JP2000161873 | HEAT EXCHANGER |
JP2014070826 | HEAT EXCHANGE MEMBER AND HEAT EXCHANGER |
JPS5889 | HEAT EXCHANGER |
MAHER STEVEN THOMAS (US)
US20090025902A1 | 2009-01-29 | |||
US4501337A | 1985-02-26 | |||
US5097898A | 1992-03-24 | |||
US4574875A | 1986-03-11 | |||
US20120175077A1 | 2012-07-12 | |||
US20150068740A1 | 2015-03-12 |
CLAIMS: 1. A system (100) for heat exchange, comprising: a first tube (3); and a second tube (6) arranged concentrically within the first tube. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the first tube is formed of a flexible material. 3. The system of claim 1 or claim 2, further comprising: one or more centralizers (7) or turbulators (11) arranged between the first and second tube. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein at least one of the centralizers or turbulators: comprises a plurality of fins arranged about a longitudinal axis of the centralizer; comprises a plurality of sections; comprises at least one section having a tapered width; or is mounted on an outer surface of the second tube. 5. The system of any of claims 1-4, wherein a width of the outer tube is between 2-3 times as wide as a width of the inner tube. 6. The system of any of claims 1-5, further comprising: an adapter. 7. The system of claim 6, further comprising: lateral piping, wherein the adapter provides a subsurface fluid connection between the first tube and the lateral piping and between the second tube and the lateral piping. 8. The system of any of claims 1-7, further comprising: a ground borehole having an outer wall, wherein the first tube is in direct contact with the borehole wall. 9. The system of any of claims 1-8, wherein the first and second tubes are arranged vertically and underground to form a ground heat exchanger. 10. The system of any of claims 1-9, wherein the at least one of the first and second tubes are vertically segmented by a partition to form an upper heat exchanging region and a lower heat exchanging region. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the partition is a ported inflatable packer (170). 12. The system of claim 10 or claim 11, further comprising: a surface control valve, wherein the control valve has a first setting that restricts fluid flow to the upper thermal exchanging region, and wherein the control valve has a second setting that enables fluid flow in the lower thermal exchanging region. 13. The system of any of claims 1-12, wherein the first tube has a diameter from 6-8inches and the inner tube has a diameter from 2-4 inches. 14. The system of any of claims 1-13, wherein the system has an energy exchange fluid (EEF) volume per depth from .100 to .350 ft3/ft. 15. The system of any of claims 1-14, wherein the flexible material comprises one or more of: PVC, smooth or soft PVC in combination with a one or more plies of thread-like material wrap, lay flat discharge hose, and/or a material having an operating temperature in the range of -5 F to 170 F degrees. 16. The system of any of claims 6-15, wherein the adapter is connected to the top of the first tube and the top of the second tube to form a water-tight seal to the first and second tubes. 17. A method (300) for a heat exchange system, comprising: inserting (304) a first tube into a borehole; and inflating (306) the first tube to form a fluid channel. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the first tube is formed of a flexible material. 19. The method of claim 17 or 18, wherein the first tube is folded or clamped with a restraint during insertion, further comprising: unfolding the first tube or removing the restraint (308). 20. The method of any of claims 17-19, wherein the first tube comprises an external or internal weight. 21. The method of claim 20, further comprising: removing the weight after inflating the first tube. 22. The method of any of claims 17-21, wherein the first tube forms an outer fluid channel, further comprising: inserting (310) a second tube into the first tube to form an inner fluid channel. 23. The method of any of claims 17-22, wherein the inflating causes the first tube to conform to the borehole wall. 24. The method of any of claims 17-23, wherein one or more of the inflating or removing a restraint comprises filling the first tube with water. 25. The method of any of claims 22-24, further comprising: attaching (303, 312) an adapter to at least one of the borehole, the first tube, and/or the second tube. 26. The method of claim 25, further comprising: attaching the adapter to a plurality of lateral fluid pipes. 27. The method of any of claims 17-26, further comprising: vertically segmenting (314) the heat exchanger. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein vertically segmenting the heat exchanger comprises: inserting a ported inflatable packer (PIP) into the first tube to form an upper flow region and a lower flow region; and connecting the PIP with a surface control valve. 29. The method of any of claims 17-28, further comprising: drilling (302) the borehole into bedrock material. 30. The method of any of claims 17-29, further comprising: measuring one or more of temperature, pressure, and flow of a fluid in the heat exchange system, wherein the measuring comprises: inserting one or more temporary sensors or measurement tools into a flow path of the heat exchange system; and monitoring system performance using the one or more temporary sensors or measurement tools during operation of the heat exchange system. 31. The method of any of claims 17-30, further comprising: operating (316) the heat exchange system by flowing water or another EEF through the inner and outer channels formed by the first and second tubes. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the operating comprises a cyclic exchange of fluid through the first and second tubes 33. The method of claim 31, wherein the operating comprises performing one or more flush or access operations. 34. The method of any of claims 17-33, wherein the method is for installing a system of any of claims 1-16. 35. The method of claims 27-34, wherein the vertical segmentation comprises removing an inner spool of an adapter and inserting one or more of an SCV spool, additional piping, or PIP. 36. A heat exchanger adapter, comprising: an outer shell (20, 21), wherein the outer shell has a first fluid port and a second fluid port; and an internal spool assembly (23), wherein the internal spool assembly is removable. 37. A method in a ground heat exchanger having an adapter, comprising: operating the ground heat exchanger using a first removable internal spool of the adapter; removing the first removable internal spool from the adapter; inserting a second removable internal spool into the adapter, wherein the second removable internal spool provides a different functionality than the first removable internal spool; and operating the ground heat exchanger using the second removable internal spool. 38. A heat exchange system, comprising: a plurality of ground heat exchangers according to any of claims 1-16; a fluid distribution and control unit; and a plurality of pipes interconnecting the plurality of ground heat exchanges with the distribution and control unit. 39. A method of operating a plurality of ground heat exchangers, comprising: performing active heat exchange with at least one of the ground heat exchangers according to any of claims 1-16; redistributing an energy exchange fluid (EEF) within or between the plurality of ground heat exchangers; and resting at least one of the ground heat exchangers. |
[0090] In some embodiments, the timing and duration of each active heat exchange period and each unloaded flow' period are decoupled from each other and operate independently, where the active heat exchange period is of sufficient length to purge a stored volume, and with flow rate being one factor to determine length of time. In certain aspects, the length and timing of the unloaded flow period can be used to: (i) position EEF with the greatest temperature contrast adjacent to the borehole wall (1) to facilitate efficient thermal exchange, or (ii) position EEF at different depths within the HVHF-CGHEX to balance long term thermal exchange to one or more sections of the borehole. An unloaded flow period (89) can begin a specified amount of time before or after each active thermal exchange cycle (90) to clear the inner channel (A) of EEF containing any residual heat or chill. The EEF volume contained within a HVHF-CGHEX is provided sufficient time to rest, to transfer thermal flux between the EEF and the borehole wall, and to equilibrate to the temperature of the borehole wall. In embodiments, the optimum length of the static rest period is governed by factors such as borehole diameter (d), the length of the exchanger (L), and the formation properties (k and a) as well as other factors. Additionally, the length of the static rest period can be important to provide enough time for heat transfer to be completed between the EEF, the borehole wall, and surrounding formation.
