Technical field:

The subject of the invention is a ventilation device with a reversible nature of changing the air flow direction in ventilation systems.

State of the art:

From the description of the invention to the Polish patent number PL.232075 Bl there is a device for reversing the fan draft, which is used in ventilation devices equipped with, inter alia, stationary, regenerative heat exchangers allowing for the recovery of heat from the exhausted used ventilation air. These devices, as a rule, are used in ventilation devices having the nature of a single passage channel, in which air treatment modules such as filters, a noise silencer, a regenerative heat exchanger and a fan reverse module are arranged in series and in a specific order, which is a rotating structure consisting of spatially shaped diaphragms in the form of quarter-spheres with an axis of rotation parallel to the rotation axis of the fan rotor, arranged symmetrically with respect to this axis, in such a way that one of the diaphragms, called the pressure diaphragm, is spread around the fan rotor on its half circumference, and the second diaphragm called the suction diaphragm surrounds the central suction opening of the fan on its half circumference, and both diaphragms are connected to each other by a bulkhead with a central suction opening. On the edges of the diaphragms, there are flanges formed, which in extreme positions are in contact with the inner framing of the channel. Rotating the reverse module by an angle not greater by 180° results in the reversal of the air flow direction in the ventilation device duct.

A device for diverting the air flow in a duct by means of a single stationary fan is known from the patent application - the German Federal Patent No. DE.4216387 Al. The device includes a valve system that provides rapid movement of the valves to reverse the air flow using a cam or solenoid. The device comprises a conduit having first and second ends open and a stationary fan disposed therebetween. The blower has an inlet and an outlet side. When the fan blades rotate, air always flows from the suction side to the discharge side. In one construction, the rigid valves are located adjacent the fan. The sealing elements, perpendicular to the fan housing and adjacent to it, form four duct openings or four passage openings. The valves close two passages, one at each end. The valves are rotatably mounted on the side walls of the channel and are rotated to close the other two channels so as to direct the air flow through the channel. The airflow through the fan always maintains the same direction. In another construction, rigid dome-shaped valves surround the fan and have opposing ports. The valves are actuated by a solenoid or a cam or a cam valve system to divert the air flow through the chute.

From the description of the invention to the Polish patent number PL.228837 Bl, There is a device which has a fan and is equipped with a cylindrical throttle consisting of coaxial cylinders, where the inner cylinder is movable and rotatably arranged in the second external fixed cylinder, and the rotation of the inner cylinder is pendulum: 180 ° to the left and vice versa, 180 ° to the right, or rotates in one direction cyclically through 180 °, the cylindrical damper having openings constituting air flow windows on the surfaces of the cylinders, external and internal, characterized by the fact that inside the inner cylinder a fixed partition is permanently placed, which is permanently and tightly attached to the movable inner cylinder, while the inner cylinder is permanently and tightly closed at both ends by circular walls / closing discs, and in the centers of the closing discs the upper and lower driveshafts are mounted, of which the upper - passive - driveshaft is a sleeve through which the fan rotor drive axis passes, with a bearing in the upper part of the housing, while the lower - active - shaft is the shaft driving the inner cylinder during its rotation under the influence of the torque exerted by the actuator and with a bearing in the lower part of the housing and coupled with the actuator drive mechanism, while the inner cylinder receives its drive from the actuator and the inside of the rotary cylinder is a fan chamber divided by a partition into a lower part which is a fan suction chamber and an upper part which is a fan pressure chamber and a rotor casing of a radial fan with a suction pipe of the fan driven by an electric motor.

There are four holes in the outer cylinder with the following dimensions: width expressed as an arc measure - obtuse angle not greater than 180 ° and height less than half of the height of the outer cylinder, which are arranged in pairs one above the other, both pairs symmetrically opposite to each other in relation to the center of the circular outline of the external cylinder, whereby the outer cylinder has openings: bottom right, upper right, left lower and left upper, and through the openings it is open to the expansion chamber and through the opening it is open to the used air connection and through the opening it is open to the supply air connection.

The disadvantages of known solutions:

The disadvantage of the known solutions is the change of fan operating conditions during the cyclically repeated changes of the operating phases of the device from the supply phase to the exhaust phase and vice versa, due to the complete unsealing of the shutters during the module rotation, which causes disturbances in its operation and clear changes in the noise level.

The object of the invention:

The object of the invention is a structure that allows to eliminate the described disadvantages and improve the functioning of known solutions by improving the conditions of air inflow to the fan impeller through the suction funnel, regardless of the position of the movable actuators of the reverse.

