Technical Field

The invention relates to ladders consisting of steps, which are used to ascend or descend from a place.

Prior Art

The tools used to ascend and descend a working area, which is usually at a height, are called ladders. Ladders in the correct shape that allow reaching the desired height or descending from a fixed structure by being abutted at a certain angle are called lean-to ladders.

In the prior art, lean-to ladders, which are generally single piece, are used. Singlepiece lean-to ladders can be quite lengthy depending on the usage area. Long ladders are very difficult to use, install and especially move.

In the prior art, there are ladders known as acrobat ladders and used as leaning, V- type and U-type. The acrobat ladders mentioned are generally folded from three different points. It takes up a lot of space when folded. It is very difficult to carry and use. In addition, it is not possible to use the desired length. Steps cannot be added or removed.

In the prior art, there are leaning and V type ladders known as telescopic ladders. Telescopic ladders are tools that can telescope each other and can be lengthened and shortened. Telescopic ladders in the prior art take up less space than acrobat ladders in their closed form. However, telescopic ladders cannot be used in large lengths. It is not possible to use the desired length. It is not possible to add or remove steps.

Portable folding ladder is mentioned in the Chinese utility model document coded CN201705191U in the prior art. The mentioned ladder can be folded without tools thanks to its side outer plates, foldable intermediate plates and foldable side inner plates. In the aforementioned application, two symmetrical legs, which are composed of side plates that are axially connected to a middle plate and that create a "U" form together with the said middle plate during use, and a ladder that is formed by adding the desired number of units end to end, consisting of a step connecting the said symmetrical leg to each other are mentioned. The mentioned ladder is difficult to install. After installation, an additional action is required for fixing.

Purpose of the Invention

The aim of the invention is to obtain a high-strength, easily foldable and portable ladder that can be installed and folded without using any tools.

Another aim of the invention is to obtain an easy foldable and portable ladder that the length can customized depending on need and demand. Another aim of the invention is to obtain an easy foldable and portable ladder that occupies little space in the folded position.

Another aim of the invention is to obtain a portable ladder that can be easily carried by putting it in a bag when folded.

The lean-to ladder developed to achieve the mentioned purposes includes a leg (10) with at least one cocking spring (40) positioned between the lugged plate (11) and the middle plate (12) and/or between the middle plate (12) and the outer plate (13) to enable easy installation.

Description of Figures

Attached Figure - 1 is the front perspective view of the two-layer, installed ladder.

Figure- 2 is the front view of the two-layer installed ladder.

Figure-3 is the top perspective view of the folded ladder.

Figure- 4 is the top view of the open staircase.

Figure-5 is the side view of the folded ladder.

Figure- 6 is the front perspective view of the two-layer, installed ladder.

Figure- 7 is the detail view of the two-layer, installed ladder.

Figure-8 is the front view of the middle plate.

Figure- 9 is the front detail view of the middle plate.

Figure- 10 is the front perspective view of the spring.

Figure- 11 is the top view of the spring.

Figure- 12 is the front perspective view of the four-storey ladder.

Figure- 13 is the top view of the lugged plate.

Figure-14 is the top perspective view of the lugged plate.

Figure- 15 is the top view of the outer plate.

Figure- 16 is the top perspective view of the outer plate.

Figure- 17 is the top view of the middle plate.

Figure- 18 is the top perspective view of the middle plate.

Figure- 19 is the rear perspective view of the middle plate.

Figure- 20 is the top perspective view of the folded ladder.

Figure- 21 is the top view of a single leg in closed state.

Figure- 22 is the top view of a single leg disassembled.

Figure- 23 is the top view of the middle plate disassembled.

Figure- 24 is the top view of a single leg disassembled.

Figure-25 is the top view of a single leg disassembled.

Figure-26 is the detail view of a single leg disassembled.

The main parts expressed in the figures are given below as numbers and names.

(U) Unit

(10) leg

(11) Lugged plate

(H.l) Lug

(11.2) Long edge fixing tab

(11.2.1) Fixing slot

(11.3) Short edge fixing tab

(11.3.1) Fixing hole

(11.4) Spring fixing extension slot

(11.5) Overhang space (12) Middle plate

(12.1) Spring slot

(12.2) Long edge fixing tab

(12.2.1) Fixing slot

(12.3) Short edge fixing tab

(12.3.1) Fixing hole

(12.4) Spring fixing extension slot

(12.5) Overhang space

(12.6) Support

(12.7) Support gap

(13) Outer plate

(13.1) Spring fixing extension slot

(13.2) Long edge fixing tab

(13.2.1) Fixing slot

(13.3) Short edge fixing tab

(13.3.1) Fixing hole

(13.4) Overhang space

(13.5) Support element fixing channel

(20) Step

(30) Support element

(40) Cocking spring

(41) Fixing extension

(42) Shaft clearance

(50) Base

(60) Shaft

(70) Perforated rivet

(80) Base fixing spindle

(90) Base fixing apparatus

(100) Base fixing bracket shaft

Explanation of the Invention

The invention relates to ladders consisting of steps, which are used to ascend or descend from a place. The ladder that is the subject of the invention includes two legs (10), step (20), support element (30), cocking spring (40), base (50), shaft (60), perforated rivet (70), base fixing spindle (80), base fixing apparatus (90) and base fixing bracket shaft (100)

