| US20050155347A1 | 2005-07-21 | |||
| RU2129661C1 | 1999-04-27 | |||
| US4347702A | 1982-09-07 |
| VII. Patent claims 1. Method for transforming the thermal energy into mechanical one, using Freon as work body that is heated by external thermal source, in two phases - liquid and gaseous state that moves into the closed system of heat exchangers influencing the work body transforming the pressure into mechanical work of kinematic type featured with the fact that the work body is Freon or another refrigerator agent in two-phase state, liquid and gaseous, placed in a closed system of pipeline or plate heat exchangers where it gets heated by external thermal sources resulting in its pressure being pro rata its temperature and via the influence on the work body that is performed as piston single-action cylinders (3) and (6) which are vertically and mirror-like located in equilibrium and connected for balancing the supportive internal pressure via rocker shaft (16) making the Freon from the heat exchanger - evaporator (20) having higher energy level and pressure of the work body to influence the work body via generating reciprocating mechanical energy as part of the resulting mechanical energy via single-action piston cylinders (4) and (5) supercharge the cooled liquefied processed Freon from heat exchanger - condenser (1) through heat exchanger - recuperator (not shown on the figure) in heat exchanger - evaporator (20) and the other part of the generated mechanical energy sets into motion the executive devices or via transformer of the reciprocating into rotating single-direction movement and electrical energy. 2. Design of low-temperature engine for transforming heat into mechanical and electrical energy, consisting of heat exchangers that are interconnected, as well as connected to sources of thermal energy and to generator of mechanical energy, piston cylinders that are connected via pipelines with vents, reversing valves, piston pumps, transformer of reciprocating into rotational movement that are assembled to them, featured with the fact that the work body is Freon or another refrigerator agent that is located in a closed system and is in two-phase state, liquid and gaseous in at least two pipeline or plate heat exchangers, heat exchanger - condenser (1) and heat exchanger - evaporator (20) with pressure that is pro rata to its temperature that through vents (7, 8, 9 and 10) gets in the generator of mechanical energy that is designed as at least four single-action piston cylinders (3, 4, 5 and 6) in symmetrical manner - mirror-like, vertically located over steady base (15) whose stems are connected to the rocker shaft (16) from which piston cylinders (3) and (6) generate mechanical energy and via rocker shaft (16) connected to the executive devices piston pumps (18) and (21) and via transformer of the reciprocating into rotational movement (22) via redactor (23) and electrical generator (24) generates electrical energy and via single-action piston cylinders (4 and 5) and through the reversing valves (1 , 12, 13 and 14) transfer the work body from the heat exchanger - condenser (1) into heat exchanger - evaporator (20) whose pressure is proportional to the temperature, as all heat exchangers (1) and (20) have plate-like or pipeline construction and together with the pipelines and the other elements are designed for high pressure and they contain Freon in liquid and gaseous phase in a closed system and in the work volume below the pistons of the single-action piston cylinders (3, 4, 5 and 6); 3. Device according to claim 1 , featured with the fact that both shoulders of the rocker shaft (16) are individually performed as consoles and they are located in parallel as each of them is connected with the stems of symmetrically mirror-like vertically located single-action groups of piston cylinders, correspondingly (3, 4 and 18), (5, 6 and 21) as the ends of both shoulders (consoles) are at equal distances and are interconnected in an equilibrium system with at least two chains that make the executive devices piston pumps (18) and (21) and others move with a reciprocating movement or via a transformer of the reciprocating into rotational two-directional movement they drive the primary shaft and via transitory transmissions, single-directional mechanical or electrical connectors and shafts the outlet shaft generates single-directional rotational movement together with executive devices connected to it such as redactor (23), electrical generator (24) etc.; 4. Device according to claim 3, featured with the fact that the stems of the piston cylinders (4) and (5) are interconnected with at least two chains with autonomous equilibrium with setting in motion the shoulder - consoles each of which is connected to a group of piston cylinders correspondingly (3, 4 and 18) and (5, 6 and 21); 5. Device according to claim 2, featured with the fact that a heat pump was performed whose evaporator cools the heat exchanger - condenser (1) and the generated heat after the compression heats up the work body via the heat exchanger - recuperator (it is not shown on figure 1) before transferring it into heat exchanger - evaporator (20) or the work body of piston cylinders (3) and (6); 6. Device