[0091] In some embodiments, an entire HVHF-CGHEX assembly (e.g., comprised of in-borehole components and an ASUB2L) can be equipped with real-time, on-board instrumentation to create a smart system architecture enabling active and individual control of each HVHF-CGHEX, or groupings, to maximize overall system performance. The system may direct EEF to the primary heat pump loop, to an outside air exchanger, to solar thermal panels, to selected HVHF-CGHEXs, or to other such attached devices. This may be, for instance, for the purpose of efficiently managing the overall thermal budget within a GeoEE field. Using data from the system in conjunction with machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (Al), one can intelligently optimize a field’s performance to take advantage of conditions, such as advective thermal transport, from groundwater moving across the field. [0092] By way of example, Thermal Response Tests (TRTs) conducted on a six-inch diameter HVHF-CGHEX demonstrate: (1) effective thermal connection between the device and the surrounding geologic formation, (2) a lower borehole resistance (Rb), and (3) improved performance relative to existing GHEX designs installed in similar geologic formations. Heat exchange systems described herein can operate in a continuous mode, a cyclic mode, or both. However, cyclic exchange further improves the overall energy exchange capacity of HVHF- CGHEX by capitalizing on a substantial volume of EEF present within the device utilizing operating schemes where flow and heat transfer cycles are decoupled. FIGs. 16-23 illustrate operational and performance information of an example setup. [0093] FIG.16 presents results (a time vs. temperature plot) from a 48-hour thermal response test rejecting heat (A/C mode) to a 6” diameter x 290 ft. HVHF-CGHEX with a flexible outer tube (3). The plots illustrate an observed temperature of EEF. The dashed - LWT (81) and solid-EWT (82) curves show changes to EEF temperature over time in response to a constant 28,350 BTU/hr thermal load applied at a flow rate of 10.2 GPM. Delta T (5.5 degrees F) is the vertical separation between EWT and LWT. It is a function of a thermal load applied and a flow rate. The Ideal Ground Response (IGR) (80) represents the theoretical temperature of a borehole wall (1) for a given borehole geometry, a thermal load applied and formation properties. It is completely independent of a GHEX design and provides a reference to measure the efficiency of any GHEX. The closer EWT (82) is to the IGR (80), the better. The trend (83) shows the time-variant magnitude of the thermal load applied and absorbed by the device. [0094] FIG.17 plots the borehole resistance (84) of the device. Here, the line is nearly flat (85) as expected since Rb is a static condition specifically related to the design and materials of a GHEX. Rb is the temperature differential needed to drive a heat flux between the EEF (13) and the borehole wall (1) for an applied thermal load. In some embodiments, a substantial reduction in borehole resistance is provided, greatly enhancing thermal capacity and maximizing thermal transfer between the EEF and the borehole wall. Such designs may require less active exchanger length compared to traditional U-tube GHEXs. [0095] FIG.18 presents normalized results (time vs. temperature) from constant injection thermal response tests (rejection of heat = simulating A/C mode) performed on several GHEX designs to illustrate relative efficiencies. Results were recorded during the first five hours of constant heating thermal response tests performed on a variety of GHEX designs installed in formations with similar thermal conductivity. This chart is interpreted as follows: the higher the curves, the more temperature differential required to move a heat flux from the EEF through a GHEX to the borehole wall. The 4 highest curves (86) are from 1.25” u-tube GHEXs. The middle curves (87) are from another concentric design having a 3” outer casing grouted in a borehole. The lowermost curves (88) are two tests performed on a 6” diameter HVHF-CGHEX. In addition to being the lowest, the two tests also exhibit a delayed temperature increase (88A) at the start because of the substantially (16X) greater EEF volume contained in the device. The large volume can provide benefits when operating with cyclic exchange. In FIG. 18, normalized EWT responses are illustrated from various designs, and with ground conductivity K-1.9, and thermal load = 1 BTU/Hr-ft of borehole. [0096] According to embodiments, active management of cyclic exchange improves energy transfer by allowing an EEF volume contained within a HVHF-CGHEX sufficient time to rest, transfer heat, and equilibrate. Testing has shown that purging the stored volume followed by a rest period is optimum with the length of the rest being governed by borehole diameter (d), the length of the exchanger(L), and the formation properties ^N^DQG^Į^ as well as other factors. [0097] FIG. 19 is an example of a cyclic exchange where timing and duration of active heat exchange and unloaded flow are decoupled and operate independently (e.g., independent cyclic intervals controlling flow and heat applied to HVHF-CGHEX). Flow periods (89) can be longer and can be offset from the active thermal exchange period (90) to position EEF, for instance as shown with flow paths A B in FIGs.1, 4, 5, and 6, with the greatest temperature contrast adjacent to the borehole wall 10, to facilitate efficient thermal exchange. In this instance, a cycle of 35 minutes of active thermal exchange (90) followed by 70-minutes static rest was used. Unloaded flow begins 4 minutes prior to each active thermal exchange cycle to clear the inner channel (A) of EEF containing any residual heat. [0098] FIG. 20 and FIG. 21 present the results from a 31-hour thermal response test using this cyclic pattern and the rejection of heat (simulating A/C mode) to a 6” diameter x 290 ft. HVHF- CGHEX built with a flexible outer tube (3). FIG.20 is a time vs. temperature plot recorded during cyclic thermal response, and FIG. 21 is a close-up inset of region AA shown in FIG. 20. The response for both LWT (81) and EWT (82) are now hashed segments (reflecting the cyclic pattern- on and off) that trend in tight ranges aligned along the IGR (80). The temperature sensor placed at 150-foot depth (91) exhibit a sawtooth pattern reflecting changes to EEF temperature in response to the cyclic pattern. The HVHF-CGHEX design and cyclic exchange enable EEF temperatures to recover during rest periods. The significance of the recovery is most apparent with EWT (82), which begins each cycle at lows that fall along the IGR (80), indicating parity with the ground temperature. EWT (82) then progresses approximately 2 degrees higher throughout the thermal exchange cycle (cycle average = 1 degree). This performance is better than the constant test (FIG. 16) where EWT (82) was consistently 4.5 degrees above the IGR (80). Trending closer to the IGR (80) provides the highest efficiency and can allow a higher heat flux to be applied.
[0099] FIG. 22 illustrates normalized time vs. temperature plots of Entering Water Temperatures (EWT) recorded during thermal response tests performed on a variety of GHEX designs installed in formations with similar thermal conductivity. In particular, this figure presents an expanded view of EWT responses from normalized test results first presented in FIG. 18, but now includes results from two cyclic tests: (1) cyclic heat transfer with continuous flow (92); and (2) cyclic heat transfer with cyclic flow (93) utilizing the pattern presented in FIG. 19. While both cyclic modes perform far better than the constant injection alternatives, the latter (93) demonstrates the best performance. Again, ground conductivity was K=1.9 and the thermal load was 1 BTU/Hr-Ft of borehole.
