The invention relates to a driving mechanism used primarily to actuate iron fittings and locking devices of doors and windows, that includes a casing, a force application device provided with a connection piece, a first driving subassembly that includes a driving gear and is connected to the connection piece of the force application device, as well as one or more power transmission pieces being in momentum transfer connection with the first driving gear of the first driving subassembly, while a motion transfer subassembly provided with one or more cogged push-elements as well as a second driving subassembly provided with a driven gear are inserted between the driving gear of the first driving subassembly and the power transmission piece.

Driving mechanisms are used in a number of fields in both the industry and the agriculture, with the task of altering the direction or magnitude or both of the input momentum as required.

It is well known that, when dimensioning the gears of various driving mechanisms, the rolling diameter of gears can be obtained by reducing the number of teeth or the module or, usually, the size of teeth as well, with given material quality assumed. With the force being transferred by a gear tooth assumed to be constant and the size of teeth shall not be reduced in order to prevent any tooth from being broken, the minimum number of teeth shall be limited; in fact, the meshing of a gear and a cogged bar below a specified number of teeth fails to meet the operating requirements.

Should, therefore, gears with rolling circle diameter below that specified by the so called "limit number of teeth" be required, the size of teeth shall also be reduced, also involving the thickness of teeth to be reduced which, in turn, reduces the force allowed to be transferred to a quadratic extent.

In additon to certain fields of industry, the problems outlined above appear in an increased degree in the case of small size driving mechanisms used particularly for closing the windows and doors - primarily the entrance doors - of buildings when designing the gears of driving mechanisms to actuate the iron fittings of doors and window.

The patent description DE P4.111.464 relates to a diving mechanism that includes small size cogged wheels with cogged bars between them used as motion transfer elements; thus, due to its small overall dimensions, the door frame shall not be cut away to a large extent, thus preventing it from being weakened.

Its disadvantage is, however, that its internal mechanical arrangement - due to the small size cogged wheels - makes it complicated to be connected to the iron fittings that can be accommodated in standardized frames of wooden (Ell) and plastic windows.

It is also unfavourable that the square hole machined in the cogged wheel in contact with the handle pin is so small as to acommodate only special handle pin that differs from that standardized.

It is a further disadvantage that, due to the mechanical design, very high forces act in the driving mechanism which may result in early usure or, alternatively, very cost intensive manufacturing technology and high quality material shall be used.

The solution according to the invention aims at eliminating the deficiencies of the driving mechanisms built with small-size gears and creating a mechanism for use primarily in locking devices and iron fittings that enables small-size mechanisms to be built which, at the same time, is capable of transferring high forces.

It is further aimed at establishing the possibility of linear motion as long as possible and of variable amplitude associated with small angular displacement of driving mechanism.

The solution according to the invention is based on the recognition that, if more gears designed according to the rules known in themselves with number of teeth below the limit value will be arranged side by side, turned them away relating to each other in a specific way, the task can be solved.

According to the objective set, the driving mechanism according to the invention used primarily to actuate iron fittings and locking devices of doors and windows, - that includes a casing, a force application device provided with a connection piece, a first driving subassembly that includes a driving gear and is connected to the connection piece of the force application device, as well as one or more power transmission pieces being in momentum transfer connection with the first driving gear of the first driving subassembly, while a motion transfer subassembly provided with one or more cogged push-elements as well as a second driving subassembly provided with a driven gear are inserted between the driving gear of the first driving subassembly and the power transmission piece - is designed in a manner that the driven gear of the second driving subassembly is composed of two or more rolling wheels turned away relating to each other by an angle less than one pitch and/ or the driving gear of the first driving subassembly is composed of two or more component wheels turned away relating to each other by an angle less than one pitch.

A further criterion of the driving mechanism according to the invention may be that one or more carrying wheels are firmly connected through linking elements to the rolling wheels that form the driven gear.

In respect of the embodiment, it is preferable that the cogged push- element is provided with driven rows of teeth arranged parallel, however, offset longitudinally to each other, according to the arrangement of the rolling wheels forming the driven gear of the second driving subassembly. At least part of the driven rows of teeth on the cogged push-element are arranged on shanks separated by a separating channel.

In another version of the driving mechanism, the cogged push- element is provided with driving rows of teeth arranged parallel, however, offset longitudinally to each other, according to the arrangement of the component wheels forming the driven gear of the first driving subassembly.