according to claim 2, featured with the fact that a heat pump was performed that cools down the heat outflow of heating (19) after heat exchanger - evaporator (20) and the generated thermal energy via heat exchanger - recuperator (not shown on figure 1) heats up the work body before it gets transferred in heat exchanger - evaporator (20) or the work body of the piston cylinders (3) and (6); 7. Device according to claim 2, featured with the fact that a heat pump was performed for increasing the energy level of the inflow of the thermal media for heating up (19) of the heat exchanger - evaporator (20); 8. Device according to claim 2, featured with the fact that at least two devices are subsequently connected in a system at stages, as the outflow of heating (19) of heat exchanger - evaporator (20) of the transitory device is the inflow for heat exchanger - evaporator (20) of the next device; 9. Device according to claim 2, featured with the fact that transformer of the reciprocating movement into rotational one can be performed via chain, strip, teeth, strap, combined and other types of transmissions together with mechanical, single-directional or electrical connectors; 10. Device according to claim 2, featured with the fact that an equipment was performed over a levelled terrain for the accumulation of solar energy as thermal source of transparent polymer sleeve, with at least two-layer transparent thermal insulation of the upper surface, in which a water layer is located with small depth as the water is used for thermal media of the low- temperature engine; |
BULGARIA - TOWN OF VIDIN
METHOD AND DESIGN OF THE LOW-TEMPERATURE HEAT ENGINE FOR TRANSFORMING THE HEAT IN MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY
I. Field of the equipment
The invention refers to the method and design of the low-temperature engine for transforming the heat in mechanical and electrical energy which can be applied in industry, energy, transport, agriculture, domestic life etc. for turning the thermal and solar energy in mechanical work, electrical or other type of energy. II. Preceding condition of the equipment,
We are well aware of the method and design for transforming the thermal energy in mechanical where the thermal media is a single-component work body, being carbon dioxide in two-phase state - liquid and gaseous, the work body moves in a closed system of heat exchangers and the carbon dioxide is heated by external thermal source, resulting in the multifold increase of the carbon dioxide volume with the significant increase of its pressure, as the pressure of the thermal media is transformed via the work body into mechanical work of kinetic type (1).
The shortcomings of the design of the heat-exchanging engine for transforming the thermal energy into mechanical one are the significant weight and area, as well as terminating the process because of change of the designation of the reversing heat exchangers and their particular heating and cooling.
III. Technical essence.
The task of the invention is to create a method for transforming the thermal energy into mechanical, whose technical implementation requires the usage of small- dimension device in which effectively to achieve pressure increase of the used work body with the increase of its temperature, as well as to create a device of the low-temperature engine for transforming the heat into mechanical and electrical energy that has a simplified mechanical construction functioning with significantly decreased heat losses, as well as increased Energy Conversion Efficiency because of the usage of equilibrium system of piston cylinders such as generator for transforming the thermal energy into mechanical and to create an effective transformer of the reciprocating movement into a single-director rotational. in conformity with the invention, this task should be achieved via the method and design for transforming the thermal energy into mechanical one, using Freon as work body that is heated by external thermal source, in two phases - liquid and gaseous state. As a result of the absorbed heat, the work body increases its pressure, moves into the closed system of heat exchangers with constant designation at least two, thus the Freon pressure influencing the work body that comprises at least four piston cylinders in which the pressure gets transformed into mechanical work of kinematic type. They are interconnected and are connected to thermal energy sources via pipelines with assembled valves, taps, vents and reversing valves, transformer for the reciprocating movement into a otational one, mobile rocker shaft and piston pumps. Two of the piston cylinders generate mechanical energy and the other two piston cylinders supercharge the work body from the heat exchanger - condenser into heat exchanger - evaporator filled with Freon in gaseous and liquid condition. The resulting reciprocating mechanical energy via the transformer for the reciprocating movement into a rotational one and a reduction gear set the electric generator into motion.
All heat exchangers have pipe or plate construction and together with the pipelines and the piston cylinders are performed for high pressure.
The work body could be a Freon or other type of refrigerator agent.
