Technical Field

The invention relates to ladders consisting of steps, which are used to ascend or descend to a place.

Prior Art

The tools used to ascend to and descend from a working area, which is usually at a height, are called ladders. Ladders in the upstanding shape that allow reaching the desired height or descending from the height by being abutted to a fixed structure at a certain angle are called lean-to ladders.

In the prior art, lean-to ladders, which are generally single-piece, are used. Singlepiece lean-to ladders can be quite lengthy depending on the usage area. Long ladders are very difficult to use, install and especially move.

In the prior art, there are ladders known as acrobat ladders, which can be used in various ways as lean-to type, V or A-type, U type when desired. The acrobat ladders mentioned are generally folded from three different points. It takes up a lot of space when folded. It is very difficult to carry and use. In addition, it is not possible to use the ladder in the desired length. It is not possible to add or remove steps.

In the prior art, there are ladders known as telescopic ladders that turn into a long lean-to ladder when opened. Telescopic ladders are tools that can telescope each other and can be lengthened and shortened. Telescopic ladders in the prior art take up less space than acrobat ladders in their closed form. However, telescopic ladders cannot be used in large lengths. It is not possible to use the ladder in the desired length. It is not possible to add or remove steps.

Portable folding ladder is mentioned in the Chinese utility model document coded CN201705191U in the prior art. The mentioned ladder can be folded without tools thanks to its side outer plates, foldable intermediate plates and foldable side inner plates. In the aforementioned application, two symmetrical legs, which are composed of side plates that are axially connected to a middle plate and that create a "U" form together with the said middle plate during use, and a ladder that is formed by adding the desired number of units end to end, consisting of a step connecting the said symmetrical leg to each other are mentioned. The mentioned ladder is difficult to install. After installation, an additional action is required for fixing. In the prior art, there is no ladder that can be folded and used both as A-type and lean-to type.

Purpose of the Invention

The aim of the invention is to obtain a high-strength, easily foldable and portable A-type ladder, which can be assembled and folded without using any tools.

Another aim of the invention is to obtain an easy foldable and portable A-type ladder, the length of which can be customized as needed.

Another aim of the invention is to obtain an easy foldable and portable A-type ladder that occupies little space in the folded position.

Another aim of the invention is to obtain a portable A-type ladder that can be easily transported by being put in a bag when folded.

Lean-to ladder developed to achieve the mentioned purposes is characterized in that including platform (110) with a pawl (111) on at least one side, which holds front and rear leg (10) groups together by preventing them from opening during its usage in order to ensure A-type usage, and short edge fixing tabs (13.3) that connect outer plates (13) in the said front and rear leg (10) groups in a way that they can rotate around the folding axis (160) in order to provide folded and installed positions of the system that prevents the front and rear leg (10) groups from being separated from each other.

Description of Figures

Attached Figure - 1 is the front perspective view of the two-step, A-type ladder installed.

Figure- 2 is the front perspective view of the two-step, A-type ladder with its platform disassembled.

Figure- 3 is the side view of the two-step, A-type ladder with its platform disassembled.

Figure- 4 is the front perspective view of a two-step, A-type ladder made straight for folding.

Figure -5 is the front perspective view of the folded version of the two-step A-type ladder.

Figure- 6 is the front perspective view of the folded version of the two-step A-type ladder.

Figure- 7 is the top view of a unit unfolded to be folded.

Figure- 8 is the top perspective view of the disassembled two-step, A-type ladder. Figure- 9 is the side view of the disassembled two-step, A-type ladder.

Figure- 10 is the front perspective view of the assembled two-step A-type ladder. Figure- 11 is the detailed view of the assembled two-step A-type ladder. Figure- 12 is the detailed view of the assembled two-step A-type ladder.

Figure- 13 is the detailed view of the assembled two-step A-type ladder.

Figure- 14 is the side view of the leg.

Figure- 15 is the detail view of the leg.

Figure- 16 is the top perspective view of the spring.

Figure- 17 is the top view of the spring.

Figure- 18 is the top view of the lugged plate.

Figure- 19 is the top perspective view of the lugged plate.

