evident from the context. The invention includes embodiments in which exactly one member of the group is present in, employed in, or otherwise relevant to a given product or process. The invention includes embodiments in which more than one, or all of the group members are present in, employed in, or otherwise relevant to a given product or process.

[458] Furthermore, the invention encompasses all variations, combinations, and permutations in which one or more limitations, elements, clauses, and descriptive terms from one or more of the listed claims are introduced into another claim. For example, any claim that is dependent on another claim can be modified to include one or more limitations found in any other claim that is dependent on the same base claim. Where elements are presented as lists, e.g., in Markush group format, each subgroup of the elements is also disclosed, and any element(s) can be removed from the group. It should it be understood that, in general, where the invention, or aspects of the invention, is/are referred to as comprising particular elements and/or features, certain

embodiments of the invention or aspects of the invention consist, or consist essentially of, such elements and/or features. For purposes of simplicity, those embodiments have not been specifically set forth in haec verba herein. It is also noted that the terms "comprising" and "containing" are intended to be open and permits the inclusion of additional elements or steps. Where ranges are given, endpoints are included. Furthermore, unless otherwise indicated or otherwise evident from the context and understanding of one of ordinary skill in the art, values that are expressed as ranges can assume any specific value or sub-range within the stated ranges in different embodiments of the invention, to the tenth of the unit of the lower limit of the range, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[459] This application refers to various issued patents, published patent applications, journal articles, and other publications, all of which are incorporated herein by reference. If there is a conflict between any of the incorporated references and the instant specification, the

specification shall control. In addition, any particular embodiment of the present invention that falls within the prior art may be explicitly excluded from any one or more of the claims. Because such embodiments are deemed to be known to one of ordinary skill in the art, they may be excluded even if the exclusion is not set forth explicitly herein. Any particular embodiment of the invention can be excluded from any claim, for any reason, whether or not related to the existence of prior art.

[460] Those skilled in the art will recognize or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation many equivalents to the specific embodiments described herein. The scope of the present embodiments described herein is not intended to be limited to the above Description, but rather is as set forth in the appended claims. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that various changes and modifications to this description may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention, as defined in the following claims.