Technical field

The electromagnetic motor as per this invention is designed especially for the energy conversion from electric to mechanical and from mechanical to electric.

Prior art

All power converters, especially electric motors, are currently manufactured without the support of a permanent magnet for an electromagnet. This "failure" is the cause of losses in electric motors powered by DC or AC to the electromagnet in the stator. Losses also occur during the transfer of a permanent magnet pole in the rotor through the core of the electromagnet, causing a high resistance and losses in the electric motor. This failure is chiefly observed in electric motors with a steel armature and is visible in particular in DC motors having a permanent magnet in the stator, which have the windings wound around the armature in the rotor with a commutator. The Commutator, which must be located on the rotor under load, switches large currents, and it is for this reason that it is difficult to maintain and align.

Such devices are difficult to produce, have high losses and high wear of the rotor in particular, and the commutator, which must be repaired or replaced often.

Background of the invention

The aforementioned failures are eliminated by the solution according to this invention since the electromagnetic motor consists of a stator and rotor located on the shaft, and the invention further consists of a device for reversing polarity. It also consists of at least two electromagnets and the same number of permanent magnets which are installed between the electromagnets. The permanent magnet may be from a one-piece magnet or composed of individual pieces. A preferred variant of the electromagnetic motor is one in which the stator is equipped with at least two electromagnets and the same number of permanent magnets, and the rotor consists of at least one permanent magnet.

When switching the current to the electromagnets, the permanent magnets mounted between the electromagnets help amplify and accelerate the flow of the magnetic field, thus accelerating the rotation of the rotor to the opposite poles. Permanent magnets between the electromagnets ensure smooth flow of the magnetic field along the entire circumference of the stator. After switching the current to electromagnets, the flow of the magnetic field is redirected from the permanent magnets to the electromagnets, which causes the acceleration and amplification of the flow of magnetic field in the electromagnets, and thus accelerates and amplifies the rotor's rotation.

Another variant of the electromagnetic motor according to this invention is when a rotor is equipped with at least two electromagnets and the same number of permanent magnets. Permanent magnets between the electromagnets ensure the smooth flow of the magnetic field along the entire inner circumference of the rotor, and the stator is made of at least one permanent magnet.

Preferably, the rotor should be an inner rotor, at least two-pole, and consisting of at least one permanent magnet installed on the shaft. Another preferred solution is when an outer rotor is at least two-pole and consists of at least one permanent magnet installed on the inner side of the rotor.

The polarity reversing device may be an electronic switch or mechanical switch.

Permanent magnets in the electromagnetic motor between the electromagnets help during startup of the motor and reduce its wear.

The output and high efficiency of the electromagnetic motor can be achieved not only by properly designed electromagnets and permanent magnets installed opposite them, but also by installing sufficiently strong permanent magnets between the electromagnets.

There can be any number of electromagnets with permanent magnet located in the stator or in rotor, provided that they are aligned correctly. There can also be any number of permanent magnets installed opposite the electromagnets provided that it corresponds to the given number of electromagnets. It is important to maintain the correct alignment and switching of current and voltage polarity to the electromagnets. The conventional electric motor is an example of the proper number of electromagnets with its corresponding number of permanent magnets.

A big advantage of the electromagnetic motor is also the fact that it works at very low voltage with a low number of revolutions, as well as at high voltage with a higher number of revolutions, with high efficiency.

Production of the electromagnetic motor is another advantage. Based on this invention each electromagnet is separate and may be wound independently. The stator or rotor is then assembled together with electromagnets and permanent magnets. In case of electromagnet failure, it is then only necessary to replace the electromagnet and rewind it, as needed. It is not necessary to disassemble the entire device, only the damaged part.

An electromagnetic motor may be powered with DC as well as AC with the use of the correct mechanical or electronic switch for the voltage polarity reversal for electromagnet switching.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. No. 1 shows a diagram of an electromagnetic motor with an inner rotor (1), having four electromagnets (3), with permanent magnets (5) installed in the stator (4), and one permanent magnet of cylindrical shape installed on a metal shaft (2) in a two-pole rotor (1) and having two-phase voltage polarity switching (6).

Fig. No. 2 shows a diagram of an electromagnetic motor with an inner rotor (1), having eight electromagnets (3), with permanent magnets (5) installed in the stator (4), and four segmentshaped permanent magnets installed on a metal shaft (2) in a four-pole rotor (1) and having two-phase voltage polarity switching (6).

Fig. No. 3 shows a diagram of an electromagnetic motor with an inner rotor (1), having six electromagnets (3), with permanent magnets (5) installed in the stator (4), and four segmentshaped permanent magnets installed on a metal shaft (2) in a four-pole rotor (1) and having three-phase voltage polarity switching (6).

Fig. No. 4 shows a diagram of an electromagnetic motor with an inner rotor (1), with twelve electromagnets (3), with permanent magnets (5) installed in the stator (4), and eight segmentshaped permanent magnets installed on a metal shaft (2) in the eight-pole rotor (1) and having three-phase voltage polarity switching (6).