The advantages of the low-temperature engine for transforming the thermal energy into mechanical and electrical are the following:
1. The transformation of the thermal energy into mechanical work is performed at low temperatures of the thermal source and the thermal media from 5 °C to 99 °C;
2. Significantly increased effectiveness due to the usage of closed equilibrium system and the usage of piston cylinders for work body with increased Energy Conversion Efficiency up to 40% of the transformed heat into mechanical and electrical energy; 3. Generates reciprocating, single-directional rotational movement and electrical energy;
4. Allows the stationary and mobile assembly due to the small dimensions and the simplified construction;
5. Mechanical work and electrical energy that result from various types of thermal energy - solar, waste energy from cooling productions in the field of industry, energy, as well as from burnable energy sources - domestic, plant, wooden, industrial etc. waste products and fossils;
6. The generated mechanical energy has an application in the transport, agriculture and industry;
7. Assimilating the solar energy via heating the water in basins or transparent polymer sleeves with thermally insulated surfaces and water layer depth up to 10 cm making it possible for the accumulated heat to reach 100 °C with which the device functions on 24-hour basis and after sunset. From 1 to 1 ,5 kilowatt solar energy is attributable to one square meter;
8. The low-temperature heat engine functions in combination with various thermal sources even when there is no solar radiation;
IV. Description of the applied figures
The invention is detailed further on with the assistance of the exemplary implementation of the device of low-temperature engine for transforming the heat into mechanical and electrical energy that is presented at the figure with its mechanical construction, whose heat exchangers volume has been filled in with two-phase work body.
V. Examples of implementation.
The method of transforming the heat into mechanical and electrical energy is about using Freon as work body that gets heated by external thermal source in two-phase state - liquid and gaseous moving in a closed system and setting into motion the work body performed as piston cylinders and heat exchangers with permanent designation, in which the pressure is pro rata to their temperature. In the case of heat assimilation irrespective of the type and source, the increase of the Freon temperature in one heat exchanger results in the pressure increase of the work body thus setting into motion the work body made up of piston cylinders that generate mechanical energy. The resulting reciprocating energy is transformed into single-directional rotational motion and electrical energy. The generated mechanical energy is transmitted to various executive devices as reciprocating rotating or electrical energy.
According to the description and figure 1 , the exemplary implementation of the low-temperature engine for transforming the heat into mechanical and electrical energy with two-phase work body, at least four piston cylinders and at least two heat exchangers with two stages of the work cycle.
The construction consists of at least four piston cylinders (3, 4, 5 and 6) of which (3) and (6) function as work body and the piston cylinders (4) and (5) transfer the liquid phase of the Freon in the heat exchangers which are at least two, heat exchanger - evaporator (20) and heat exchanger - condenser (1) which are connected via pipelines (25) and the corresponding vents (7, 8, 9 and 10), reversing valves (11), (12), (13) and (14) and tap (17) via which cyclic functioning Ihe device is achieved as they are mechanically or electrically managed by the mobile rocker shaft (16) connected to steady base (15) over which the following items are fixed in mirror-like, symmetric and vertical manner: the piston cylinders (3, 4, 5 and 6), the transformer of the reciprocating into rotating movement (22), piston pumps (18) and (21), reduction gear (23) and electric generator (24).
The beginning of the first stage of the work cycle of the low-temperature engine is the moment when the heat exchanger - evaporator (20) starts to perceive heat from the thermal source and the energy state of the Freon increases inside it, thus increasing its pressure and making it flow through tap (17) and vent (9) in the oiston cylinder (3) whose stem sets the rocker shaft into motion (16) making the piston pumps (18) and (21) move with generated reciprocating mechanical movement and via transformer of the reciprocating into rotating movement (22) sets the reduction gear (23) and the electric generator (24) into motion that generates electrical energy. The opening of vent (9) opens vent (8) through which the processed gas Freon of the piston cylinder (6) passes along pipeline (25) in heat exchanger - condenser (1) where it condenses at lower temperature and pressure and via the reversing valve (11) gets inside the piston cylinder (4) and the liquid Freon phase in the piston cylinder (5) under the influence of the mobile rocker shaft (16) supercharges the work body through the reversing valve (14) along pipeline (25) in heat exchanger - evaporator (20) thus finalizing the first stage of the work cycle of the devices and vents (9) and (8) get closed.