[0100] In certain aspects, the HVHF-CGHEX of some embodiments is also designed for higher flow rates compared to conventional U-tube designs. For a given thermal load, higher flow rates reduce Delta T (LWT-EWT) according to the following equation:
ΔT x Flow (gpm) x 500 = Thermal load (Btu's per hr ), and can be a factor when avoiding freezing conditions for EEF during heat extraction. Higher flows minimize temperature separation for an applied thermal load and may help avoid the hard boundary condition,
[0101] FIG. 23 presents the pressure drop curves (e.g., due to friction loses) associated with two models of the HVHF-CGHEX design, along with U-tube designs for comparison. GeoEE design practices specify that pressure drops of 1-3 Ft/100 ft (see box 94) are acceptable but should never exceed 4 ft. per/100 ft (95). Proper hydraulic design is important to managing pumping costs. Both HVHF-CGHEX models provide very high flows with minimal losses. In some embodiments, the 6” HVHF-CGHEX (96) is capable of up to 30 GPM, while the 8” (97) can support flow's over 70 GPM, which is nearly 8X greater than a conventional U-tube.
[0102] According to embodiments, one or more of the designs may be hydraulically capable of achieving high GPM with minimal pressure drops due to friction. Higher flow rates are available to tighten the spread of Delta T, and designs can assist in avoiding the hard boundary condition of freezing during thermal extraction. Higher flows also reduce cross-channel heat loss, and can increase heat flux from greater turbulent flow, for instance flow in channel B along the outer tube (3) or casing (16). [0103] Certain Benefits of embodiments may be derived from using a large volume, high flow, individual control and cyclic exchange together on a larger scale in an array of HVHF-CGHEX to change the operational paradigm from “all on, all the time” to a cyclic mode where each HVHF- CGHEX functions as a cylinder providing its maximum output for a short segment of time followed by recovery. [0104] FIG. 24 provides a simplified example layout of Cyclic-Cylinders (CC) according to embodiments. In this example, six exchange systems are used, which are individually piped. Each HVHF-CGHEX (120) or other exchanger is piped to a distribution and control center (121) having a bank of remote-control valves (122) to direct flow. In addition to sequence control, the benefit from piping each pair of laterals (123) as “home-runs” enables any HVHF-CGHEX to be taken off-line without losing the capacity of the remaining installations, should one suffer temporary failure or require service. Furthermore, any of the laterals can easily been inspected and/or tested as previously described with respect to FIGs.15A and 15B. In this example, each HVHF-CGHEX operates on a 33% duty cycle, with two in the array actively providing EEF to the heat pump loop (124) at any time. As the cycles (125) progress, the active “cylinder” selection advances through an array, causing the active to “fire their piston” while providing others with rest time for recharge. Other duty cycles may be used. In certain aspects, optional top head sensors on each HVHF- CGHEX (previously described) can provide feedback to assist with the adjustment timing and flow rates, etc. to achieve optimal performance. Further, these inputs can be also used to enable AI and ML to make additional refinements and adjustments as operating conditions change. Aspects of the disclosure allow for the addition of an optional third auxiliary pipe (126) to a distribution and control center which may be installed to supply EEF from an optional piping arrangement to assets such as one or more solar thermal arrays, one or more air chillers, or other auxiliary devices which may augment management of thermal loads as part of a Smart System architecture. [0105] It is also possible that two or more HVHF-CGHEXs (or GHEXs) may share a common trunk lateral depending upon site layout and design requirements. FIG.25 depicts an example of a “squad” connection strategy, with the cyclic cylinder operating paradigm on an array of six HVHF- CGHEXs or other exchangers piped in “squads” to a distribution and control center equipped with remote control valves managing flow sequence. Flow variation can become a concern with different piping layouts and lengths. In this embodiment, squad flows are managed by a bank of valves (122) in a distribution and control center (121) while individual HVHF-CGHEX flows are balanced and managed using the side port orifice (43) on an ASUB2L spool assembly (23, 67). In this example, each HVHF-CGHEX squad operates on a 50% duty cycle, with three actively providing EEF to the heat pump loop (124) at any time. As the cycles (125) progress, the cylinder sequence swaps the active squad while providing rest time for the other. The same optimization and thermal management techniques described elsewhere can also be applied to “squad” configurations. [0106] FIG. 26A is an example schematic that illustrates piping and valve arrangements which may be deployed within a distribution and control center demonstrating according to embodiments. In certain aspects, FIG.26 also illustrates how active management of flow is accomplished in some embodiments. In this example, each HVHF-CGHEX or other GHEX (120) is piped to a distribution and control center using a pair of lateral pipes (123 typ.). In embodiments, the pipes may be fabricated from HDPE or other suitable materials. One lateral (127 typ.) is connected to flow channel A (see FIGs. 1, 4, 5, or 6) via an ASUB2L, while the other lateral (128 typ) is connected to flow channel B (see FIGS.1, 4, 5, or 6) via an ASUB2L. Here, each lateral (127 / 128) is connected to dedicated control valves (135 /137) having three selectable ports which are connected to the distribution mains in the following manner typical of all valves. The LWT main (129) connects via jumper 132, the EWT Main (130) connects via jumper 133, and the optional auxiliary pipe (131), from other thermal assets, connects via jumper 134. The selected position of a valve pair (e.g., 135,137) determines the source and direction of flow to a GHEX (120) via laterals 127 and 128. [0107] According to some embodiments, four flow cases are presented to demonstrate aspects of the flexibility in the design: (i) Center flow down - Valve 135 sends flow from LWT (129) out to channel A (136) via 127 causing EEF to travel down the center of an exchanger (120). Flow returns up the annular channel B (138) and returns via 128 where valve 137 directs the flow into the EWT main (130) for return to the heat pump loop. (ii) Annular flow down - Valve 141 sends flow from LWT (129) out to channel B (142) causing EEF to travel down the annular region (142) of an exchanger (120). Flow returns up the center channel A (140) and return to valve 139 which directs the flow into the EWT main (130) for return to the heat pump loop. (iii) Auxiliary Center flow down - Valve 143 sends flow from AUX (131) out to channel A (144) causing EEF to travel down the center of an exchanger (120). Flow returns up the annular channel B (146) and returns to valve 145 which directs the flow into the EWT main (130) for return to the heat pump loop. (iv) Auxiliary Annular flow down - Valve 149 sends flow from AUX (131) out to channel B (150) causing EEF to travel down the annular region (150) of an exchanger (120). Flow returns up the center channel A (148) and returns to valve 147 which directs the flow into the EWT main (130) for return to the heat pump loop. The selections can be dynamic and can be specific to certain GHEX (120), or may also vary with time depending upon thermal requirements. In the example of FIG.26A, the black segments on the valves indicate connected flow paths. [0108] According to embodiments, the systems of FIGs.24, 25, and 26A can use the other systems and devices described herein, such as the heat exchangers of FIGs. 1-6 and adapters of FIGs.7- 12. In some embodiments, the layout of the Cyclic-Cylinders (CC) is designed to distribute the energy exchange over a broader geographic and/or vertical portion of the geologic formation to enable the overall GeoEE to transmit the thermal energy more effectively. Some example setups could include: (i) each HVHF-CGHEX operating on a prescribed duty cycle, which may range from 10- 100% ; (ii) a duality of valves (e.g., 135 /137) are connected to the laterals (127/ 128) to control the source and direction of flow to a HVHF-CGHEX (120); (iii) as the cylinder-cycling (125) progresses, the selection of one or more HVHF-CGHEX for active exchange advances through an array, causing the active device to “fire their piston” while other devices move to or remain in the static rest period; (iv) optional sensors on each HVHF-CGHEX can provide feedback to assist with the adjustment timing and flow rates, etc. for the entire GeoEE field to achieve optimal performance; and/or (v) the sensor inputs can also be used to enable AI and ML to make additional refinements and adjustments to manager performance as operating conditions change. [0109] Referring now to FIG.26B, a process 2600 is provided according to some embodiments. The process may be performed, for instance, using the exchange systems of FIG.24, FIG.25, and FIG. 26A. The process may begin, for example, with step 2602 and performing an active heat exchange. In step 2604, which may be optional in some embodiments, performance data is received (e.g., from one or more of the ground heat exchangers and/or adapters). In certain aspects, one or more of the other steps of process 2600 may be responsive to the received data. This could include, for instance, selection of a heat exchanger or group of exchangers for a particular phase, selection of phase time, selection of flow rates, etc. In step 2606, energy exchange fluid (EEF) is redistributed. In step 2608, at least one of the ground heat exchangers is rested. [0110] In another aspect of the disclosure, a method and apparatus for the vertical segmentation (V2SEG) of a GHEX are provided according to some embodiments. [0111] According to embodiments, a HVHF-CGHEX or other exchanger is partitioned into at least two or more separate and distinct vertical segments operating in the same borehole. This may be used, for instance, in applications where there is a high thermal load and/or the need maximize the use of available footprint, formation properties, and/or cost. In this embodiment, the two segments operate akin to stacked cylinders each having a specified “rest” period. The “two-in-one” borehole provides a cost advantage. The marginal cost of extra length may be cheaper than two boreholes, by reducing set-up and drilling costs, while requiring only one surface completion and a single set of lateral piping. While examples use segmentation into two segments, embodiments can be extended to three or more segments in the same fashion. [0112] In one embodiment, a ported inflatable packer (PIP) within the HVHF-CGHEX separates flow to either the upper or lower segments. A series of pipes connect the PIP to the Surface Control Valve (SCV). In certain aspects, the SCV can be built into embodiments of the ASUB2L center spool. Valve selection directs flow to the appropriate ports for the PIP. The SCV is also capable of handling multi-directional flow. [0113] FIG.27 provides a schematic of the V2SEG components in a two-segment embodiment. A PIP (170) is connected to an upper inner pipe (171) that is attached to the center port of the SCV (174), a lower inner pipe (172) that extends to total depth, and a single offset pipe (173) that extends from the SCV (174) to the PIP (170) to hydraulically connect the lower annular volume (175) to the SCV (174). The upper annular volume (176) directly communicates with the annular port (177) on the SCV (174). The PIP (170) is positioned to partition a HVHF-CGHEX into two distinct, isolated segments where flow is directed to either the lower (179) or upper (178) segments. [0114] In some embodiments, a Surface Control Valve (174) directs flow to the proper channels, and thus, the proper segmented regions (e.g., either channels A/B or C/D in this example). With respect to the example illustrated in FIG. 27, for an upper segment (178) to be active, the SCV (174) shifts to position C/D (180). EEF flows down through the annular port (177/198) and continues down the upper annular (176) (FLOW channel C), passes through ports (189) in the PIP (170) and returns to the SCV (174) via the upper inner pipe (186/171) (FLOW channel D) and in through center port (197). The offset pipe port (196) is blocked preventing flow within the offset pipe (173) and the lower annular volume (175). For a lower segment (179) to be active, the SCV (174) is shifted to position A/B (181). EEF flows through the center port (197) down the inner pipes (171, 172) (FLOW channel A) and returns by moving up through the lower annular (175) (FLOW channel B) and returns to the SCV (174) via the offset pipe (173), exiting through the offset port (196). The annular port (177/198) is blocked preventing flow in an upper section (176). [0115] According to some embodiments, FIGs. 28A and 28B provide isometric and cut-away views of the Ported Inflatable Packer (170). The packer is used to separate and isolate the well bore into two sections. Additional PIPs may be used to form additional sections. [0116] In some embodiments, the PIP comprises a rigid, hollow cylindrical body (182) having two sets of pipes attached to either end which is wrapped with an expandable rubber sleeve (183) secured to the rigid cylinder (182) at either end with two hose clamps (184). An offset pipe, such as offset pipe (173), connects to the upper offset connection (185) which continues through the rigid body (182) and terminates a few inches below the packer body (182), providing the hydraulic connection to the lower annular region (175). The connections for the upper (186) / lower (187) inner pipes are different according to some embodiments. Unlike the offset pipe connection (185), they are not continuous through the interior of the packer body (182). The break enables EEF to flow to either the upper active section (178) or the lower active section (179) depending upon the direction of flow established by the SCV (174). Two holes (189) in the top of the packer body (182) provide the hydraulic connection between the upper annular region (176), the interior of the packer body (188), and the upper center tube connection (186). [0117] The PIP (170) may be provided in a variety of sizes (diameter and length) to fit outer tubes (3) or well casings (16) of various diameters. The outside diameter of a deflated, relaxed PIP (170) may be 1”-1.5” less than the diameter of the tube (3) or casing (16) to permit ease of installation, according to some embodiments. The PIP (170) can be installed by adding the calculated length of lower inner pipe (172) needed to reach desired depth based upon the final depth of the PIP (170). The upper inner pipe (171) as well as the offset pipe (173) are then connected to their respective connections (186,185) on top of the PIP (170) and are used to hold, lower, and finally position the PIP (170) at the desired depth using appropriate lengths of the upper inner pipe (171) and offset pipe (173). In some embodiments, the packer sleeve (183) is inflated by forcing water, other fluids, or even gas into the cavity (190) between the packer body (182) and the sleeve (183) via a length of inflation tube (191) that extends to the surface, which was also installed concurrent with the pipes. Once the packer (170) is in place, the sleeve (183) is inflated, causing its mid-body diameter to expand, to contact either the outer tube (3) or casing (16) and to isolate the two sections directing all flow through the PIP (170). The top of the inflation tube (191) is then shut in and left in a pressurized state. In certain aspects, the cavity (190) between the packer body (182) and the rubber sleeve (183) permits fluid to be evenly distributed along the circumference of the packer body (182) to evenly inflate the sleeve (183). [0118] According to some embodiments, should removal of the PIP (170) be required, the pressure is removed from the inflation tube (191), which causes the cavity (190) to empty and allows the sleeve (183) to collapse and reduce its diameter. The entire assembly is then removed by removing sections of the upper inner pipe (171) and offset pipe (173). [0119] When the SCV (174) makes the upper section (178) active, flow descends through the upper annular region (176), enters the through holes (189) in the top of the body (182), passes through the packer body interior (188), and then returns to the surface through the upper inner pipe connection (186) and the upper inner pipe (171). No flow occurs in down the lower inner pipe (187/172) since no flow can move in the lower annular region (175) as the SCV (174) has blocked any flow exiting the offset pipe (185/173). According to some embodiments, whenever, the SCV (174) activates the