The step ladder, which is the subject of the invention, has two legs (10). The legs (10) are connected to each other by steps (20). With the step (20), the user can ascend and descend to the desired height. In high ladder applications and/or in cases where heavy loads need to be carried up, in addition to the step (20), the support element (30) connecting the two legs (10) can be used. The support element (30) is fixed to the support element fixing channel (13.5) on the outer plate (13). It is prevented that the support element (30) and the two legs (10) are separated from each other.

The support element (30) may be made of different materials such as rope, cable, plastic or metal. In addition, by using apparatus such as bag buckle on the support element (30), both the length can be adjusted easily and the fastening process can be done easily. A "H" shaped unit consisting of each leg (10) and step (20) is called a unit (U). In the ladder subject to the invention, the units (U) are combined to form a portable and easy folding ladder.

Each leg (10) of the ladder which is the subject of the invention includes lugged plate (11), middle plate (12), outer plate (13) and step (20). The two legs (10) in each unit (U) are connected to each other by steps (20). When the ladder is desired to be raised, units (U) can be added on top of each other. In the same way, when it is wanted to be reduced, the mentioned ladder can be shortened by decreasing the number of units (U).

Lugged plate (11) includes lug (11.1), long edge fixing tab (11.2), short edge fixing tab (11.3), spring fixing extension slot (11.4) and overhang space (11.5). The lug

(11.1) ensures that the step (20) is fixed to the lugged plate (11). The long edge fixing tab (11.2) is used to fix the lugged plate (11) to the middle plate (12). The short edge fixing tab (11.3) provides the connection with the lower and/or upper layer.

In the lugged plate (11), there are overhang spaces (11.5) where long edge fixing tabs (11.2) are not. The overhang spaces (11.5) are in the shape and size that the long edge fixing tabs (12.2) on the middle plate (12) can enter.

Middle plate (12) includes two spring slots (12.1), long edge fixing tab (12.2), short edge fixing tab (12.3), spring fixing extension slot (12.4) and overhang space (11.5). The long edge fixing tabs (12.2) on the middle plate (12) ensure that the said middle plate (12) is fixed both to the lugged plate (11) and to the outer plate (13).

In the middle plate (12), there are overhang spaces (12.5) where the long edge fixing tabs (12.2) are not. The overhang spaces (12.5) are in the shape and size that the long edge fixing tabs (11.2) on the lugged plate (11) and the long edge fixing tabs

(13.2) on the outer plate (13) can enter.

Outer plate (13) contains spring fixing extension slot (13.1), long edge fixing tabs

(13.2), short edge fixing tabs (13.3) and overhang spaces (13.4). The long edge fixing tabs (13.2) on the outer plate (13) ensure that the said outer plate (13) is fixed to the middle plate (12).

In the outer plate (13), there are overhang spaces (13.4) where the long edge fixing tabs (13.2) are not. The overhang spaces (13.4) are in the shape and size that the long edge fixing tabs (12.2) on the middle plate (12) can enter.

Each of the long edge fixing tabs (11.2, 12.2, 13.2) on the lugged plate (11), the middle plate (12) and the outer plate (13) includes a fixing slot (11.2.1, 12.2.1, 13.2.1). The concave parts of said fixing slots (11.2.1, 12.2.1, 13.2.1) are in such a way that they are alternately front and back.

Lugged plate (11) and outer plate (13) to the middle plate (12) and long edge fixing tabs (11.2, 13.2) on the said lugged plate (11) and outer plate (13), should be fixed by being placed on overhang spaces (12.5) on the middle plate (12). In other words, the overhang spaces (11.5, 13.4) on the lugged plate (11) and the outer plate (13) are placed in such a way that they coincide with the long edge fixing tabs (12.2) on the middle plate (12). After the overhang spaces (11.5, 12.5, 13.4) are placed to coincide with the long edge fixing tabs (11.2, 12.2, 13.2), the shaft (60) is passed through the fixing slots (11.2.1, 12.2.1) located in the long edge fixing tabs (11.2, 12.2, 13.2) The shaft (60) and the lugged plate (11), the middle plate (12) and the outer plate (13) are prevented from being separated from each other.

While the shaft (60) is passed through the fixing slots (11.2.1, 12.2.1, 13.2.1), the cocking spring (40) is placed into the spring slot (12.1) located in the middle plate (12). The shaft (60) is passed through the shaft clearance (42) inside the cocking spring (40) and is passed through the other long edge fixing tabs (11.2, 12.2, 13.2) and the overhang spaces (11.5, 12.5, 13.4). While the shaft (60) connects the lugged plate (11), the middle plate (12) and the outer plate (13), the cocking spring (40) is fixed to the spring slot (12.1). The shaft (60) is made of spring steel. In alternative applications of the invention, it can also be produced from different materials.