In respect of the invention, it may be advantageous that the power transmission piece is provided with a cogged insertion piece with its cogging adapted to the teeth of the carrying wheel on the second driving subassembly, and the cogged insertion piece is arranged in the separating channel located between the shanks of the cogged push-element.

The invention has a number of advantageous features. The most important one is, that the new design of the driving mechanism enables high momentum to be transferred, by using small-size gears with number of teeth below the lower limit, while ensuring long service life and preserving the appropriate strength.

A further advantage is that, in spite of the reduced dimensions, handle pins of standardized size can be used and, in addition, the driving mechanism can be built into frames of windows made of either wood, plastic or aluminium in a simple way, while ensuring long service life and operational safety.

It is also favourable that the component parts of the driving mechanism can be produced by using traditional technology and usual materials, thus, their production costs remain at the same level as compared to the costs of known solutions, in spite of the improved parameters.

In the following, the invention is described in detail in connection with exemplary embodiments, based on the figures as follows:

Fig. 1 represents the partly sectional side view of one version of the driving mechanism.

Fig. 2 shows a view of Fig. 1 from direction II.

Fig. 3 shows a sectional view of Fig. 2 along the plane III-III.

Fig. 4 shows a sectional view of Fig. 2 along the plane IV-IV.

Fig. 5 shows a detail of Fig. 3 as viewed from the direction V.

Fig. 6 shows a detail of Fig. 1 as viewed from the direction VI.

Fig 1 represents the side view of an exemplary embodiment of the driving emchanism according to the invention. It is shown that the la half casing and lb half casing are fastened together by means of the lc connecting elements into the 1 casing.

In the la half casing and lb half casing - as also shown in Fig. 3 - , the 31 driving gear of the 3 first driving subassembly, composed in this embodiment of the two 31a and 31a' component wheels fastened together shifted by one half a pitch to each other. Each of the 31a and 31a' component wheels is provided with the 31c opening which enables the 31 driving gear to be connected to the force application device - not indicated in the figure - i.e. the handle in this particular case.

Of course, it is also possible that the 31a component wheels will be made as a single component. Or even, it shall mentioned here, that the 31 driving gear of the 3 first driving subassembly can be made of a single 31a component wheel, depending on the space available.

The 31b teeth of the 31a and 31 a 'component wheels - as shown in both the Fig. 3 and Fig. 5 - mesh with the 41a driving rows of teeth on the 41 cogged push-element of the 4 motion transfer subassembly.

Fig. 6 shows this 41 cogged push-element. It is shown that the 41a driving rows of teeth also move side by side and are also shifted relating to each other, according to the relative angular position of the 31a component wheels that form the 31 driving gear of the 3 first driving subassembly.

The 41 cogged push-element also includes the 41b driven rows of teeth arranged on the 41c shanks that protrude like fingers. Between the 41c shanks, the 41 d separating channel is arranged which accommodates the 22 cogged insertion piece of the 2 power transmission piece, provided with 22a cogging.

Returning to the Fig 1, it is well shown that both the 22 cogged insertion piece fastened to the 2 power transmission piece and the 41b driven rows of teeth of the 41 cogged push-element on the 4 motion transfer subassembly are in momentum transfer connection with both the 51 driven gear and the 52 carrying wheel of the 5 second driving subassembly. Otherwise, the 41 cogged push-element of the 4 motion transfer subassembly is inserted into the If guide path formed in the la half casing and lb half casing of the 1 casing, while the said If guide path enables the 4 motion transfer subassembly to be slided in a controlled way along the 1 casing.

As shown in Fig. 4., the 51 driven gear is composed of the 51a rolling wheels that flank the 52 carrying wheel in this embodiment. It shall be noted here that, due to its small size, each of the 51a rolling wheels is provided with 51b teeth in number below the lower limit and, as in the case of the 31 driving gear, they are also shifted in relation to each other. The 51a rolling wheels forming the 51 driven gear of the 5 second driving subassembly are fastened by means of the 53 linking elements to the 52 carrying wheels.

Of course, both the 51a rolling wheels and the 52 carrying wheels of the 51 driven gear can be made as solid components e.g by using powder metallurgic procedures or in some other way. However, in this embodiment, the 53 linking element consists of a bar of square section e.g. with 5 mm side length which implements the momentum transfer between the components due to its shape.