Figure- 20 is the top view of the middle plate.

Figure- 21 is the top perspective view of the middle plate.

Figure- 22 is the top perspective view of the rear surface of the middle plate.

Figure- 23 is the top view of the outer plate.

Figure- 24 is the top perspective view of the outer plate.

Figure- 25 is the top perspective view of a unit.

Figure- 26 is the detailed view of the outer part.

Figure- 27 is the detailed view of the outer part.

Figure- 28 is the top perspective view of a unit.

Figure- 29 is the front view of the leg.

Figure- 30 is the detailed view of the leg.

Figure- 31 is the front perspective view of the spring ring pin.

Figure- 32 is the front perspective view of the springless ring pin.

Figure -33 is the top perspective view of the disassembled two-step, A-type ladder.

The main parts expressed in the figures are given below as numbers and names.

(U) Unit

(10) Leg

(11) Lugged plate

(1 L1) Lug

(11.2) Long edge fixing tab

(11.2.1) Fixing slot

(11.3) Short edge fixing tab

(11.3.1) Fixing hole

(11.4) Spring fixing extension slot

(11.5) Overhang space

(12) Middle plate

(12.1) Spring slot

(12.2) Long edge fixing tab

(12.2.1) Fixing slot

(12.3) Short edge fixing tab

(12.3.1) Fixing hole

(12.4) Spring fixing extension slot

(12.5) Overhang space

(12.6) Support (12.7) Support gap

(13) Outer plate

(13.1) Spring fixing extension slot

(13.2) Long edge fixing tab

(13.2.1) Fixing slot

(13.3) Short edge fixing tab

(13.3.1) Fixing hole

(13.4) Overhang space

(13.5) Support element fixing channel

(20) Step

(30) Support element

(31) Adjustment buckle

(40) Cocking spring

(41) Fixing extension

(42) Shaft clearance

(50) Base

(60) Shaft

(70) Perforated rivet

(80) Base fixing spindle

(90) Base fixing device

(100) Base fixing bracket shaft

(110) Platform

(111) Pawl

(120) Support platform

(121) Pin hole

(130) Hinge

(140) Fixing pin

(150) Locking pin

(151) Retaining ring

(152) Ball

(160) Folding axis

Explanation of the Invention

The invention relates to A-type ladders consisting of steps, which are used to ascend to or descend from a place. The ladder that is the subject of the invention contains a total of four legs (10), two at the front and two at the back, step (20), support element (30), cocking spring (40), base (50), shaft (60), perforated rivet (70), base fixing spindle (80), base fixing device (90), base fixing bracket shaft (100), platform (110), support platform (120), hinge (130) and fixing pin (140).

The ladder which is the subject of the invention has a total of four legs (10), two at the front and two at the back. The front leg (10) group and the rear leg (10) group are connected to each other by steps (20). With the step (20), the user can ascend to and descend from the desired height. In high ladder technics and/or in cases where heavy loads need to be carried up, in addition to the step (20), the support element (30) that connects the two front or rear leg (10) and/or the front and rear leg (10) groups can be used. The support element (30) is fixed to the support element fixing channel (13.5) on the outer plate (13). Through the support element (30), the separation of the two front or rear legs (10) from each other is prevented. It also prevents the front and rear leg (10) groups from being separated from each other.

The support element (30) may be made of different materials such as rope, cable, plastic or metal. In addition, there is an adjustment buckle (31) on the support element (30). The tension of the support element (30) can be adjusted easily with the adjustment buckle (31). In addition, the support element (30) can be easily removed in the cases of getting folded. In alternative applications of the invention, the support element (30) can also be used to connect the front and rear leg (10) groups to each other.

"H" shaped unit consisting of each leg (10) and step (20) is called a unit (U). In the ladder subject to the invention, the units (U) are combined to form a portable and easy folding ladder.

The ladder, which is the subject of the invention, includes two sets of legs (10), one at the front and one at the back. The front leg (10) group is connected to the rear leg (10) group with the platform (110). The platform (110) is fixed on the step (20) located at the highest point of the front leg (10) group and on the step (20) located at the highest point of the rear leg (10) group. With the platform (110), it is prevented that the front and rear leg (10) groups are separated from each other during use.