The essence of the invention:

The essence of the design of the ventilation device, which according to the invention includes a blind chamber delimiting the ventilated space, through channels, a valve system and a fan with a radial impeller, is characterized by the fact that the blind chamber has one outlet and is connected by one common wall or a wall connector a straight intake-outlet duct with a free outlet having a connection with the opening in the outer wall, separating the ventilated space and the pass-through intake and exhaust duct, open with its free outlet to the interior of the ventilated space, with a sealed bulkhead in the blind chamber having a central suction opening with an edge in the form of a suction funnel which bulkhead divides the blind chamber into a connecting part to which the intake-exhaust duct and the intake-exhaust duct are connected, and the pressure part, in which a fan with a radial impeller with an axis of rotation perpendicular to the bulkhead and at the same time coinciding with the axis of the central suction opening is attached to the walls of the blind chamber or to the bulkhead, and in addition, in the connecting part of the blind chamber, there are stretched between its opposite walls of the blind chamber and arranged on opposite sides of the central suction opening, two oblique partitions, tightly and permanently attached together to the bulkhead and converging and attached to the common wall of the ducts or the wall connector and attached to the opposite walls of the blind chamber of the chamber, moreover, the oblique partitions divide the connecting part of the blind chamber into a central suction zone, within which there is a central suction opening, and an intake-exhaust zone connected to the through intake-exhaust duct, and a supply-exhaust zone connected to the intake-exhaust duct. According to another, advantageous feature of the invention, within the intake-discharge zone, the connecting part has an intake-suction opening in the oblique intake-exhaust partition, while in the bulkhead it has a pressure-discharge opening, and sealing borders are located on the circumference of both openings, being valve seats of the intake-exhaust zone, besides, within the supply-exhaust zone, the connecting part has an exhaust-suction opening in the oblique supply-exhaust partition, while in the bulkhead it has a supply and discharge opening, with sealing borders on the perimeters of both openings, being the valve seats of the supply-exhaust zone. According to a further advantageous feature of the invention, the valve system comprises an intake-ejection flap connected to a shaft mounted rotatably in opposite walls of a blind chamber in the intake-ejection zone, while the axis of rotation of the intake-discharge flap is parallel to the edge of the connection between the bulkhead and the oblique intake-discharge partition, moreover, the valve system has a supply and exhaust damper connected with a rotating shaft in the supply and exhaust zone, the axis of rotation of this damper being parallel to the edge of the bulkhead connection with the oblique supply and exhaust partition, moreover, the intake-exhaust damper and the supply-exhaust damper have a mechanical connection, with any coupling system isolated from the air flow with the cover, with any driving element.

According to a further advantageous feature of the invention, each of the flaps has its own independent driving part, and the coupling system is an electronic system that controls the operation of the two driving parts. According to another, advantageous feature of the invention, in the case where the through-passage channels do not have the same cross- sections, within the smaller zone of the connecting part connected to the smaller channel, the bulkhead has a fragment, preferably bent by an angle along the bending edge parallel to the rotation axis of the respective valve flap, in the direction of the mouth of a blind chamber, in which part of the bulkhead there is a bulkhead pressure opening with a bulkhead valve seat, and the bulkhead discharge opening is positioned with respect to the septum valve seat in the same minimized zone, such that the valve flap, depending on its extreme position, seals against one of the seats of these openings.

Beneficial effects of using the invention:

The main advantage of using the invention, obtained by changing the previously used linear configuration to the "U" configuration, adopted in the invention, is the elimination of any moving encircling element and circulating around the fan impeller when the air flow direction changes. As a result, the following was obtained:

- improving the conditions of air inflow to the fan impeller through the suction funnel, regardless of the position of the movable actuators of the reverse,

- favorable changes in the noise level,

- the possibility of significantly reducing the weight of the device housing, since in the previously used linear configuration the individual air treatment devices are arranged in series, which results in an unfavorable ratio of the length of the device in the direction of the air flow to the dimensions of the passage cross-section and adversely affects the weight of the elongated device housing.

A very important advantage of the application of the invention is also the possibility of widespread use of centrifugal fans with high compression in reversible ventilation devices with high-efficiency heat recovery. High compression of the reversible fan is required in devices with precise air filters and installed in tall buildings, where an important factor for the proper operation of ventilation systems is a strong wind pressure on the facade.

Presentation of the invention:

The subject of the invention will be presented in more detail by means of its exemplary implementation, illustrated in the drawing, in which:

- Fig. 1 shows a schematic of a ventilation device assembled in a ventilated space,

- Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section of the device, a plane passing along the A-A line,

- Fig. 3 is the vertical cross-section of the device, a plane passing on the B-B line,

- Fig. 4 is a horizontal section of the device, a plane passing on the C-C line,

- Fig. 5 schematically illustrates a ventilation device with a single actuator of valve flaps in the supply phase, - Fig. 6 schematically illustrates a ventilation device with two independent actuators of valve flaps in the exhaust phase,

- Fig. 7 schematically illustrates the device in a variant with through-channels of unequal cross-sections,

- Fig. 8 schematically illustrates an exemplary structure of a complete reversible ventilation device.