lower section (179), it directs fluid down the upper inner pipe (171) which enters the interior (188) via port (186). Self-cleaning and low-maintenance rubber duckbill valves (192) and the blocked annular port (177) may be used to prevent EEF from flowing up through holes (189). The EEF is thereby forced to continue into the lower inner pipe connection (187) and to depth via the lower inner pipe (172). The returning fluid passes through the PIP (170) via the offset pipe connection (185) and returns to the SCV (174) via the offset pipe (173). [0120] FIGs. 29A, 29B, and 29C provide detailed views of a Surface Control Valve (174) according to some embodiments. The outer case (193) has similar dimensions and functions to other embodiments of the ASUB2L center spool assembly (23) and fits within the ASUB2L outer shell (20A /20B). The upper lateral port (194) and the lower lateral port (195) align with their respective lateral connections (32 /29) on an ASUB2L-O/U outer shell (20A /20B) or other adapter. In this example, their flow channels are isolated by a series of O-rings (199) that wrap- around the case (193). In this depiction, as with others, flow is shown entering through the upper lateral (32) and exiting through the lower (29), although multi-directional flow is possible. Three ports located on the under-side of case (193) direct flow to the vertical pipes and annular regions, as shown on FIG. 27. The offset pipe (173) connects to the OP receiver (196), while the upper inner pipe (171) connects to the IP receiver (197). The upper annular port (198/177) is located radially behind the IP receiver (197). A removable top (200) provides access to the valve barrel (203) located within the case (193). The center stem (201) functions like the center stem described previously for the other spool assembly (23) and is outfitted with the top cap (41, not shown) or plug. An actuator (202) shifts the rotary position of the valve barrel (203) to align openings (204 / 205 or 206 / 207) with their respective lateral ports (194 /195), and openings (208-210) with their respective ports (196-198) on the bottom of case (193). Additional power and sensors may be used to operate the SCV (174) and interface with the top head micro-controller previously described. [0121] According to some embodiments, the SVC valve barrel (203) has internal channels (212) that direct flow from lateral openings (204-207) to the appropriate openings on the bottom (208- 210). The flow paths can include: (i) opening 204 that connects to opening 208; opening 206 that connects to opening 210; and openings 205 and 207, which both connect to opening 209. In embodiments, an O-ring (211) and seals within the case (193) can allow flow in those channels only when their openings (204-210) are aligned with the case ports (194-198). The two sets of lateral openings (204/205) and (206/207) are oriented more or less 90 degrees apart along the axis of the barrel (203), while the bottom openings (208-210) are aligned along the diameter. Conversely, the bottom ports (196-198) on the bottom of the case (193) are oriented between 50 and 110 degrees (depending upon channel size). This is shown, for instance, with respect to 180 and 181 of FIG. 27. Additionally, and in some embodiments, rotation of the barrel valve (203) aligns valve openings with the ports/pipe connections to direct EEF into either upper segment (178) having flow channels C and D or into lower segment (179) having flow in channels A and B. The SCV (174) swaps flow segments according to the cyclic-cylinder pattern being employed. Overall flow management to the HVHF-CGHEX is controlled by the distribution valves (122). [0122] Summary of Embodiments [0123] (Group A Embodiments) A1. A system for heat exchange, comprising: a first tube; and a second tube arranged concentrically within the first tube. [0124] A2. The system of A1, wherein the first tube is formed of a flexible material. [0125] A3. The system of A1 or A2, further comprising: one or more centralizers or turbulators arranged between the first and second tube (e.g., wherein the centralizers or turbulators are mounted on an outer surface of the second tube). [0126] A4. The system of A3, wherein at least one of the centralizers comprises: a plurality of fins arranged about a longitudinal axis of the centralizer (e.g., in a spiral configuration to form a helix); a plurality of sections; and/or at least one section having a tapered width (e.g., wherein a width of the centralizer is narrower at one or more ends of the centralizer than at the mid-point of the centralizer, or wherein the centralizer has a spiral-fluted shape). [0127] A5. The system of any of A1-A4, wherein the first and second tubes have relative widths of between 2x-3x (e.g., the outer tube is between 2-3 times as wide as the inner tube). [0128] A6. The system of any of A1-A5, further comprising: an adapter according to any of the Group C Embodiments. [0129] A7. The system of A6, further comprising: lateral piping, wherein the adapter provides a subsurface fluid connection between the first tube and the lateral piping and between the second tube and the lateral piping. [0130] A8. The system of any of A1-A6, further comprising: a ground borehole having an outer wall, wherein the first tube is in direct contact with the borehole wall (e.g., without grout). [0131] A9. The system of any A1-A8, wherein the first and second tubes are arranged vertically and underground to form a ground heat exchanger. [0132] A10. The system of any of A1-A9, wherein the at least one of the first and second tubes are vertically segmented by a partition to form an upper heat exchanging region and a lower heat exchanging region. [0133] A11. The system of A10, wherein the partition is a ported inflatable packer (PIP). [0134] A12. The system of A10 or A11, further comprising: a surface control valve (e.g., in the spool of an adapter), wherein the control valve has a first setting that restricts fluid flow to the upper thermal exchanging region, and wherein the control valve has a second setting that enables fluid flow in the lower thermal exchanging region. [0135] A13. The system of any of A1-A12, wherein the first tube has a diameter of at least 5 inches (e.g., between 6-8inches) and/or the inner tube has a diameter of at least 1.5 inches (e.g., between 2-4 inches). [0136] A14. The system of any of A1-A13, wherein the system has an EEF volume per depth of at least .100 ft 3 /ft (e.g., between .100 and .350 ft 3 /ft). [0137] A15. The system of any of A1-A14, wherein the flexible material comprises one or more of: (i) PVC, (ii) smooth or soft PVC in combination with a one or more plies of thread-like material wrap, (iii) lay flat discharge hose, and/or (iv) a material having an operating temperature in the range of -5 F to 170 F degrees. [0138] A16. The system of any of A6-A15, wherein the adapter is connected to the top of the first tube and the top of the second tube (e.g., with bolts, a gasket, and/or a landing plate and casing adapter configured to form a water-tight seal to the first and second tubes, or other connection type). [0139] (Group B Embodiments) B1. A method for a heat exchange system, comprising: inserting a first tube into a borehole; and inflating the first tube to form a fluid channel. [0140] B2. The method of B1, wherein the first tube is formed of a flexible material. [0141] B3. The method of B1 or B2, wherein the first tube is folded and/or clamped with a restraint during insertion, further comprising: removing the restraint. [0142] B4. The method of any of B1-B3, wherein the first tube comprises a weight (e.g., an external or internal weight). [0143] B5. The method of B4, further comprising: removing the weight after inflating the first tube (e.g., by lowering a wireline overshot on a cable, latching to a receiver on a top of the weight, and then retrieving the weight by retracting the cable). [0144] B6. The method of any of B1-B5, wherein the first tube forms an outer fluid channel, further comprising: inserting a second tube into the first tube to form an inner fluid channel. [0145] B7. The method of any of B1-B6, wherein the inflating causes the first tube to conform to the borehole wall. [0146] B8. The method of any of B1-B7, wherein one or more of the inflating or removing the restraint comprises filling the first tube with water. [0147] B9. The method of any of B6-B8, further comprising: attaching adapter to the first and second tubes (e.g., an adapter according to any of the Group C