One side of the platform (110) is fixed to the support platform (120). The other side is placed on the step (20) in the group of the front or rear legs (10). The process of fixing to the support platform (120) is done with hinge (130). With the hinge (130), the platform (110) can move 360 degrees both on the support platform (120) and towards the other side. In this way, the platform (110) can be easily moved during installation and folding.

The support platform (120) is fixed to the lugged plates (11) located on the opposite legs (10) located on the upper end unit (U) of the ladder. Said fixing process is done with pin holes (121) and fixing pins (140) on the support platform (120).

While one side of the platform (110) is straight, the other side contains pawl (111). The pawl (111) prevents the said platform (110) from coming back over the step (20) when the platform (110) is placed on the step (20). In addition, the pawl (111) prevents the front leg (10) group and the rear leg (10) group from being separated from each other. In an alternative application of the invention, pawl (111) can be found on two, three or four sides of the platform (110). The A-type ladder which is the subject of the invention, when it is wished to be folded; first, the pawl (111) on the platform (110) must be removed from the step (20). After the pawl (111) is removed from the step (20), the platform (110) is positioned so that it is above or below the support platform (120). Afterwards, the front and rear leg (10) groups are combined to give the appearance of a lean-to ladder.

After the A-type ladder comes in view of lean-to type, the lugged plates (11) or middle plates (12) on an upper or lower layer are fixed to each other with the locking pin (150). After the mentioned fixing process, the A-type ladder, which comes in the view of a lean-to ladder, is pulled outward slightly by holding the outer plates (13) on its two legs (10). Thus, it is ensured that the leg (10) come to the "I" form. The legs (10), which come into the "I" form, are folded on top of the other by easily making one inside and one outside with the help of the hand. The folded ladder can be easily transported by being put in a bag and/or taking the shape of a bag.

When the folded A-type ladder is desired to be opened for use, the locking pins (150) in the folding part do not need to be removed from both legs (10). The locking pin (150) includes a retaining ring (151) and a ball (152). Said locking pins (150) can be connected to the place where they are used with the help of a chain or rope with the retaining ring (151) on it. In this way, the locking pins (150) are prevented from being lost. In addition, it can be easily disassembled and mounted by being held with the retaining ring (151).

The balls (152) on the locking pin (150) are in the shape and size that can be inserted into the fixing hole (12.3.1, 11.3.1) located in the short edge fixing tabs (12.3, 11.3) on the middle plate (12) and the lugged plate (11). With the balls (152), the locking pin (150) is prevented from coming out of the fixing holes (12.3.1, 11.3.1) by itself. The locking pin (150) can be easily removed and installed by hand without using any auxiliary tools. In alternative applications of the invention, the locking pin (150) can also be used without a ball (152). In addition, in different alternative applications, a cotter pin can be used instead of the locking pin (150).

The locking pin (150) ensures that the ladder can be used as a lean-to type as well as A-types and the "I" form is maintained during folding. Said locking pin (150) connects the middle plate (12) located in the folding part and the short edge fixing tabs (12.3, 11.3) located on the lugged plate (11).

Each leg (10) of the ladder subject to the invention contains lugged plate (11), middle plate (12), outer plate (13) and step (20). The two legs (10) in each unit (U) are connected to each other by steps (20). When it is desired to raise the ladder, units (U) can be added on top of each other. In the same way, when it is desired to reduce the number of units (U), the mentioned ladder can be shortened. Lugged plate (11) contains lug (11.1), long edge fixing tab (11.2), short edge fixing tab (11.3), spring fixing extension slot (11.4) and overhang space (11.5). The lug

(11.1) ensures that the step (20) is fixed to the lugged plate (11). The long edge fixing tab (11.2) is used to fix the lugged plate (11) to the middle plate (12). The short edge fixing tab (11.3) provides the connection with the lower and/or upper layer.