An embodiment of the invention:

In a ventilation device according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention as shown in Fig. 1, the blind chamber 1 has an outlet 2 and separated by a common wall 3 or a wall connector (3a), a straight intake-exhaust duct 4 with a free outlet 5 connected with an opening 6 in the outer wall 7, separating the ventilated space 8 and a through intakeexhaust duct 9, open with its free outlet 10 to the interior of the ventilated space 8. In the blind chamber 1 there is a sealed bulkhead 11, having a central suction opening 12 with an edge in the form of a suction funnel 13, which bulkhead 11 divides the blind chamber 1 into a connecting part 14 to which the intake-discharge channel 4 and the intake-exhaust channel are connected. 4 and the discharge part 15, in which to the walls 16 of the blind chamber 1 or the bulkhead 11 is attached a fan 17 with a radial impeller 18, the axis of rotation of which is perpendicular to the bulkhead 11 and at the same time coincides with the axis of the central suction opening 0. In the connecting part 14 of the blind chamber 1 there are two oblique partitions 19, extending between its opposite walls 16a of the blind chamber 1 and arranged on opposite sides of the central suction opening 12, tightly and permanently attached jointly to the bulkhead 11 and converging and attached to a common wall channels 3 or wall connector (3a) and attached to opposite walls of chamber 16a of blind chamber 1. The oblique partitions 19 divide the connecting part 14 of the blind chamber 1 into a central suction zone 20, within which there is a central suction opening 12, and an intake-exhaust zone 21 connected to the through intake-exhaust duct 4, as well as an intake-exhaust zone connected to the supply-exhaust duct 9 supplyexhaust zone 22. oblique partitions 19 are arranged opposite on both sides of the central suction opening 12, are attached with one edge to the bulkhead 11, converge to the common wall 3 or wall connector 3a and are permanently connected to it, and their remaining edges are attached to the opposite walls 26a of blind chamber 1. In the oblique intake-suction partition 19a, separating the intake-exhaust zone 21 connected to the intake-discharge channel 4 from the intake-exhaust zone 20, there is an intake-suction opening 23, having a sealing valve seat on its circumference of the intake-exhaust opening 25a. In the oblique supply-exhaust partition 19b, separating the supply-exhaust zone 22 connected to the supply-exhaust duct 9 from the intake-exhaust zone 20, there is an exhaust-suction opening 26, having on its circumference a sealing valve seat for the exhaust-intake opening 28a. In the bulkhead 11, within the intake-discharge zone 21, a pressure-discharge opening 24 is made with a sealing valve seat on its circumference of the discharge-discharge port 25b, and within the supply-exhaust zone 22 (in the bulkhead 11), a pressure-discharge opening 27 is made, having sealing valve seat 28b on its circumference. Intake-suction 23 and pressure-discharge openings 24 located in the intakedischarge zone 21 are arranged symmetrically in relation to the axis of rotation Ra of the intake-discharge flap 30, and the exhaust-suction 26 and pressure-supply 27 located in the intake-discharge zone 21 are arranged are symmetrical with respect to the rotation axis Rb of the supply-exhaust damper 31. The valve system 29 of the device comprises an intake and ejection flap 30 connected to a shaft 30a rotatably mounted in opposite walls 16a of a blind chamber 1 in the intake-ejection zone 21. The rotation axis Ra of the intake-discharge flap 30 is parallel to the joint edge of the bulkhead 11 with the oblique intake-discharge partition 19a. The valve system 29 also has a supply and exhaust damper 31 connected to a shaft 31a rotatably mounted in the supply and exhaust zone 22, the rotation axis Rb of this damper being parallel to the connection edge of the bulkhead 11 with the oblique supply and exhaust partition 19b. The intake-discharge damper 30 and the supply-exhaust damper 31 are mechanically coupled to each other by means of any coupling system 32 isolated from the air flow by the cover 32a and have a connection to any drive element 33. The intake-discharge damper 30 and the supply and exhaust damper 31 are coupled together so that they rotate together by an equal angle ensuring that each of the dampers simultaneously takes the extreme operating positions, defining two operating configurations: a supply configuration, when fresh air drawn from outside is supplied to the interior of the ventilated space 8, in which the intake-discharge damper 30 closes the pressure-discharge opening 24, leaving the intake-exhaust opening 23 open, and the intake-exhaust damper closes the exhaust-suction opening 26, leaving the supply and pressure opening 27 and the exhaust configuration open, when the used exhaust air from inside the ventilated space 8 is thrown to the outside, in which the intake-discharge damper 30 closes the intake-suction opening 26, leaving the supply and pressure opening 27 open, and the supply-exhaust damper 31 closes the supply-pressure opening 27, leaving the exhaust-suction opening 26 open.