Embodiments). [0148] B10. The method of B9, further comprising: attaching the adapter to a plurality of lateral fluid pipes. [0149] B11. The method of any of B1-B10, further comprising: vertically segmenting the heat exchanger. [0150] B12. The method of B11, wherein vertically segmenting the heat exchanger comprises: inserting a ported inflatable packer (PIP) into the first tube to form an upper flow region and a lower flow region; and connecting the PIP with a surface control valve. [0151] B13. The method of any of B1-B12, further comprising: drilling the borehole (e.g., into bedrock material). [0152] B14. The method of any of B1-B13, further comprising: measuring one or more of temperature, pressure, and flow of a fluid in the heat exchange system (e.g., according to any of the Group G Embodiments). [0153] B15. The method of any of B1-B14, further comprising: operating the heat exchange system (e.g., by flowing water or another EEF through the inner and outer channels formed by the first and second tubes). [0154] B16. The method of B15, wherein the operating comprises a cyclic exchange of fluid through the first and second tubes (e.g., according to any of the Group F Embodiments) or performing one or more flush or access operations (e.g., according to any of the Group D embodiments). [0155] B17. The method of any of B1-B16, wherein the method is for installing a system of any of the Group A, Group C, or Group E Embodiments. [0156] B18. The method of B12-B17, wherein the vertical segmentation comprises removing an inner spool of the adapter and inserting one or more of an SCV spool, additional piping, and/or PIP. [0157] (Group C Embodiments) C1. A heat exchanger adapter, comprising: an outer shell, wherein the outer shell has a first fluid port and a second fluid port; and an internal spool assembly. [0158] C2. The adapter of C1, wherein the internal spool assembly is removable. [0159] C3. The adapter of C1 or C2, wherein the internal spool assembly is configured to direct fluid flow between at least two vertical flow paths of a concentric ground heat exchanger and the first and second fluid ports. [0160] C4. The adapter of any of C1-C3, further comprising one or more of: a locking bar; or a casing adapter (e.g., configured to mate with the borehole casing or landing plate of a heat exchanger). [0161] C5. The adapter of any of C1-C4, further comprising: one or more measurement ports (e.g., for monitoring water temperature in one or more flow paths through the adapter); and/or one or more temperature or pressure sensors (e.g., installed in the one or more ports). [0162] C6. The adapter of any of C1-C5, wherein the adapter is a subsurface adapter, further comprising: a surface riser (e.g., comprising a power or data telemetry conduit). [0163] C7. The adapter of any of C1-C6, wherein the first port is located above the second port at an outer surface of the shell (e.g., the apparatus is an ASUB2L-O/U). [0164] C8. The adapter of C7, wherein the outer shell comprises: an upper flow chamber; a lower flow chamber; and one or more separation discs (e.g., mounted to a center tube of the adapter) arranged between the upper and lower flow chambers. [0165] C9. The adapter of any of C1-C6, wherein the first and second ports are arranged at the same elevation at an outer surface of the shell (e.g., the apparatus is an ASUB2L-S/E). [0166] C10. The adapter of C9, wherein the outer shell comprises: a first flow chamber; a second flow chamber; and a separation disc configured to provide a boundary between the first and second flow chambers, wherein the separation disc is arranged at an angle (e.g., it is arranged in a plane that is not orthogonal to the surface of the outer shell or the flow channels of the heat exchanger). [0167] C11. The adapter of C10, further comprising: a lower disc, wherein the lower disc comprises a window that is configured to allow fluid to flow between the bore of a ground heat exchanger and the first or second fluid port. [0168] C12. The adapter of any of C9-C11, wherein the first fluid port and second fluid port are arranged on opposite sides of the adapter. [0169] C13. The adapter of any of C1-C12, wherein the spool assembly is a removable flushing spool that couples the first fluid port to the second fluid port. [0170] C14. The adapter of C13, wherein the first and second ports are arranged in an over-under configuration at an outer surface of the shell (e.g., the apparatus is an ASUB2L-O/U), and wherein the flushing spool comprises u-shaped connection between the first and second ports. [0171] C15. The adapter of C13, wherein the first and second ports are arranged at the same elevation at an outer surface of the shell (e.g., the apparatus is an ASUB2L-S/E), and wherein the flushing spool comprises a straight connection between the first and second fluid ports. [0172] C16. The adapter of any of C13-C15, wherein the outer shell has a stepped diameter (e.g., to interface with the channels of a ground heat exchanger) [0173] C17. The adapter of any of C1-C12, wherein the spool assembly is a removable lateral access spool. [0174] C18. The adapter of C17, wherein the spool comprises a first conduit that extends through a first (e.g., upper) chamber of the spool and provides surface access to the first fluid port (e.g., for access to an upper lateral). [0175] C19. The adapter of C17 or C18, wherein the spool comprises a second conduit that extends through a second (e.g., lower) chamber of the spool and provides surface access to the second fluid port (e.g., for access to a lower lateral). [0176] C20. The adapter of any of C1-C19, further comprising: a center tube. [0177] C21. The adapter of C20, wherein the center tube comprises an inlet or outlet port, supports one or more separation discs, comprises at least one measurement or power port, and/or is adapted to interface with a central flow channel of the heat exchanger. [0178] (Group D Embodiments) D1. A method in a ground heat exchanger having an adapter, comprising: operating the ground heat exchanger using a first removable internal spool of the adapter; removing the first removable internal spool from the adapter; inserting a second removable internal spool into the adapter, wherein the second removable internal spool provides a different functionality than the first removable internal spool; and operating the ground heat exchanger using the second removable internal spool. [0179] D2. The method of D1, wherein operating using the first removable internal spool comprises flowing water or another EEF through one or more ground channels of the heat exchanger (e.g., through first and second vertical in-ground tubes of the exchanger). [0180] D3. The method of D1 or D2, wherein operating using the second removable internal spool comprises performing a flushing operation with respect to at least one lateral connected to the adapter of the heat exchanger. [0181] D4. The method of D1, wherein the flushing operation comprises flowing water or other EEF internally between first and second ports of the adapter, and without permitting fluid flow to any heat exchange channels of the ground heat exchanger. [0182] D5. The method of D1 or D2, wherein operating using the second removable internal spool comprises performing an access operation with respect to at least one lateral connected to the adapter of the heat exchanger. [0183] D6. The method of D5, wherein the access operation comprises insertion of a measurement tool or other device (e.g., camera) into a lateral connected to the adapter, and without removal of the adapter. [0184] D7. The method of any of D1-D5, further comprising: removing the inner spool and accessing the borehole (e.g., to repair or modify the borehole, such as changing liner, repair a hole, deepen, adding a PIP). [0185] D8. The method of any of D1-D7, wherein the ground heat exchanger is a system according to any of the Group A or Group E Embodiments and the first and second internal spools are according to any of the Group C Embodiments. [0186] (Group E Embodiments) E1. A heat exchange system, comprising: a plurality of ground heat exchangers; a fluid distribution and control unit; and a plurality of pipes interconnecting the plurality of ground heat exchanges with the distribution and control unit. [0187] E2. The system of E1, wherein the distribution and control unit comprises a plurality of valves configured to control fluid flow through the pipes and between the distribution and control unit and the ground heat exchangers. [0188] E3. The system of E2, wherein