In the lugged plate (11), there are overhang spaces (11.5) where long edge fixing tabs (11.2) are not. The overhang spaces (11.5) are in the shape and size that the long edge fixing tabs (12.2) on the middle plate (12) can enter.

Middle plate (12) includes two spring slots (12.1), long edge fixing tab (12.2), short edge fixing tab (12.3), spring fixing extension slot (12.4) and overhang space (11.5). The long edge fixing tabs (12.2) on the middle plate (12) ensure that the said middle plate (12) is fixed both to the lugged plate (11) and to the outer plate (13).

In the middle plate (12), there are overhang spaces (12.5) where the long edge fixing tabs (12.2) are not. The overhang spaces (12.5) are in the shape and size that the long edge fixing tabs (11.2) on the lugged plate (11) and the long edge fixing tabs

(13.2) on the outer plate (13) can enter.

Outer plate (13) contains spring fixing extension slot (13.1), long edge fixing tab

(13.2), short edge fixing tab (13.3) and overhang space (13.4). The long edge fixing tabs (13.2) on the outer plate (13) ensure that the said outer plate (13) is fixed to the middle plate (12).

In the outer plate (13), there are overhang spaces (13.4) where the long edge fixing tabs (13.2) are not. The overhang spaces (13.4) are in the shape and size that the long edge fixing tabs (12.2) on the middle plate (12) can enter.

Each of the long edge fixing tabs (11.2, 12.2, 13.2) on the lugged plate (11), the middle plate (12) and the outer plate (13) includes a fixing slot (11.2.1, 12.2.1, 13.2.1). The concave parts of said fixing slots (11.2.1, 12.2.1, 13.2.1) are in such a way that they are alternately flat.

Lugged plate (11) and outer plate (13) are fixed to middle plate (12), long edge fixing tabs (11.2, 13.2) on said lugged plate (11) and outer plate (13), are fixed by being placed in overhang spaces (12.5) on middle plate (12). In other words, the overhang spaces (11.5, 13.4) on the lugged plate (11) and the outer plate (13) are placed in such a way that they coincide with the long edge fixing tabs (12.2) on the middle plate (12).

After the overhang spaces (11.5, 12.5, 13.4) are placed to coincide with the long edge fixing tabs (11.2, 12.2, 13.2), the shaft (60) is passed through the fixing slots (11.2.1, 12.2.1) located in the long edge fixing tabs (11.2, 12.2, 13.2). Through the shaft (60), the lugged plate (11), the middle plate (12) and the outer plate (13) are prevented from being separated from each other.

While the shaft (60) is passed through the fixing slots (11.2.1, 12.2.1, 13.2.1), the cocking spring (40) is placed into the spring slot (12.1) located in the middle plate (12). The shaft (60) is passed through the shaft clearance (42) inside the cocking spring (40) and is passed through the other long edge fixing tabs (11.2, 12.2, 13.2) and overhang spaces (11.5, 12.5, 13.4). While the shaft (60) connects the lugged plate (11), the middle plate (12) and the outer plate (13), it ensures that the cocking spring (40) is fixed in the spring slot (12.1). The shaft (60) is made of spring steel. In alternative applications of the invention, it can also be produced from different materials.

The cocking spring (40) has two fixing extensions (41). The fixing extensions (41) make an angle of 90 degrees with each other. One of the fixing extensions (41) enters the spring fixing extension slot (11.4) on the lugged plate (11). The other fixing extension (41) enters the spring fixing extension slot (12.4) located in the middle plate (12). Again, the cocking spring (40) is placed in the spring slot (12.1) located on the other side of the middle plate (12). Here, too, one of the fixing extensions (41) of the cocking spring (40) enters the spring fixing extension slot (13.1) on the outer plate (13). The other fixing extension (41) enters the spring fixing extension slot (12.4) located in the middle plate (12).

Spring fixing extension slots (11.4, 12.4, 13.1) ensure that the user is not harmed in any way during folding or assembling. With said spring fixing extension slots (11.4, 12.4, 13.1), the energy stored in the cocking spring (40) is transferred to the lugged plate (11), middle plate (12) and/or outer plate (13). In this way, said lugged plate (11), middle plate (12) and/or outer plate (13) can be easily installed.