The second stage is implemented via opening vent (10), Freon from heat exchanger-evaporator gets in the piston cylinder (6) with high temperature and pressure from heating up (19) thus moving the rocker shaft via the stem (16) and transfers the mechanical movement of the piston pumps (18) and (21) as the generated reciprocating energy via transformer of the reciprocating into rotating movement (22) and via increasing redactor (23) sets the electric generator (24) into motion that generates electrical energy. The opening of vent (10) opens vent (7) and the processed gas Freon of the piston cylinder (3) passes through vent (7) in heat exchanger - condenser (1) where it condenses at lower temperature and pressure and via the reversing valve (12) gets inside the piston cylinder (5) and the rocker shaft (16) moves the piston cylinder (4) from which the liquid phase of Freon through reversing vent (13) along pipeline (25) supercharges inside the heat exchanger - evaporator (20). Thus the work cycle is completely finalized and after closing the vents (7) and (10) it is repeated anew.
The low-temperature engine for transforming heat into mechanical and electrical energy works in a closed system and the work body is Freon, ammonium, or other refrigerator agent. The piston cylinders (3, 4, 5, and 6) are located in mirror-like, symmetric and vertical manner connected to steady base (15) and the rocker shaft (16) is assembled above or below them and is connected to their stems with hinges, via forks or gliders.
In order to achieve better heat transformation, a thermal pump or counterflow heat exchangers could be included to the low-temperature engine, as well as to subsequently include two or more devices as the subsequent one works with the outflowing current of the thermal media of the preceding one.
In order to increase the effectiveness of the device, the regulator of supercharging ! :he condensed Freon is switched on via piston cylinders (4 and 5) from the heat exchanger - condenser (1) into heat exchanger - evaporator (20).
The generated reciprocating mechanical energy via a transformer of the reciprocating rotating movement (22) that is constructed as teeth-strip, chain or screw gear is transformed into single-directional rotating movement with small losses.
The control of the following vents (7, 8, 9 and 10) is automated via end switchers that are set into motion by the rocker shaft (16) in mechanical, electromagnetic manner or with permanent magnetos. The vents could be replaced with four-way fitting.
In order to increase the power, we should construct low-temperature engines with larger dimensions or we should connect in parallel several devices to a single or various thermal sources.
VI. Usage of the invention.
The low-temperature engine for transforming the heat into mechanical and electrical energy is environmentally friendly and generates reciprocating mechanical and electrical energy from heat that results from various sources such as waste heat from cooling productions in the energy field (thermal power plants, nuclear power plants, central heating stations), as well as the chemical metallurgy, food, cement, ceramic and other types of industries, and the generated energy is used back in the manufacturing process, thus increasing the effectiveness and protecting the environment. The low-temperature engine works with various burnable sources such as domestic, plant, wooden and other waste and fossils - coals, petroleum, gas etc.
The low-temperature engine transforms the solar energy via accumulation (and heating up to 99 °C) the water in basins or transparent polymer sleeves with thermally insulated surfaces with two- or three-layer polymer covers and water layer depth up to 10 cm that accumulates 10 kW/h per square meter for 10 hours of solar radiation, and the low-temperature engine works with this heat on 24-hour basis and after sunset via transforming it into mechanical and electrical energy.
The low-temperature engine is implemented in the car and water transportation, agriculture etc.
In a cubic meter of water that was heated up to 99 °C the contained heat is equivalent to 100 kW/h.
The coefficient of transforming the heat into mechanical and electrical energy achieves Energy Conversion Efficiency in the case of one-stage low-temperature engine up to 40% and in the case of two-stage low-temperature engine it reaches an Energy Conversion Efficiency of 60%.
Bibliography:
1. BG, patent application Ns108559 for "Heat exchange engine", published in bulletin N28/2005, class F 25 B 30/00. Legend to figure 1
- Heat exchanger - condenser 0 - Heat exchanger - evaporato
, 4, 5, 6 - Piston cylinders , 8, 9, 10 - Vents 1 , es A °
7 8 21 - Piston pumps 2 - Transformer for the reciprocating movement into rotational one 3 - Reduction gear ■ I 4 - Electrical generator
5 - Pipelines - Cooling 9 - Heating 6 - Flywheel