If, according to another embodiment of the invention, the coupling arrangement 32 is, as shown in Fig. 4, any mechanical arrangement, for example, a cable transmission, therefore to avoid undesirable air flows between zones 20, 21 and 22, it is insulated by a housing 32a.

The device according to the invention can also be in such variants as shown in Fig. 7, in which the through air channels 34 have different cross-sectional areas, which forces changes in the structure of the bulkhead 11 to match the dimensions of the reduced zone 38 connected to the duct with a smaller cross-sectional area 34a. These changes consist, in particular, in the bending of a portion of the bulkhead 11a along the edge lib parallel to the rotation axis Rc of the flap 35 located in the reduced zone 38, which consequently leads to a change in the position of the bulkhead opening 36 with the bulkhead valve seat 37 in relation to the partition opening 39 with the partition valve seat 40 - which still allows the valve flap 35 to be tightly seated, depending on its extreme position, against one of the seats of these openings. Within the framework of such changes, within the smaller zone 38 of the connecting part 14 connected to the smaller channel 34a, the bulkhead 11 has a portion 11a, preferably bent by an angle (K) along the bend edge 11c parallel to the rotation axis Rc of the respective valve flap 35, towards the opening 2. of blind chamber 1, in which the portion of bulkhead 11a comprises a bulkhead pressure port 36 with a bulkhead valve seat 37, which bulkhead pressure port 36 is situated in relation to the partitioned suction port 39 with a partition valve seat 40 situated in the same reduced zone 38, in such a way that the valve flap 35, depending on its extreme position, seals against one of the seats of these openings . An exemplary embodiment of the device according to the invention is shown in Fig. 8, where the fresh air filter 41 and the regenerative heat exchanger 43 are located in the intake-exhaust duct 4, and the used-air filter 42 and noise-reducing inserts 44 are located in the supply-exhaust duct 9.

Operation of the device according to the invention:

The device is designed to cause periodic changes in the direction of flow through the air ducts allowing for alternate supply of fresh air to the ventilated space 8 and removal of used ventilating air therefrom. The air is propelled by a fan 17 with a radial impeller 18 continuously rotating in one direction, fixed in the pressure part 15 of the blind chamber 1, which fan 17, through a suction funnel 13 located in the central suction opening 12, sucks air from the suction zone 20 the connecting part 14 and compresses them in the pressure part 15. The inflow of air sucked in by the fan 17 into the suction zone 20 is possible through one of the suction openings made in the oblique partitions 19: a partition intake and suction opening 23 and a partition exhaust and suction opening 26, while the air compressed by the fan 17 may leave the pressure part 15 through one of the pressure openings made in the bulkhead 11: a bulkhead pressure -discharge opening 24 or a bulkhead pressure and supply opening 27. Reversing the direction of the air flowing through the ventilation device takes place thanks to the operation of a valve system 29, consisting of two, for example electrically driven, coupled valve flaps 30 and 31, which are located in respective extreme positions covering or revealing the respective openings.

Thus, in the air supply phase, as shown in Figs. 2, 3, 4 and 5, when the ventilation device draws in fresh air from the outside and forces it into the ventilated space 8, the intakeexhaust flap 30 covers the bulkhead pressure -discharge opening 24, leaving the partition intake-suction opening 23 open, while the supply-exhaust damper 31 covers the partition intake-exhaust opening 26, leaving the bulkhead supply and pressure opening 27 open. With this flap configuration of the valve system 29, air flows from the air intake-exhaust air duct 4 through the blind chamber 1 to the supply-exhaust duct 9. On the other hand, in the exhaust phase, when the ventilation device sucks the used air from the ventilated space 8 and expels it outside, the intake-exhaust flap 30 covers the partition intake-suction opening 23, leaving the bulkhead pressure-discharge opening 24 open, while the intake- exhaust damper 31 covers the bulkhead pressure-supply opening 27, leaving the partition suction-exhaust opening 26 open. With this flap configuration of the valve system 29, air flows from the air intake-exhaust air duct 9 through the blind chamber 1 to the supplyexhaust duct 4. Fig. 8. shows an exemplary embodiment of a ventilation device equipped, inter alia, with a regenerative stationary heat exchanger 43, which plays a key role in the energy efficiency of the building ventilation process. The operation of the fixed regenerative heat exchanger 43 is only possible when it is washed alternately by air streams having opposite flow directions. The device according to the invention, thanks to its simple structure and with the advantageously low energy expenditure needed to drive the valve system 29, will enable the widespread use of stationary regenerative heat exchangers, which are characterized by the highest practically achievable heat and moisture recovery efficiency.