As shown in Fig. 1, the 51 driven gear of the 5 second driving subassembly and the 52 carrying wheel that forms a single unit with the 51 driven gear are located in the le hole machined in the 1 casing. On the side of le hole opposite to the 4 motion transfer subassembly, the Id indentation is machined into the wall of the 1 casing. Consequently, the 5 second driving subassembly is interposed between the 41b driven rows of teeth of the 41 cogged push-element on the 4 motion transfer subassembly, on the one part, and the Id indentation of the le hole in the 1 casing, on the other part, allowing its displacement and rotation.

Fig 1 also shows the 6 front panel fastened to the 1 casing, through the 6a slots of which the 21 primary switching elements of 2 power transmission piece are passed and also guided to move along a straight line. The 21 primary switching elements are connected to the 7a secondary switching elements of the 7 latching bars, so as to transfer the force to the 7 7 latching bars.

As shown in Fig. 2, the 22 cogged insertion piece connects to the 2 power transmission piece by means of the 22b fastening pins. Of course, this can also be implemented in another way, or even, the 22 cogged insertion piece and the 2 power transmission piece may form a single piece.

During the operation of the driving mechanism according to the invention, the 31 driving gear turned away causes- due to the connection between the 31b teeth of the 31a component wheels and the 41a driving rows of teeth of the 41 cogged push-element on the 4 motion transfer subassembly - the 41 cogged push-element of the 4 motion transfer subassembly to be displaced along the If guide path of the 1 casing in the longitudinal direction of the 1 casing, depending on the sense of rotation.

The 41b driven rows of teeth of the 41 cogged push-element moving along a straight line, that are connected to the 51b teeth of 51a rolling wheel on the 5 second driving subassembly put the 51 driven gear into motion which, during its complex motion - in fact, in rotates around its axis, on the one hand, and is also displaced along the 1 casing - rolls down on the Id indentation that forms the wall of the le hole in the 1 casing.

Along with the 51 driven gear that rols down, the 52 carrying wheel also performs rotational motion, while being its 52a teeth meshed with the 22a cogging of the 22 cogged insertion piece on the 2 power transmission piece. The 22a cogging also forms a cogged bar which - due to the accelerating transmission implemented by the 52 carrying wheel of diameter larger than that of the 51 driven gear according to the transmission ratio of 52 carrying wheel and the 51 driven gear - moves at a higher speed, thus making a larger displacement as compared to that made by the 41 cogged push-element.

Finally, the 2 power transmission piece thus displaced transfers the force transferred and modified by the driving mechanism through the 21 primary switching elements and the 7a secondary switching elements to the 7 latching bar. With the figures described, it is reasonable to mention that - although the figures represent only an exemplary embodiment - ,. yet, it can be easily imagined that the driving mechanism can be implemented in other configuration as well.

While preserving the principle, a single, or even, more 51a rolling wheels can also be used instead of two ones. Another wersion is also possible, in which - in addition to the one 2 power transmission piece - a second 2 power transmission piece is also arranged at the bottom of the narrower bottom part of the 1 casing which, of course, involves some rearrangement in the component parts.

The driving mechanism can also be implemented in a manner that a further 5 second driving subassembly is arranged in the 1 casing on one side of the 31 driving gear, alongside of the 1 casing e.g. symmetrically to the 31 driving gear, which is connected to a further 2 power transmission piece. This 2 power transmission piece moves always in a direction opposite to that of the first 2 power transmission piece, which is able to drive a second 7 latching bar also moving in the direction opposite to that of the first 7 latching bar. This enables a closing device with latching bars of diverging motion to be implemented, which is very favourable for windows of special pivoting.

The driving mechanism according to the invention - due to the double or multiple cogging that differs from those known so far - is well suitable to be used primarily for implementing momentum transfer devices that require small-size gears, thus, among others, for driving latches and iron fittings. Of course, it can also be used in other fields of the industry.

List of references

casing la half casing lb half casing lc connecting element

Id indentation le hole

If guide path power transmission piece 21 primary switching element

22 cogged insertion piece

22a cogging

22b fastening pin first driving subassembly 31 driving gear

31a component wheel

31b tooth

31c opening motion transfer subassembly 41 cogged push-element

41a driving row of teeth

41b driven row of teeth

41c shank

41 d separating channel second driving subassembly 51 driven gear

51a rolling wheel 51b cog

52 carrying wheel

52a tooth

53 linking element front panel 6a slot latching bar 7a secondary switching element