Fig. No. 5 shows a diagram of an electromagnetic motor with an outer rotor (1), with six electromagnets (3), with permanent magnets (5) installed in an inner stator (4), and eight permanent magnets of segment shape installed on the inside of the outer eight-pole rotor (1) fitted on the shaft (2) and having three-phase voltage polarity switching (6).

Fig. No. 6 shows a diagram of an electromagnetic motor with an inner rotor (1), with six electromagnets (3), with permanent magnets (5) installed in the rotor (1), on the shaft (2), and two segment- shaped permanent magnets installed in the stator (4) and commutator voltage polarity switching (6).

Examples of Invention

Example 1

The electromagnetic motor consists of a stator 4 made of dynamo sheet metal of type M530- 50A, C3 Remisol EB 5018, 0.5 mm thick up to a total thickness of 20 mm, and which consists of six separate electromagnets 3, separated by permanent magnets 5. Width of the electromagnet 3 sheets is 10 mm and the same width is on the wings which pass into the stator 4. The reason for this is that the flow of the electromagnetic field is in one direction, and, after polarity reversal, it flows in the other direction, which is a significant difference compared to conventional electric motors. The magnetic field in such motors flows in both directions at the same time. A copper wire coil is wound around each electromagnet 3. The electric connection of the electromagnets 3 is a star-shaped form, resulting in a three-phase connection. Permanent magnets 5 are made of neodymium blocks with dimensions of 20x20x20 mm placed within the stator 4 in such a way as to allow the magnetic field to flow evenly around the circumference of the stator 4. The rotor 1 consists of a stainless steel shaft 2, to which the rotor 1 and four segment- shaped magnets 5 are affixed in such way to form a four-pole rotor 1 with alternating north and south poles.

The front assemblies of the electromagnetic motor are made from hard alloy aluminium (durable aluminium) with rolling bearings through which the stainless steel shaft 2 passes. The front assemblies and stator 4 are assembled together and affixed with six stainless steel screws with metric thread.

An electronic three-phase brushless controller 6 with three Hall-effect sensors, which sense the position of the rotor 1 are installed on the rear face of the electromagnetic motor and affixed with screws. Hall-effect sensors are located on the printed circuit inside the motor in a position to sense the position of the poles on the rotor 1, while ensuring the correct switching of currents from the commutator-free controller 6 to the electromagnets 3 in a star-shaped connection.

Example 2

The electromagnetic motor consists of an inner stator 4 made of dynamo sheet metal of type M530-50A, C3 Remisol EB 5018, 0.5 mm thick up to a total thickness of 30 mm and which consists of six separate electromagnets 3, separated by permanent magnets 5. Width of the electromagnet 3 sheets is 12 mm and the same width is on the wings which pass into the stator 4. The reason for this is the flow of the electromagnetic field is in one direction, and, after polarity reversal, flows in the other direction. A copper wire coil is wound around each electromagnet 3. The electric connection of the electromagnets 3 is a star- shaped form, resulting in a three-phase connection. Permanent magnets 5 are neodymium blocks with dimensions 30x20x10 mm placed within stator 4 in such way as to allow the magnetic field to flow evenly around the circumference of the stator 4. The inner stator 4 is fitted with rolling bearings through which passes the stainless steel shaft 2 of the outer rotor 1.

The rotor 1_ consists of a stainless steel shaft 2, to which the outer rotor j_ and eight segmentshaped magnets 5 are affixed in such way as to form an eight-pole external rotor j_ with alternating north and south poles.

An electronic three-phase brushless controller 6 with three Hall-effect sensors, which sense the position of the rotor 1_ is installed on the printed circuit and affixed with screws on the inner stator 4 of the electromagnetic motor. Hall-effect sensors are located on the printed circuit inside the motor in a position to sense the position of poles on the rotor 1 while ensuring the correct switching of current from the brushless controller 6 to the electromagnets 5 in a star- shaped connection.

Example 3

The electromagnetic motor consists of an outer stator 4 made from a steel tube which is fitted from the inside with two segment- shaped magnets 5 with opposite poles.

The rotor 1 consists of a stainless steel shaft 2, fitted with the cores of the electromagnets 3 which are made from electrical steel, and upon which the copper wire coil is wound. The cores are connected through permanent magnets 5 in order to create a flow of the magnetic field along the inner circumference of the rotor L The shaft 2 is fitted with a commutator consisting of six isolated metal lamellae stacks electrically connected to the rotor windings 1. The electromagnetic motor terminals make contact with the lamellae by way of spring- loaded carbon leads, at any given point in time, they feed only some pairs of lamellae. When the rotor 1 revolves, the direction of current - the voltage polarity changes to the opposite pole.

The front assemblies of the electromagnetic motor are manufactured from a combination of materials which include rolling bearings and accumulators, which are two spring-loaded carbon leads connected to DC.

Industrial applicability

The electromagnetic motor is an energy conversion device that can be used, in particular, for the conversion of electric current to mechanical work or vice versa with high efficiency.