the valves are remotely controllable. [0189] E4. The system of any of E1-E3, wherein each of the ground heat exchangers is individually connected to the distribution and control unit by at least one of the pipes (e.g., a pair of “home run” pipes). [0190] E5. The system of any of E1-E3, wherein a first set of the plurality of ground heat exchangers are interconnected and form a first group of heat exchangers, and wherein a second set of the plurality of ground heat exchangers are interconnected and form a second group of heat exchangers. [0191] E6. The system of E5, wherein the first group of heat exchangers are connected to the distribution and control unit by a first common pipe, and wherein the second group of heat exchangers are connected to the distribution and control unit by a second common pipe. [0192] E7. The system of any of E1-E6, further comprising: a controller (e.g., remote or co- located with the distribution and control unit). [0193] E8. The system of E7, wherein the controller comprises a processor configured to perform any of the Group F Embodiments. [0194] E9. The system of any of E1-E8, wherein the fluid distribution and control unit comprises: a first port for a first lateral connection to a first ground heat exchanger comprising a first control valve; and a second port for a second lateral connection to the first ground heat exchanger comprising second control valve. [0195] E10. The system of E9, wherein the distribution and control unit further comprises: a third port for a third lateral connection to a second ground heat exchanger comprising a third control valve; and a fourth port for a fourth lateral connection to the second ground heat exchanger comprising fourth control valve. [0196] E11. The system of E9 or E10, wherein each of the control valves is configured with two or more selectable positions (e.g., enabling flow to an LWT main, or enabling flow to an EWT main, or enabling flow to an auxiliary pipe). [0197] E12. The system of E11, wherein the selected position of a pair of the control valves determines the source and direction of fluid flow to the first and/or second ground heat exchangers (or first and/or second groups of heat exchangers) via the laterals. [0198] E13. The system of any of E1-E12, further comprising: at least one external system (e.g., a heat pump loop, outside air exchanger, solar thermal panels) fluidly coupled (e.g., via an auxiliary pipe) to the distribution and control unit. [0199] (Group F Embodiments) F1. A method of operating a plurality of ground heat exchangers, comprising: performing active heat exchange with at least one of the ground heat exchangers; redistributing an energy exchange fluid (EEF) within or between the plurality of ground heat exchangers; and resting at least one of the ground heat exchangers. [0200] F2. The method of F1, wherein the active heat exchange comprises flowing EEF having a first temperature, wherein the first temperature is selected/controlled to cause ground heat exchange with the EEF. [0201] F3. The method of F1 or F2, wherein redistributing comprises flowing EEF having a second temperature, wherein the EEF flow is selected/controlled to move a thermal EEF load within the one or more of the heat exchangers. [0202] F4. The method of any of F1-F3, wherein the resting comprises providing a time period in the at least one ground heat exchanger without EEF flow. [0203] F5. The method of any of F1-F4, wherein the active heat exchange and redistribution use different EEF flow rates. [0204] F6. The method of any of F1-F5, wherein the active heat exchange is performed for a first period of time, the redistribution is performed for a second period of time, and the resting is performed for a third period of time (e.g., where the first period of time comprises between 20% and 50% of a selected ground heat exchanger’s operation time and the second and third period of time comprise between 50% and 80% of the selected ground heat exchanger’s operation time). [0205] F7. The method of any F1-F6, further comprising: directing the EEF to one or more external systems coupled to the ground heat exchangers (e.g., a heat pump loop, outside air exchanger, or solar thermal panels). [0206] F8. The method of any of F1-F7, further comprising: receiving performance data (e.g., EWT, LWT, pressure, flow rate) from at least one of the plurality of ground heat exchangers. [0207] F9. The method of F8, wherein at least one of redistributing, resting, or directing EEF to an external system is based at least in part on the received performance data (e.g., selection of a ground heat exchanger for a particular step is based at least in part on the received data). [0208] F10. The method of any of F1-F9, wherein the plurality of ground heat exchangers comprises at least a first ground heat exchanger (or first group), a second ground heat exchanger (or second group), and a third ground heat exchanger (or third group), and wherein, during a first time period, active heat exchange is performed by the first heat exchanger (or first group) while at least one of the second and third heat exchangers (or groups) is rested or undergoes EEF redistribution. [0209] F11. The method of F10, wherein, during a second time period, active heat exchange is performed by the second heat exchanger (or second group) while at least one of the first and third heat exchangers (or groups) is rested or undergoes EEF redistribution. [0210] F12. The method of F11, wherein, during a third time period, active heat exchange is performed with by third heat exchanger (or third group) while at least one of the first and second heat exchangers (or groups) is rested or undergoes EEF redistribution. [0211] (Group G Embodiments) G1. A method of monitoring a ground heat exchange system, comprising: inserting one or more temporary sensors or measurement tools into a flow path of the ground heat exchange system, monitoring system performance using the one or more temporary sensors or measurement tools during operation of the ground heat exchange system. [0212] G2. The method of G1, wherein the one or more temporary sensors or measurement tools are inserted into the flow path during operation of the ground heat exchange system. [0213] G3. The method of G1 or G2, wherein the one or more temporary sensors or measurement tools are inserted into the ground heat exchange system or a connected lateral through a surface adapter (e.g., an adapter according to any of the Group C Embodiments). [0214] G4. The method of any of G1-G3, wherein the monitored performance comprises one or more of temperature, pressure, and flow. [0215] G5. The method of any of G1-G4, further comprising: receiving at a data logger performance data form the one or more temporary sensors or measurement tools. [0216] G6. The method of any of G1-G5, further comprising: providing power to a device (e.g., controller or permanent sensor) through an adapter of the ground heat exchange system. [0217] G7. The method of any of G1-G6, wherein the system performance is monitored by taking one or more measurements along a depth of a vertical flow channel of the ground heat exchange system (e.g., at a depth of at least 50% of the channel or at the bottom of the channel). [0218] G8. The method of any of G1-G7, wherein the ground heat exchange system is a system according to any of the Group A or Group E Embodiments. [0219] Embodiments are provided for a large diameter HVHF-CGHEX installed in competent bedrock boreholes using a flexible outer tube (3) to separate the EEF from borehole wall where: said outer tube (3) is in direct contact with the borehole wall providing maximum thermal connection; said outer tube (3) is thin, having a wall thickness between 0.050” and .250”, flexible, and comprised of PVC or other similar materials; said outer tube (3) is designed with a burst pressure that greatly exceeds the differential pressure created when elevating the internal level of EEF within outer tube (3) above the external ambient groundwater levels; and said outer tube (3) is sealed at the lower terminal end by folding along the axis and clamping the outer tube (3) in a clamp (4) comprised of two parts containing bolts to draw the parts together to secure, compress and seal the lower extremity of the outer tube (3). , [0220] In certain aspects, embodiments are provided to equip and/or convert large diameter cased boreholes drilled and completed by a variety of drilling methods and means in unconsolidated formations to become HVHF-CGHEXs. This can include the