The cocking spring (40) has two fixing extensions (41). The fixing extensions (41) make an angle of 90 degrees with each other. One of the fixing extensions (41) enters the spring fixing extension slot (11.4) on the lugged plate (11). The other fixing extension enters the spring fixing extension slot (12.4) located in the middle plate (12). Again, the cocking spring (40) is placed in the spring slot (12.1) located on the other side of the middle plate (12). Here, too, one of the fixing extensions (41) of the cocking spring (40) enters the spring fixing extension slot (13.1) on the outer plate (13). The other fixing extension (41) enters the spring fixing extension slot (12.4) located in the middle plate (12).

Spring fixing extension slots (11.4, 12.4, 13.1) ensure that the user is not harmed in any way during folding or assembling. With said spring fixing extension slots (11.4, 12.4, 13.1), the energy stored in the cocking spring (40) is transferred to the lugged plate (11), middle plate (12) and/or outer plate (13). In this way, said lugged plate (11), middle plate (12) and/or outer plate (13) can be easily installed.

When the leg (10) is closed, that is, in the "U" form, the cocking spring (40) is in its free position. When the leg (10) is opened to be folded, that is, it is brought into the "I" form, the cocking spring (40) is in the installed position. When it is desired to open the ladder for use, it is installed with a single movement thanks to the installed cocking spring (40).

The installed cocking spring (40) applies force to bring the leg (10) into a “U” form. There is at least one support (12.6) on the middle plate (12) in order to prevent the leg (10) from closing more than the "U" shape with the force of the said cocking spring (40) or any external force. The support (12.6) is positioned near the edge of the front and/or rear surface of the middle plate (12). When the ladder is installed, the lugged plate (11) and the outer plate (13) abut against the support (12.6) located in the middle plate (12). In this way, the leg (10) maintains the "U" form. The leg (10) is stronger and more stable thanks to its “U” form.

There is a short edge fixing tab (12.3) at both ends of the middle plate (12). There are two short edge fixing tabs (12.3) at one end, and three short edge fixing tabs (12.3) at the other end. Two support gaps (12.7) are positioned on the side where the three short edge fixing tabs (12.3) are located. There is a support (12.6) on the side where there are two short side edge fixing tabs (12.3). When the ladder, which is the subject of the invention, is desired to be folded, the supports (12.6) on the side with two short edge fixing tabs (12.3) coincide with the support gaps (12.7) on the side where three short edge fixing tabs (12.3) are located. In this way, the ladder can be folded neatly.

When the ladder is wanted to be folded, it should be pulled outward slightly by holding the outer plates (13) on the two legs (10) of the said ladder. Afterwards, the legs (10), which come to the "I" form, are easily folded over each other with the help of the hand. The folded ladder can be easily carried in a bag.

When a leg (10) with two or more layers is desired to be used, the lugged plate (11), middle plate (12) and outer plates (13) forming the said leg (10) must be positioned on top of each other. The bottom layer and the top layer are fixed to each other with perforated rivets (70). Said fastening process is made from the short edge fixing tabs (11.3, 12.3, 13.3) located on the upper and lower edges of the lugged plate (11), the middle plate (12) and the outer plate (13). The perforated rivet (70) is driven into the fixing holes (11.3.1, 12.3.1, 13.3.1) located in the short edge fixing tabs (11.3, 12.3, 13.3). The plates in the lower layer and the upper layer can move around the perforated rivet (70). With the said movement, the layers can be folded one on top of the other.

Units (U) are positioned one above the other or one below the other so that the next unit is symmetrical to the previous unit. E.g; the middle plate (12) is positioned one above the other as a left (L) plate and a right (R) plate. The outer plate (13) and the lugged plate (11) are positioned in the same way.

The base (50) can be placed on each leg (10) of the ladder, which is the subject of the invention, if needed or requested. The base (50) prevents the leg (10) from slipping. The base (50) is fixed to the leg (10) with the base fixing apparatus (90) and the base fixing bracket shaft (100). The base (50) is fixed to the fixing holes (11.3.1, 12.3.1, 13.3.1) located on the short edge fixing tabs (11.3, 12.3, 13.3) with the base fixing apparatus (90) and the base fixing bracket shaft (100). At the top of the ladder, the base (50) can be used so that the said ladder does not damage the places as walls etc. it leans on.

A ladder includes units consisting of two symmetrical legs which consisting of side plates that are connected to a middle plate axially and that form a "U" form together with the said middle plate during use, and a step that connects the said symmetrical legs to each other, wherein the said ladder is formed by adding the desired number of units end to end, and characterized in that; including,

- a leg (10) with at least one cocking spring (40) positioned between the lugged plate (11) and the middle plate (12) and/or between the middle plate (12) and the outer plate (13) for easy installation.