When the leg (10) is closed, that is, in the "U" form, the cocking spring (40) is in its free position. When the leg (10) is opened to be folded, that is, brought into the "I" form, the cocking spring (40) is in the installed position. When it is desired to open the ladder for use, it is installed with a single movement thanks to the cocking spring (40).

The installed cocking spring (40) applies force to bring the leg (10) into a “U” form. There is at least one support (12.6) on the middle plate (12) in order to prevent the leg (10) from closing more than the "U" shape with the force of the said cocking spring (40) or any external force. The support (12.6) is positioned near the edge of the front and/or rear surface of the middle plate (12). When the ladder is installed, the lugged plate (11) and the outer plate (13) abut against the support (12.6) located in the middle plate (12). In this way, the leg (10) maintains the "U" form. The leg (10) is stronger and more stable thanks to its “U” form. There is a short edge fixing tab (12.3) at both ends of the middle plate (12). Said middle plate (12) has two short edge fixing tabs (12.3) at one end, and three short edge fixing tabs (12.3) at the other end. Two support gaps (12.7) are positioned on the side where the three short edge fixing tabs (12.3) are located. There is a support (12.6) on the side where there are two short edge fixing tabs (12.3). When the ladder, which is the subject of the invention, is desired to be folded, the supports (12.6) on the side with two short edge fixing tabs (12.3) correspond to the support gaps (12.7) on the side where three short edge fixing tabs (12.3) are located. In this way, the ladder can be folded neatly.

When a leg (10) with two or more layers is desired to be used, the lugged plate (11), middle plate (12) and outer plates (13) forming the said leg (10) must be positioned on top of each other. The bottom layer and the top layer are fixed to each other with perforated rivets (70). Said fastening process is made from the short edge fixing tabs (11.3, 12.3, 13.3) located on the upper and lower edges of the lugged plate (11), the middle plate (12) and the outer plate (13). The perforated rivet (70) is driven into the fixing holes (11.3.1, 12.3.1, 13.3.1) located in the short edge fixing tabs (11.3, 12.3, 13.3). The plates in the lower layer and the upper layer can move around the perforated rivet (70). With the said movement, the layers can be folded one on top of the other.

Units (U) are positioned one above the other or one below the other so that the next unit (U) is symmetrical to the previous unit (U). E.g; the middle plate (12) is positioned one above the other as a left (L) plate and a right (R) plate. The outer plate (13) and the lugged plate (11) are positioned on top of each other as a left and right piece.

The base (50) can be placed on each leg (10) of the ladder, which is the subject of the invention, if needed or requested. The base (50) prevents the leg (10) from slipping. The base (50) is fixed to the leg (10) with the base fixing device (90) and the base fixing bracket shaft (100). The base (50) is fixed to the fixing holes (11.3.1, 12.3.1, 13.3.1) located on the short edge fixing tabs (11.3, 12.3, 13.3) with the base fixing device (90) and the base fixing bracket shaft (100). At the top of the ladder, the base (50) can be used so that the said ladder does not damage the place such as walls it leans on.

In an alternative application of the invention, the ladder can also be used without the platform (110) and the support platform (120). The separation of the base (50) and/or the support element (30) and the front and rear leg (10) groups from each other can be prevented. Thus, an A-type ladder can be used without the platform (110) and the support platform (120).

A ladder that is formed by two symmetrical legs, which are used to go up or down from a place and connected to a middle plate axially and composed of side plates that forms “U” form with the said middle plate during use, and formed by adding the desired number of units, which are composed of a step that connects the said symmetrical legs into each other, ends end to end, and characterized in that; including:

- a platform (110) with a pawl (111) on at least one side that prevents the front and rear leg (10) groups from being opened during use,

- short edge fixing tabs (13.3) that connect outer plates (13) in the said front and rear leg (10) groups in a way that they can rotate around the folding axis (160) in order to provide folded and installed positions of the system that prevents the front and rear leg (10) groups from being separated from each other for easy installation.