connection of an ASUB2L to the top of casing (16). In embodiments, a device (e.g., ASUB2L) for making subsurface connections between a borehole, an installed HVHF-CGHEX (or other GHEX), and lateral piping which provides internal access to the borehole, the GHEX, and the lateral piping from the surface throughout design life is provided. Examples are provided that meet a variety of installation requirements: ASUB2L-O/U (20A / 20B) providing over (32) / under (29) lateral connections, and ASUB2L-S/E (21) providing same elevation lateral connections (32 and 29A). One size of ASUB2L to fit 4, 6, and 8” HVHF-CGHEX diameters, and custom sizes for larger designs. [0221] According to embodiments, a device is provided comprised of two major assemblies — (1) an outer shell (20A / 20B / 21) and a removable internal spool assembly (23 / 67). One potential benefit is the ability to bury an ASUB2L below grade/frost that incorporates a surface riser (22) whose length can be varied to rise to the surface, or near surface, where it is covered with a cap, or a DOT rated manhole. Another potential benefit is that an outer shell (20A / 20B / 21) provides a structural element connecting the vertical wellbore to lateral piping that permits continuous access to the well bore after burial. In the O/U model, the lateral connections are positioned in an over/under configuration and more or less, oriented along the same azimuth. Other orientations are possible by customizing the relative rotation of the two flow chambers (30, 31) along the z-axis. In the S/E model, the lateral connections are located at the same elevation having an azimuth orientation more or less 180 degrees. Modification can be made by adjusting the location of 29A. [0222] In some embodiments, a device is provided comprising an internal spool assembly (23/67) that provides internal connections to one or more components of the HVHF-CGHEX, (or other GHEX). In this example: (i) said spool facilitates the installation, operation, and removal of the inner tube (6) and other down hole components; (ii) said spool (23/ 67) provides connection(s) (35, 41) for various diameter inner tubes which are selected based upon considerations of flow rates, pressure drops and transit time for the EEF; (iii) said spool separates flow channels; (iv) said spool provides an insulating layer created with an air gap or space for insulating materials between discs to separate the two flow chambers, reducing unwanted cross- channel heat transfer; (v) said spool incorporates measuring ports to provide access for the measurement of temperature, pressure, and flow as well as other parameters at the HVHF- CGHEX/GHEX/ASUB2L head; (vi) said spool incorporates a customizable orifice (43) on the side of the spool assembly (23 / 67) which may be used to regulate and balance flow for the internal flow channel (A); (vii) said spool incorporates pass-through ports on the discs of the spool assembly (23 /67) to provide sensor access to the two flow channels (A & B) to measure parameters at depth. (viii) said spool provides unimpeded access through the center tube (25) to measure depth- specific properties of the HVHF-CGHEX inner tube (6) throughout its entire length during various states of operation; (ix) the ability to actively purge air from the laterals and the top of each HVHF-CGHEX (or GHEX) utilizing a purge port atop the center stem (25) to eliminate trapped air with the potential to create an air block is a benefit; and/or (x) means are provided to install and remove the spool assembly (23 / 67) by latching onto the action ring (42) with a setting/pulling tool (not shown) operated from above ground. [0223] A sensor and control system architecture or “Smart System” can be used with active and individual control of each HVHF-CGHEX, or groupings, to maximize overall system performance. Aspects may comprise: real-time, on-board instrumentation at selected or at each HVHF-CGHEX assembly, (comprised of the in-borehole components and the ASUB2L) to monitor record, and report parameters such as temperature, pressure, and flow at various points throughout the selected device; a piping arrangement where each HVHF-CGHEX, or groups of HVHF-CGHEXs, are piped as home runs to one or more distribution and control centers; networked electro-mechanical valves controlling flow to the piping for each HVHF-CGHEX or grouping that can be operated by a user or a control system; a control system which performs active flow management and may direct EEF to the primary heat pump loop, to an outside air exchanger, to solar thermal panels, to selected HVHF-CGHEX, or other such attached devices, all for the purpose of efficiently managing the overall thermal budget within the GeoEE field; and or the use of data from a Smart System in conjunction with ML and AI to intelligently and continually optimize a field’s performance to take advantage of changing or external conditions such as advective thermal transport from groundwater moving across the field. [0224] In some embodiments a Surface Control Valve (SCV 174) is built like an embodiment of the ASUB2L center spool assembly (23) and comprises a case (193) and lower connections 197 and 196 to connect to the upper end of pipes 171 and 173, respectively. [0225] In some embodiments a design is provided that fits an ASUB2L-O/U outer shell (20A /20B). The design may, for instance: comprise with two lateral ports (194 and 195) that align with laterals connections 32 and 29, respectively; comprise an internal barrel valve (203) that rotates freely around the radial axis; comprise a removal top (200) to access the barrel valve (203) and all internal seals; comprise internal seals that prevent flow unless the valve openings (204-210) are aligned with their respective ports (194-198); comprise an actuator (202) mounted atop the upper-case disc (200) to shift the position of the barrel valve (203). In certain aspects, a barrel valve (203) can be positioned within the SCV Case (193). It may, for instance, have a minimum of four lateral openings (204-207), in sets of two, oriented at a spacing of approximately 90 degrees radially and positioned to align with lateral ports (194/195), respectively as the barrel valve (203) is rotated to various positions. It may also having three or more internal channels (212) to direct flow from the lateral openings (204-207) to three or more appropriate bottom openings (208-210), oriented at a spacing between 50-110 degrees radially and positioned to align with annular and pipe ports (196-198), respectively as the barrel valve (203) is rotated to various positions. Designs may also include a mid-body O-ring (211) to isolate upper and lower flow channels from ports 194 and 195; an actuator (200) to rotate the barrel valve (203) along its radial axis to align the respective lateral openings (204-207), with the appropriate lateral ports (194 /195) and the bottom openings (208-210) with the ports / pipe connections (196-198) to direct EEF into either the lower segment (179) having flow channels A and B or to the upper segment (178) having flow channels C and D; additional power, sensors, and electro-mechanical devices to operate the SCV (174) and interface with a micro-controller or other devices. In some embodiments, the SCV (174) can be configured to alternate flow segments (178 / 179) according to the cyclic-cylinder pattern being employed. [0226] Benefits of embodiments can include a reduction in ownership and operation risk, which is realized by simplifying the installation, and providing long-term access the borehole and laterals enabling GHEX to be installed, modified, or repaired in tight site locations. This can provide reduced cost to the owner for the same or greater thermal capacity. [0227] While various embodiments are described herein, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example only, and not limitation. Thus, the breadth and scope of this disclosure should not be limited by any of the above described exemplary embodiments. Moreover, any combination of the above-described elements in all possible variations thereof is encompassed by the disclosure unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. [0228] Additionally, while the processes described above and illustrated in the drawings are shown as a sequence of steps, this was done solely for the sake of illustration. Accordingly, it is contemplated that some steps may be added, some steps may be omitted, the order of the steps may be re-arranged, and some steps may be performed in parallel.